• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.640-647
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• 2013

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has become the new international benchmark for efficiency in design, construction and maintenance of buildings. It is the platform that brings about collaboration between project stakeholders and improvement of project outcomes. With all its potentials, not much of the impact of BIM technologies has been felt in the Nigerian construction industry. This research aimed at assessing the readiness of the Nigerian building design firms to adopt BIM technologies. The research was exploratory in nature. A field survey was conducted with the use of structured questionnaire, self administered to a sample of building design consultancy firms (architectural, structural, M&E, quantity surveying, and multi-disciplinary design firms) within Abuja and Kaduna. The questionnaire sought the perception of the responding firms on the factors affecting BIM adoption in the Nigerian construction industry, and their level of readiness to adopt BIM technologies in their practices based on the four categories of readiness-management, people, process and technology. 42.26% response rate was achieved and used for analysis. ANOVA and DUNCAN post-hoc tests were used to establish the differences between the responses of the groups of firms, while means and standard deviations were obtained to establish the important factors affecting BIM adoption in Nigeria. The survey revealed that all the groups of Nigerian design firms are appreciably ready for the adoption of BIM technologies in their practice, with slight variations in their respective levels of readiness. 'Lack of awareness of BIM technology among professionals' and clients and 'lack of knowledgeable and experienced partners' were identified as the most important barriers of BIM adoption in Nigeria; while the most significant drivers are 'availability of well trained professionals' and 'cooperation and commitment of professional bodies to the adoption'. Education and training of building design professionals and cooperation of all stakeholders in the design and construction supply chain were recommended as part of measures to ensure successful adoption of BIM in the Nigerian construction industry.

• Journal of Wind Energy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2024

Rapid progress is being made in foundational technology research and engineering for the construction of floating offshore wind farms. There is active development of technology for detachable mooring systems, which have strengths in addressing maintenance issues that arise in floating offshore wind farms and enhance their economic viability. Conventional detachable mooring systems use Kenter links inserted into the middle of mooring chains, which require excessive time for retrieval by Anchor Handling Tug Supply (AHTS) vessels during detachment operations. Moreover, these operations pose risks of link damage and accidents. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of a new concept of detachable mooring systems. The proposed detachable mooring system in this study simultaneously integrates a fairlead chain stoppers (FCS) and submersible mooring pulleys (SMP), which enables all operations to be conducted on the AHTS vessel without underwater tasks. This study detailed the design and safety evaluation of the SMP, a core component of the detachable mooring system, based on the minimum breaking load (MBL) of selected mooring lines according to the capacity of the floating platform. It referenced international codes (AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings D5, Pin-Connected Members) for design verification and performed finite element analysis to evaluate the strength of major components in installation and operation scenarios. Additionally, procedures and techniques for evaluating the structural strength of components under uncertain boundary conditions were proposed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2008

The low flow analysis is an important part in water resources engineering. Also, the results of low flow frequency analysis can be used for design of reservoir storage, water supply planning and design, waste-load allocation, and maintenance of quantity and quality of water for irrigation and wild life conservation. Especially, for identification of the uncertainty in frequency analysis, the Bayesian approach is applied and compared with conventional methodologies in at-site low flow frequency analysis. In the first manuscript, the theoretical background for the Bayesian MCMC (Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo) method and Metropolis-Hasting algorithm are studied. Two types of the prior distribution, a non-data- based and a data-based prior distributions are developed and compared to perform the Bayesian MCMC method. It can be suggested that the results of a data-based prior distribution is more effective than those of a non-data-based prior distribution. The acceptance rate of the algorithm is computed to assess the effectiveness of the developed algorithm. In the second manuscript, the Bayesian MCMC method using a data-based prior distribution and MLE(Maximum Likelihood Estimation) using a quadratic approximation are performed for the at-site low flow frequency analysis.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.30-42
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• 2022

