• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2015

Recently, railroad's preference greatly increased as the environment-friendly means of transportation as the importance in the aspects of environment and energy efficiency. So the government established the Korea Rail Network Authority which takes full charge of railroad construction in 20047 for regular railroad construction to combine major key points in the whole country with each other to be one city region by connecting them to each other to be within the commute time range of a hour and thirty minutes. And it has arranged large-scale railroad construction by establishing plans to build the 1st and 2nd national railroad networks as the national project and investing about 100 trillion won in it from 2006 to 2020. As large-scale railroad construction is promoted as the national project like this, there has been a string of safety accidents in it due to the large and complex construction project. As the government strengthened the safety accident prevention plans, safety accidents have tended to decrease in 2011. However, accidents of construction machinery have found to increase. Therefore, this study tried to investigate accident cases of the Korea Rail Network Authority for the recent 5 years and analyze accidents of construction machinery to prevent them in railroad construction sites and suggest accident prevention plans due to it by conducting, investigating, and analyzing the survey of its operators and superintendents of the construction sites and drawing the problems.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2020

Background: To investigate radiological effects on biota, it is necessary to assess radiation dose for flora and fauna living in a terrestrial ecosystem. This paper presents a dynamic model to assess radioactivity concentration and radiation dose of terrestrial flora and fauna after a nuclear accident. Materials and Methods: Litter, organic soil, mineral soil, trees, wild crops, herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores are considered the major components of a terrestrial ecosystem. The model considers the physicochemical and biological processes of interception, weathering, decomposition of litter, percolation, root uptake, leaching, radioactive decay, and biological loss of animals. The predictive capability of the model was investigated by comparison of its predictions with field data for biota measured in the Fukushima forest area after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Results and Discussion: The predicted radioactive cesium inventories for trees agreed well with those for evergreens and deciduous trees sampled in the Fukushima area. The predicted temporal radioactivity concentrations for animals were within the range of the measured radioactivity concentrations of deer, wild boars, and black bears. The radiation dose for the animals were, for the whole simulation time, estimated to be much smaller than the lower limit (0.1 mGy·d^-1) of the derived consideration reference level given by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for terrestrial flora and fauna. This suggested that the radiation effect of the accident on the biota in the Fukushima forest would be insignificant. Conclusion: The present dynamic model can be used effectively to investigate the radiological risk to terrestrial ecosystems following a nuclear accident.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2008

우리나라는 건설교통부에서 규정하는 지침에 의거하여 도로를 설계하는데 안전한 도로의 건설을 위해서는 사고와 연관된 기하구조요인의 정확한 이해와 분석을 통해 도로의 설계자가 도로 설계과정에 반영하도록 하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 고속도로 인터체인지에서 발생하는 교통사고를 실제로 수집이 가능한 도로기하구조 및 교통여건에 관한 자료만을 이용하여 신뢰성있게 분석할 수 있는 모형으로 정립하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 고속도로상의 총 129개 트럼펫인터체인지와 35개 클로버인터체인지 상에서 연결로 형식별로 발생한 교통사고를 이용하여 다양한 교통사고요인들의 관계를 분석하기 위해 교통사고발생분포를 통계학적 방법을 통하여 분석한 바, 음이항분포가 가장 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 트럼펫인터체인지의 연결로 형식별, 그리고 클로버인터체인지의 연결로 형식별로 교통사고를 분석할 수 있는 음이항회귀모형을 개발하였다. 본 모형은 고속도로를 계획 및 설계하는 초기단계에서 인터체인지의 유형과 인터체인지 연결로의 유형을 결정하는데 활용할 목적으로 개발되었으며, 본 모형의 적합성을 판단하는 여러 가지 통계학적 값들과 모형을 통해 예측한 값들, 그리고 실제로 현장에서 관측한 값들의 차이를 분석한 바 본 논문에서 구축한 모형이 이론적 및 실용적 측면에서 적합하게 구축되었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.465-473
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• 2019

Objectives: A variety of industries handling hazardous chemicals emit odorous substances. Based on the emission characteristics of major odor substances from the results of hazardous chemical substance emissions, we will define basic data for improving the management methods of odorous substances. Methods: A survey of hazardous pollutant emissions for 2010-2016 was conducted through the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register homepage. Eight kinds of designated odor substances (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, acetaldehyde, styrene, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone) provided the study subjects. The status of chemical accidents for the target substances was analyzed using the Chemistry Safety Clearing-house system. Results: From 2010 to 2016, it was found that more than 30% of businesses that emitted odorous substances accounted for more than 50% of the total emissions of the eight substances. Emissions of xylene, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, and ammonia were found, in that order, and they made up more than 90% of the total emitted. By region, about 70% of odorous substances were emitted in the top-four regions: Gyeongsangnam-do Province, Ulsan, Gyeonggi-do Province, and Jeollanam-do Province. Conclusion: Recently, the amount of chemical emissions has been continuously increasing, including those that can cause odor. Odorous substances can be a serious risk to the lives of local residents. Systematic research is needed for the health protection of residents.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2019

