• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.3 s.136
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• pp.217-223
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• 2004

Polydnavirus is a symbiotic virus of some endoparasitic wasps and plays crucial roles in inhibiting immune responses and retarding development of the parasitized hosts. Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV) is a polydnavirus suggesting a major causative to change developmental physiology of the parasitized host. Here, we investigated whether CpBV can interrupt development of non-natural host. Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is used as a non-permissible host for parasitization of C. plutellae. Extract from the calyx region of C. plutellae contained CpBV, which was confirmed by immunoblotting with a polyclonal antibody raised against CpBV. One female equivalent of CpBV extract was injected into hemocoel of late 4th instar larvae of S. exigua. The injected larvae showed delayed larval period, decrease of body weight gain, and inability of pupal metamorphosis. These inhibitory effect of the CpBV extract was rescued by injection along with CpBV antibody, though the antibody itself did not give any effect on development of the larvae. This result clearly shows that CpBV can interrupt developmental physiology of a non-natural host for its symbiotic wasp.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 1981

In order to clarify the removal of astringency in persimmon fruits (Diospyros koki L.) and its mechanism, a comparative histology of tannin cells in tile cultivars of astringent persimmon fruits (Sangju Dungsi. Daegu Bansi. Cheongdo Bansi) and a sweet persimmon fruit (Fuyu) was observed. Tannin cells were widespread in all fruits tissue expert for tissue of ovule before full blossom. The epidermal cells of ovary. flower and calyx consist of tannin cell. Arrangement of tannin cells has radiated type toward the upper directions in the calyx. The major part of seed coat consisted of tannin cells. The epidermal cells of persimmon fruits were consisted of small tannin cells, and the inner part of epicarp of the astringent persimmon was consisted of stone cells, but the sweet persimmon was consisted of parenchymatous cells. It was suggested that differantiation of tannin cell In persimmon fruits occured until about the middle of August. Some tannin cells of matured astringent persimmon fruits was coagulated and wall of tannin cell produced protuberance, and most of tannin cells of matured sweet persimmon fruits was coagulated or ruptured.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.505-510
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• 2014

Kojongsi persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) is the major cultivar of dried persimmon in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of water-soluble extracts from the calyx (PCE), peel (PPE) and leaf (PLE) of Kojongsi persimmon. PCE showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In addition, the antioxidant activities (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), nitric oxide and reducing power) of PCE were higher than those of PPE and PLE. Moreover, PCE, PPE and PLE significantly suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide and $prostaglandinE_2$) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interluekin-$1{\beta}$) by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. PCE showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, these results suggest that the calyx of Kojongsi persimmon may be highly valuable as a natural product owing to its high-quality functional components as well as its-antioxidant, ant-iinflammatory activities.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2010

Gangliosides are a ubiquitous component of the membranes of mammalian cells that have been suggested to play important roles in various cell functions such as cell-cell interaction, adhesion, cell differentiation, growth control and signaling. However, the role that gangliosides play in the immune rejection response in xenotransplantation is not yet clearly understood. In this study, differential expression patterns of gangliosides in HEK293 (human embryonic kidney cells), PK15 (porcine kidney cells), NIH-kd (NIH-mini pig kidney cells, primary cultured) and the cortex, medulla and calyx of the NIH-mini pig kidney were investigated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The results revealed that HEK293, PK15 and NIH-kd contained GM3, GM2 and GD3 as major gangliosides. Moreover, GM3, which are the gangliosides of NIH-kd, were expressed at higher levels than HEK293 and PK15. Especially, GT1b were expressed in HEK293 and NIH-kd but not in PK15. Finally, GM1 and GD1a were expressed in NIH-kd, but not in HEK293 or PK15. These results suggest that differential expression patterns of gangliosides from HEK293, PK15 and NIH-kd are related to the immune rejection response in xenotransplantation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.63-70
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• 2019

Objective : Arnebiae Radix, the roots of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. or A. guttata Bunge, is a well-known traditional herbal medicine in East Asia. In the Korean Pharmacopoeia, three authentic species, including two Arnebia and Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. have recognized as a Lithospermi Radix. But, the morphological and taxonomic information of two authentic Arnebia species lacks date since their distribution and difficulty of accessing the natural habitats. Methods : A full description of the external morphological characteristics of vegetative and reproductive organs in the original plants was carried out using digital calipers and stereoscope. For providing their taxonomic and nomenclatural synonyms, we reviewed various plant checklists and taxonomic literature. Results : This study provides taxonomic information of A. euchroma and A. guttata based on a morphological examination of authentic plant individuals and field observations. Detailed descriptions of the two Arnebia species, major quantitative and qualitative characteristics, nomenclatural reviews, distribution maps, and lists of voucher specimens examined are provided. The shape of leaves, root length, stem number, calyx length and pubescence as well as corolla color were useful characteristics for identification. Moreover, we confirmed that A. euchroma and A. guttata are clearly heterostylous species. Conclusion : Our research provides valuable basic information that could be used as quality control for distinguishing between Arnebiae Radix and its adulterants. These results will help in the understanding of authentic plants and also provide the verified materials and voucher information.