OSC is a type of supply chain and value chain that spans the entire process of construction production (planning, design, construction, maintenance, etc.). It is a method of producing the final object by manufacturing it in a factory, transporting it to the site, installing and construction. This research as is the construction cost was compared for each case A, which applied the PC method, and case B, which applied the RC method. In the case of applying the PC method (excluding the PC design cost), compared to the case where only the RC method was applied, the frame construction cost per unit quantity (m³) increased by about 70% (50% based on the total RC construction type). Of the total frame construction cost of PC method application, PC accounted for 90.2%, 'PC manufacturing cost' 54.8%, 'PC assembly cost' 28.5%, and 'transportation cost' accounted for 6.89%. Also a decision-making framework that can consider both costs and benefits was established. In the case of benefits, the construction period, defect repair, disaster occurrence, energy efficiency, noise/dust/waste, and greenhouse gas emission indicators reflecting OSC technical advantages were presented. It can contribute to providing a basis for helping decision-making on the introduction of PC apartment houses using OSC.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.59-92
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• 2012

With accumulated research evidence, there is little doubt that leadership behavior is related to a wide variety of positive individual and organizational outcomes. Indeed, leadership behavior has been empirically linked to increased employee satisfaction, organizational commitment, extra effort, turnover intention, organizational citizenship behavior, and overall employee performance. Although leadership behavior has been linked to a number of positive organizational outcomes, research regarding the antecedents of such behavior is limited. Especially there is little research dealing with the antecedents of inter-organizational leadership behavior. This study interests in inter-organizational ethical leadership among marketing channel members. In both the mass media and the academic association, there has been a surge in interest in the ethical and unethical behavior of leaders. Although the corporate scandals in recent years may explain much of the mass media and popular focus, academics' interest has been limited by evidence that ethical leadership behavior is associated with both positive and negative inter-organizational processes and performances. This study tried to contribute to this body of knowledge by examining antecedents of ethical leadership. Ethical leadership is defined "the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision-making." Ethical leaders not only inform individuals of the behefits of ethical behavior and the cost of inappropriate behavior, such leaders also set clear standards and use rewards and fair and balanced punishment to hold followers accountable for their ethical conduct. Despite the assume importance and prominence of ethical leadership among organizations, there are still many questions relating to its antecedents and consequences. One is whether the likelihood of an leading organization being perceived as an ethical leader among other following organizations in marketing channels can be predicted using its characteristics and inter-organizational relationship maintenance skills. Identifying trait and skill antecedents will aid in the development of strategies for selecting and developing ethical leaders and determining the best means to reinforce ethical behaviors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of three categorized variables on ethical leadership of channel leader. To be concrete, this study develops a model of the antecedents of three conceptually distinct forms of channel leader characteristics, such as organizational traits, inter-organizational relationship maintenance strategies, and supplier management strategies, and tests the hypothesized differential effects on ethical leadership of marketing channel leaders. The reason why this study deals with discount store channel is that there is very strong inter-dependence between a discount store and its suppliers. Their strong inter-dependence makes their relationship as the relationship between a leader and suppliers and creates an atmosphere that leadership occur without difficulty. The research model is as follows. For the purpose of empirical testing, 295 respondents of suppliers of discount store channel in Korea were surveyed. The procedures included scale reliability, and discriminant and convergent validity were used to validate measures. Also, the reliability measurements traditionally employed, such as the Cronbach's alpha, were used. All the reliabilities were greater than .70. This study conducted confirmatory factor analyses to assess the validity of our measurements. All items loaded significantly on their respective constructs(with the lowest t-value being 15.2), providing support for convergent validity. We then examined composite reliability and average variance extracted(AVE). The composite reliability of each construct was greater than .70. The AVE of each construct was greater than .50. This study tested research model using Partial Least Square(PLS). The estimation of the structural equation model revealed an acceptable fit of the model to the data($r^2$=.851). Thus, This study concluded that the model fit was considered acceptable. The results of PLS are as follows. The results indicated that conscientiousness, openness, conflict management, social networks, training, fair reward had positive effects on ethical leadership of channel leaders. On the other hand, emotional insecure had negative effect and agreeableness, assurance, and inter-organizational communication had no significant effect on supply chain leadership.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.561-566
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• 2008

