• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1650-1669
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• 2017

In this study, each pixel in an ear is used as a centroid to generate a cake. Subsequently the major axis length of this cake is computed and obtained. This obtained major axis length serves as a feature to recognize an ear. Later, the ear hole is used as a centroid and a 16-circle template is generated to extract the major axis lengths of the ear. The 16-circle template extracted signals are used to recognize an ear. In the next step, a ring-to-line mapping technique is used to map these major axis lengths to several straight-line signals. Next, the complex plane vector computing technique is used to determine the similarity of these major axis lengths, whereby a solution to the image-rotating problem is achieved. The aforementioned extracted signals are also compared to the ones that are extracted from its neighboring pixels, whereby solving the image-shifting problem. The algorithm developed in this study can precisely identify an ear image by solving the image rotation and image shifting problems.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1990

Geometrical characteristics of fruit including perimeter, projected area and length of minor and major axis were calculated by computer programs to be used in fruit sorting by image processing system. The results are summerized as follows. 1. A program calculating perimeter, projected area, and length of minor and major axis by edge detection and chain code was developed. 2. Geometrical characteristics of given figures were calculated to verify the program and the discrepancies from the measured values were about 5%. 3. Regression models for estimating volums of apples were developed and regression coefficients for each variety were found. 4. Abnormal apples could be recognized by comparing the ratio of minor axis to major axis and the standard value was proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.320-324
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• 2017

Effect of elliptical orifice on the spray characteristics of liquid jet ejecting into subsonic crossflows were experimentally studied. Circular/elliptical plain-orifice injectors, which had different ratios of the orifice length to diameter and major axis to minor axis, were used for transverse injection. Compared with the previous research, breakup lengths of elliptical nozzles are shorter than circular nozzles at all experimental condition. Cavitation/hydraulic flip are considered as a reduction in the breakup length at all circular/elliptical nozzle. In the case of liquid column trajectories, major axis which was placed to the crossflows, increases the frontal area of the liquid column exposed to the crossflows. Hence, the aerodynamic force exerted on the jet is increased and the penetration depth is reduced.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.557-564
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• 2002

Corrugated board is an efficient low-cost structure material fur the boxes that are widely used for transporting, storing and distributing goods. Corrugated board is also considered as an orthotropic because the principal material directions are the same as in paperboard. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the principal design parameters of ventilating box through the FEA on the various types of ventilating hole. From the viewpoint of the stress distribution and stress level, the optimum pattern and location of the ventilating hole were vertically oblong, and symmetry position with a short distance to the right and left from the center of front and rear panel. And, the optimum location and pattern of hand hole were a short distance to the top from the center of both side panels, and modified shape to increase the radius of curvature of both side in horizontal oblong. In general, the optimum pattern and location of both the ventilating hole and hand hole based on the FEM analysis were well verified by experimental investigation. It is suggested that decrease in compressive strength of the box could be minimized in the same ventilating hole area under the condition of the length of major axis of ventilating hole is less than 1/4 of box length, the ratio of minor axis/major axis is 113.5∼l/2.5, and number of the ventilating holes is even and symmetrical.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.87-91
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• 2003

Effects of the circular and non-circular pad shapes on self-alignment in BGA soldering are predicted using Surface Evolver, and the calculated results are compared with experimental data. While the pad shape has minor effects on self-alignment in the vertical direction, self-alignment in the lateral direction depends on the pad direction and length ratio of the non-circular pad. Larger restoring force is obtained in the minor-axis direction than the major-axis direction, which suggests a possibility of reducing misalignment in the specific direction. The restoring force of the circular pad is between those of the non-circular pad in the major and minor-axis directions. The calculated results of Surface Evolver show reasonably good agreements with experimental data using the shear loading system.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.185-190
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• 2005

This work presents a numerical procedure to optimize the elliptic-shaped pin fin arrays to enhance turbulent heat transfer. The response surface method is used as an optimization technique with Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes analysis of flow and heat transfer. Shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model is used as a turbulence closure. Computational results for average heat transfer rate show a reasonable agreement with the experimental data. Four variables including major axis length, minor axis length, pitch and the pin fin length nondimensionalized by duct height are chosen as design variables. The objective function is defined as a linear combination of heat transfer and friction-loss related terms with weighting factor. D-optimal design is used to reduce the data points, and, with only 28 points, reliable response surface is obtained. Optimum shapes of the pin-fin arrays have been obtained in the range from 0.0 to 0.1 of weighting factor.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1327-1334
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• 1988

In this study rotating bending fatigue tests have been carried out with the deep non-through radial holed notch specimens of low carbon steels(SM 22C). It is investigated that the behaviors of surface and interior fatigue crack propagation and the variations of the shape of the cracked surface on the magnitude of bending stresses. The Obtained results are summarized as follows. (1) The relations between [Crack length] and [Cycle ratio] are expressed by following eq. in the 0.1~0.6 range of N/ $N_{f}$ long[ crack length] = A + B [N/ $N_{f}$ ] In case of surface crack length, values of A and B are uniformed independent upon the magnitude of bending stress, but those are variable according to the magnitude of bending stress for interior crack length. (2) The following eq. is derived on the surface crack propagation rate, bending stress and surface crack length. (dl/dN)=(3.94*10$^{-12}$ ).sigma.$^{4.54}$l (3) Under small stress, interior crack propagation rate increase with the interior crack growth but it decrease for large stress. (4) The shape of cracked surface depends upon the magnitude of bending stress. Under small stress fatigue crack propagates as an semi-ellipse with semi-major axis of surface crack length with semi-major axis of interior crack length for large stress.s.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.67-73
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• 1999

We constructed a class Ⅳ Flextensional transducer, and analyzed the effects of the variation in its material properties and structure on the resonance frequency of the transducer. We used the FEM for the analysis. Major axis length, minor axis length, thickness and material properties of the shell turned out to have large effects, while volume of the insert material, material properties and thickness of the ceramic bar have little. Thickness of the nodal-plate has no effect on the resonance frequency. Results of the present work can be utilized to design Class W Flextensional transducers of various resonance frequency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.226-227
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• 2008

We constructed a class I Flextensional transducer, and analyzed the variation of the resonance frequency of the transducer in relation to its design variables. We used the FEM for the analysis. Major axis length, minor axis length, thickness and material properties of the shell have large effects on the resonance frequency. In addition, the validation of the FE model was verified by manufacturing and comparison of the impedance analysis.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.732-735
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• 2002

By forming lens-like shapes on the electrode surfaces in OLEDs, the external quantum efficiency is enhanced. The external quantum efficiency of the proposed structure can be much more increased compared to that of the flat structure by decreasing the length of major axis and increasing the length of minor axis for the lens-like shapes.