Background: Workforce health is one of the primary and most challenging issues, particularly in industrialized countries. This article aims at modeling the major factors affecting accidents in the workplace, including general health, work-family conflict, effort-reward imbalance, and internal and external locus of control. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Esfahan Steel Company in Iran. A total of 450 participants were divided into two groups-control and case-and the questionnaires were distributed among them. Data were collected through a 7-part questionnaire. Finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and Amos software. Results: All the studied variables had a significant relationship with the accident proneness. In the case group, general health with a coefficient of -0.37, worke-family conflict with 0.10, effort-reward imbalance with 0.10, internal locus of control with -0.07, and external locus of control with 0.40 had a direct effect on occupational stress. Occupational stress also had a positive direct effect on accident proneness with a coefficient of 0.47. In addition, fitness indices of control group showed general health (-0.35), worke-family conflict (0.36), effort-reward imbalance (0.13), internal locus of control (-0.15), and external locus of control (0.12) have a direct effect on occupational stress. Besides, occupational stress with a coefficient of 0.09 had a direct effect on accident proneness. Conclusion: It can be concluded that although previous studies and the present study showed the effect of stress on accident and accident proneness, some hidden and external factors such as work-family conflict, effort-reward imbalance, and external locus of control that affect stress should also be considered. It helps industries face less occupational stress and, consequently, less occurrence rates of accidents.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

IMO에서는 선박운항기술에 ICT기술을 융합하여 해양사고를 예방하는 e-Navigation의 도입을 추진하고 있다. 국내에서도 해양사고의 취약계층인 어선 및 연안을 항해하는 소형선박을 대상으로 한국형 e-Navigation을 개발하고 있다. 그러나 한국형 e-Navigation의 성공적인 개발을 위해서는 현재까지 진행된 개발성과를 평가하고 개발 방향성을 재정립할 수 있도록 개발성과를 평가할 수 있는 지표의 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 주요한 해양사고인 충돌사고를 중심으로 e-Navigation 서비스의 개발목표에 맞춘 평가지표를 개발하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 RCA기법과 FTA 기법을 활용해 해상 충돌사고 발생 근본원인을 도출하고 이를 정량화하여 e-Navigation 서비스를 위한 충돌사고 평가지표를 개발하였다. 해당지표는 e-Navigation의 개발지표 및 충돌사고 분석을 위한 지표로 활용되어 해양사고 저감에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 1981

To investigate the status of medical accident attack rate and medicare utilization during last 27months from 1st Oct., 1977 to 31st Dec. 1979 in the area under Sam Wha Medicare Insurance Union, the study was carried out through analyzing the medicare records of patients who were enrolled. "The medical accident" in this study was used as the meaning of the state that the people who have been treated morbid condition with insurance money. For the study, 2 doctors and one nurse were mobilized and the results are as follows: 1) The total number of the Medicare Insurance Union members among the 37,044 total population of the study area, (Hea-mi, Unsan, Eumam Myun) were 57, 35 composed of 3,000 males (52.3%) and 27, 35 females (47.7%) in 1977, 3,383 composed of 2,006 males (59.3%) 1,377 females (40.7%) in 1978, 2,573 composed of 1,437 males and 1,336 females (44.2%) in 1979. 2) Total number of medical accident attack cases were 6,774 case (partially overlapped the number of the 1977 with that of the 1978) and average annual medical accident attack rate per 1,000 population was 700.9. 3) Five major disease group in the past three years were disease of the respiratory system (177.7), disease of the digestive system (165.8), disease of the skin and subcutaneous(64.9), symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions (64.6), any injury and poisoning (51.9). Mental disorders (32.6) was the 6th order disease group. 4) The order of the medical accident attack rate of age group per 1,000 population per year was the year group of 0~4(877.8), 45~64(832.6), 25~44(810.3), 5~14(495.1) 15~24(494.7) 65 and over (460.7). 5) Medical accident attack rate of age group per 1,000 population in the 5 major disease groups were the year group of 45~64 (100.0) in the mental disorders 0~4(525.1) in the disease of the respiratory system 45~64 (328.5) in the disease of the digestive system 0~4 (202.8) in the disease of the skin and subcutanous tissue, 25~44 (98.3) in the accidents and poisoning. 6) Monthly medical accidents attack rate were 87.0 in the winter (Dsc., Jan., Feb.) and 86.2 in the summer (Jun., July, Aug.). So the trend of the medical accidents attack rate during the year was bimount figure. 7) Monthly medical accidents attack rate in the major disease group were highest in Jan., Apr., (31.1) in the disease of the respiratory system, in Jan., Feb., Mar. (24.9) in the disease of the digestive system, in Jan., Jun., Aug. (9.8) in the injury and poisoning. 8) Duration of the treatment of the 93.1% of the total cases were within 5 days. 9) 299 cases (4.5%) of the total number of cases, 6,587 cases were referred to secondary and tertiary medicare facilities. 10) The order of the major 10 kinds of diagnosis of the disease, 6,587 cases during 27 months, were URI and chillness (1,063 cases, 16.1%), gastritis(830 cases, 12. 6%) dermatitis(360 cases, 5.5%), bronchitis(291 cases, 4.4%), neurosis (284 cases, 4.3%), contusion (165 cases, 2.5%), tooth extraction (157 cases, 2.4%), tonsillitis (109 cases, 0.7%), laceration (107 cases, 1.6%), neuralgia (105 cases, 1.6%), arthritis (104 cases, 1.6%), otitis media and mastoiditis (103 cases, 1.6%), so total case were 3,678 cases (55.9%).