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate nutritive value of cell mass from lysine production (CMLP) as a protein supplement for ruminants. In each experiment, animals were fed a diet containing 40% of forages and 60% of concentrates, mainly composed of rice straw and ground corn, respectively, to meet the maintenance requirements, and the diets were formulated to supply equal amounts of energy and nitrogen among treatments. In order to investigate the effect of CMLP on ruminal fermentation (Experiment 1), three Korean native goats weighing $26.1{\pm}1.4kg$ were allotted into individual cages with a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. Each animal was fed one of three protein sources (CMLP, soybean meal (SBM), and urea). Rumen pH, bacterial and fungal counts, volatile fatty acid concentrations and acetate to propionate ratio were not significantly different among treatments. Concentration of propionate, however, was higher in SBM treatment (14.1 mM) than in CMLP (8.7 mM) or urea (9.3 mM) treatments. There was significantly more branch-chain volatile fatty acid production in CMLP (1.9 mM) and SBM (1.8 mM) treatments than in urea (1.3 mM) treatment. The number of protozoa was the highest in urea treatment, followed by CMLP and SBM treatment with significant differences. A metabolic trial (Experiment 2) was conducted to measure in vivo nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in Korean native goats fed CMLP and SBM. Two heavy ($35.0{\pm}1.2kg$) and two light ($25.0{\pm}0.9kg$) Korean native goats, caged individually, were used in this experiment. A heavy and a light animal were paired and supplemented with either CMLP or SBM. The animals fed CMLP showed a trend of lower total tract digestibility in all the nutrients measured; however, there was no statistical significance except for digestibility of ether extract. Nitrogen digestibility of CMLP was estimated to be about 7% units lower than that of SBM. There was a tendency for lower nitrogen retention in CMLP treatment (35.9%) compared to SBM treatment (42.3%). In summary, CMLP can be a good protein source for ruminant animals from nutritional and economic perspectives and may replace some, if not all, of SBM in a diet without losing nitrogen utilization efficiency. Further research is warranted for investigating the effect of CMLP fed with easily fermentable forage and the effective level of CMLP for replacing SBM.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.325-351
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• 2011

This paper is focused on problem in the law and system caused by the infringement of medical information and in the law and system indicate the solution. Interests in the medical service are increasing in internet environment as life quality of the people improves because of development in information and medical technology. The current main issues of the legislative system and the law improvement suggestion for telemedicine activation which is related to the ubiquitous health in which the medicine field and IT technology convergence appearance. In particular, South Korea in the privacy-related legislation should be amended. The reason, Medical information record contains a lot of patient's private secrets. Therefore, if privacy protection is not enough this could cause problem violate a patient's privacy. Thus we need consequently the maintenance of the health medical treatment field to suit a telemedicine environment of a law system. Specifically, this law enacted to protect medical treatment information and the technical security services with confidence and stability against security treats are necessary.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.765-776
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to a) examine IC (intellectual capital) circumstance of CFMC (contract foodservice management company), b) identify the correlation between IC of CFMC, c) analyze the cause and effect of IC in the viewpoint of contractor, client, and customer. The questionnaires of IC measurement were handed out to 108 CfHCs, there composing of main office employees, foodservice managers, customers, and clients of 207 school, 38 hospital, and 86 business/industry foodservices. The statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS Win (ver 12.0) for descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, simple linear regression analysis. First, CFMCs had operational experience for an average of 8 years and 8 months, and served an average of 38,540 meals a day. Most of the respondent companies operated 'food supply/distribution($50\%$)', 'catering ($46.7\%$)', and restaurant business ($43.3\%$)' except for institutional foodservice and managed an average of 66 clients for the contract period of 2 years and 3 months. Second, there was positive correlation between $\ulcorner$sales of foodservice$\lrcorner$ and 'market ability', $\ulcorner$client satisfaction$\lrcorner$ and necessary intellectual capital for managing branch/chain foodservice office, and $\ulcorner$customer satisfaction$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$renewal and development$\lrcorner$, 'market ability', 'infrastructure support for foodservice operation', 'employee satisfaction', respectively. Finally, the result of the cause and effect analysis on CFMCs, clients, and customers was positively influenced by 'client satisfaction' with 'customer satisfaction', 'infrastructure support for foodservice operation' and 'customer satisfaction' with 'employee satisfaction', and 'infrastructure support for foodservice operation'. In conclusion, if CFMCs were to perform a routine checkups by utilizing CFMC's IC measuring tool, improvements in CFMC operational capacities as well as foodservice quality can be noted. Additionally, CFMCS can satisfy their client-customer relationship by employing internal marketing thechniques for employee, a more efficient infrastructure support system, and construc tive infrastructure utilization. Therefore, CFMCs can show significant improvement in their sales and foodservice quali-ty though continuous maintenance of the client and customer satisfaction.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.2
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• pp.233-246
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• 2003

The mediator-based system integrates heterogeneous information systems with the flexible manner. But it does not give much attention on the query optimization issues, especially for the query reusing. The other thing is that it does not use standardized metadata for schema matching. To improve this two issues, we propose mediator-based Distributed Information Integration System (DIIS) which uses query caching regarding performance and uses ISO/IEC 11179 metadata registry in terms of standardization. The DIIS is designed to provide decision-making support, which logically integrates the distributed heterogeneous business information systems based on the Web environment. We designed the system in the aspect of three-layer expression formula architecture using the layered pattern to improve the system reusability and to facilitate the system maintenance. The functionality and flow of core components of three-layer architecture are expressed in terms of process line diagrams and assembly line diagrams of Eriksson Penker Extension Model (EPEM), a methodology of an extension of UML. For the implementation, Supply Chain Management (SCM) domain is used. And we used the Web-based environment for user interface. The DIIS supports functions of query caching and query reusability through Query Function Manager (QFM) and Query Function Repository (QFR) such that it enhances the query processing speed and query reusability by caching the frequently used queries and optimizing the query cost. The DIIS solves the diverse heterogeneity problems by mapping MetaData Registry (MDR) based on ISO/IEC 11179 and Schema Repository (SCR).

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2021

In a smart manufacturing environment, more and more devices are connected to the Internet so that a large volume of data can be obtained during all phases of the product life cycle. The large-scale industries, companies and organizations that have more operational units scattered among the various geographical locations face a huge resource consumption because of their unorganized structure of sharing resources among themselves that directly affects the supply chain of the corresponding concerns. Cloud-based smart manufacturing paradigm facilitates a new variety of applications and services to analyze a large volume of data and enable large-scale manufacturing collaboration. The manufacturing units include machinery that may be situated in different geological areas and process instances that are executed from different machinery data should be constantly managed by the super admin to coordinate the manufacturing process in the large-scale industries these environments make the manufacturing process a tedious work to maintain the efficiency of the production unit. The data from all these instances should be monitored to maintain the integrity of the manufacturing service system, all these data are computed in the cloud environment which leads to the latency in the performance of the smart manufacturing service system. Instead, validating data from the external device, we propose to validate the data at the front-end of each device. The validation process can be automated by script validation and then the processed data will be sent to the cloud processing and storing unit. Along with the end-device data validation we will implement the APM(Asset Performance Management) to enhance the productive functionality of the manufacturers. The manufacturing service system will be chunked into modules based on the functionalities of the machines and process instances corresponding to the time schedules of the respective machines. On breaking the whole system into chunks of modules and further divisions as required we can reduce the data loss or data mismatch due to the processing of data from the instances that may be down for maintenance or malfunction ties of the machinery. This will help the admin to trace the individual domains of the smart manufacturing service system that needs attention for error recovery among the various process instances from different machines that operate on the various conditions. This helps in reducing the latency, which in turn increases the efficiency of the whole system