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.445-450
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• 2004

Tunnel fire accident is one of the critical railway accidents, together with collision and derailment. For the safe operation many tunnel design guidelines are proposed but many Korean railway tunnels do not satisfy these guidelines. For the safety improvement, current safety level is estimated in this study. But so many uncertainties in major input parameters make the safety estimation difficult. In this study, probabilistic techniques are applied for the consideration of uncertainties in major input parameters. As results of this study, probabilistic safety estimation code is developed.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2003

중앙선 침범 관련 사고는 다른 사고에 비해 사고빈도는 낮지만 치명적인 사고로 이어질 가능성이 높기 때문에 이에 대한 적절한 사고감소대책이 필요하다. 중앙선 침범을 방지하는 대표적인 도로안전시설물이라 할 수 있는 중앙분리대는 도로의 안전 확보에 중요한 역할을 하며, 실제 그 효과에 대한 구체적인 분석을 통하여 향후 중앙분리대의 적극적인 활용을 도모하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중앙분리대의 형식, 성능 등에 대한 검토에 앞서 기본적으로 중앙분리대의 설치와 교통사고와의 관계를 분석해 보았다. 즉, 중앙분리대의 사고감소효과를 파악하기 위해 우리나라 4차로 이상의 일반국도를 대상으로 중앙분리대 설치 여부에 따른 사고자료를 비교하였다. 보다 체계적이고 효과적인 분석을 위해 총 사고뿐만 아니라 유형별·사고강도별·시간대별 사고를 비교하였으며, 다양한 효과척도(사고율. 사고점유율. EPDO)를 이용하여 사고빈도뿐만 아니라 사고강도까지 비교하였다. 지점별·구간별 사고분석 및 중앙분리대 신설지점에 대한 효과분석 결과 중앙분리대의 설치는 사고빈도와 함께 사고강도를 낮춤으로써 확실한 사고감소효과를 가져왔으며, 특히 정면충돌사고, 사망사고, 야간사고에 대한 사고감소효과가 크게 나타났다. 따라서 정면충돌사고. 사망사고, 야간사고가 빈번히 발생하는 도로구간(특히 단일로나 접속로의 경우)에 대한 중앙분리대의 설치는 교통사고 감소를 위한 중요한 대책이 될 수 있다. 이러한 연구를 통해 중앙분리대 설치에 따른 사고감소효과를 명확히 밝힘으로써 중앙분리대 설치의 당위성을 제공할 수 있을 뿐 만 아니라 향후 보다 효과적이고 합리적인 중앙분리대 설치구간 선정에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.199-211
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• 2008

본 연구는 청주시 4지 신호교차로에서 발생한 측면직각 충돌사고를 다루고 있다. 연구의 목적은 측면직각 충돌사고의 특성을 분석하고, 순서형 프로빗 모형을 이용하여 사고의 심각도에 영향을 주는 사고요인을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 2004년과 2005년의 2년간 181개 교차로에서 발생한 580건의 측면직각 충돌사고 자료를 이용한다. 사고특성 분석결과, 야간과 직진 중에 가장 많은 교통사고가 발생하였으며, 주된 원인은 신호위반으로 밝혀졌다. 사고심각도 모형개발의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 모형의 적합도를 나타내는 우도비(${\rho}^2$)값은 0.094이며, 변수의 적합성을 나타내는 t-ratio 값은 모두 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 측면직각 충돌사고의 심각도에 영향을 미치는 변수로는 부도로 교통량, 부도로 차로수, 주도로 좌회전차로, 주도로 좌회전신호유무, 주도로 황색신호시간, 교차각, 주도로 부도로 제한속도가 선정되었다.