• Title/Summary/Keyword: Mainstream smoke

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Determination of heavy metals in mainstream smoke by ORS-ICP-MS (ORS-ICP-MS를 이용한 담배 연기의 중금속 성분 분석)

  • Cho, Sung-Eel;Ji, Sang-Un;Hwang, Keon-Joong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2008
  • In this study, we compared three different pretreatment methods, such as block digestion, microwave digestion and solvent injection, coupled with Octopole Reaction System(ORS)-ICP-MS was used for the quantification of heavy metals in mainstream smoke of 2R4F reference cigarette, and then evaluated those efficiencies in the recovery, repeatability and reproducibility. In all methods, volatile heavy metals, As, showed the highest CV value, and Cd showed the lowest one. However, the solvent injection method showed the most stable recovery rate and CV value of 2.36 %. This method showed also advantages in time-consuming and compatibility with ICP-MS system. This results demonstrate that solvent injection method can be recommended as a superior pretreatment procedure to be able to reduce contaminants and spectral interference as well as loss of the elements interested.

Preparation of Hydrazine Impregnated Adsorbents and Selective Adsorption Properties for Carbonyl Compounds in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke (Hydrazine 첨착 흡착제의 제조 및 담배 주류연 중 카보닐 화합물의 선택 흡착 특성)

  • Lee, John-Tae;Park, Jin-Won;Lee, Jeong-Min;Rhee, Moon-Soo;Hwang, Keon-Joong;Hwang, Taek-Sung
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.210-216
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    • 2006
  • To use the filter materials for selective removal of carbonyl compounds in cigarette mainstream smoke, hydrazine such as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) and dansylhydrazine (DAH) impregnated adsorbents were prepared with perchloric acid or phosphoric acid as an accelerator in hydrazone formation reaction. Changes of molecular structure and morphology of adsorbents in various of impregnator were investigated by FTIR/ATR and SEM. Impregnation amount caused by reaction time, acid type and impregnation reagent, and the adsorption properties of carbonyl compounds in cigarette mainstream smoke were studied. Amounts of impregnation increased with increasing reaction time. The removal amount for vapor phase carbonyl compounds by 2,4-DNPH impregnated adsorbent was higher than that of dansylhydrazine impregnated adsorbent. The selectivity of 2,4-DNPH impregnated polyacrylic type adsorbent was superior to those of other adsorbents. This result indicates that the 2,4-DNPH impregnated polyacrylic adsorbent is applicable to cigarette filter material because of its fast reactivity and porosity.

The Manufacture of Antioxidant Filter and Removal Efficiency of the Free Radicals in Mainstream Smoke (항산화 필터 제조 및 주류연중 free radicals 제거 효과)

  • Kim, Soo-Ho;Cha, Sung-Je;Shim, Weon-Tack;Cheong, Bong-Su;Seo, Man-Seok;Song, In-Beom;Jang, Hang-Hyun;Shin, Chang-Ho;Kim, Jong-Yeol;Kim, Chung-Ryul;Choi, Yoon-Joo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.18-28
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    • 2009
  • This study describes the manufacturing method of antioxidant filter and evaluate the reduction of free radical and biological activity from mainstream smoke. When we used spray-brush for the application of antioxidant solution to the filter, cv(coefficient of variation) levels of antioxidant added to filter ranged within 3 %, which means stable and constant feeding process. 0.3~0.5mg per cigarette of antioxidant were sprayed to acetate and active carbon part in the filter plug, respectively. It was considered that the use of antioxidant added filter resulted in the reduction of the gaseous compounds of free radicals from 17 % to 19 % in the mainstream smoke. Variation for removal efficiency of free radical in antioxidant filter added to acetate part was more pronounced than that of filter added to active carbon part. Smoking deliveries of tar, nicotine for the antioxidant added filters were similar when comparing to the non-antioxidant added filter, but the delivering amounts of isoprene were significantly reduced. The estimation of consumed GSH(glutathion) showed that the gaseous toxicity of the antioxidant added filter was 14 % ~ 23 % lower than that of non-antioxidant added filter. No significant differences were observed for the total taste quality in sensory evaluation.

Effect of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice (흡연이 MPTP에 의해 유발되는 신경독성에 미치는 영향)

  • Heung-Bin Lim;Hyung-Ok Sohn;Young-Gu Lee;Dong-Wook Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.160-169
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    • 1996
  • Effect of cigarette smoke exposure on 1-methyl-4-phpnyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyidine (Mm)-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in C57BL6 mice. Cigarette smoke exposure of mice to the mainstream smoke generated from 15 cigarettes for 10 mins per day, 5 days per week, for fi weeks, effectively attenuated the decline both in the level of striatal dopamine and the number of brrosine hydros:ylase-positive ceils in the brain caused by MPTP treahent. Exposure to cigarette smoke significantly decreased monoamine oxidate B activity in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The activity of brain antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase, was not changed by cigarette smoke exposure or MPTP treatment. Sulfhydryl compounds content in all brain regions except for the striatum was uniquely increased by MPTP treatment, however, such an effect of MPTP was not observed in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. These results suggest that cigarette smoke exposure inhibits MPTP-induced neurotoxicity without influencing free radical metabolism in the brain of mice. This protective effect of cigarette smoke seems to be closely related with the decreased activity of brain monoamine oxidase H. Key words : cigarette smoke exposure, dopamine, monoamine oxidase B, antioxidant enzywles, MPTP.

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A Physico-chemical Characteristics of Low Sidestream Cigartette Papers and the Delivery Patterns of Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke (저부류연 궐련지의 이화학적 특성과 주 $\cdot$ 부류연 연기성분 이행특성)

  • Kim Soo-Ho;Ko Dongkyun;Lim Heejin;Shin Chang-Ho;Lee Young-Taek;Kim Chung Ryul;Lee Dong-Wook;Kim Jong-Yeol
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.27 no.1 s.53
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    • pp.83-93
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of additives in low sidestream cigarette papers, such as Mg$(OH)__2,\;TiO_2\;and\;KH_{2}PO_4$ on the delivery of mainstream and sidestream smoke. From the analysis of tar and nicotine in sidestream and mainstream smoke, the delivered ratios of tar and nicotine by sidestream to mainstream smoke in common cigarette paper were 5.32 and 8.60, respectively. However, the delivered ratios of those of the paper containing $Mg(OH)_2\;were\;2.25\~3.23,\;4.86\~7.14,\;Mg(OH)_2\;and\;KH_{2}PO_4\;were\;2.12\~2.92,\;4.67\~6.89,\;TiO_2\;was\;3.21,\;7.51 $ respectively. The deliver patterns of semi-volatile components in the cigarettes were similar each there, but a slight different pattern in the amount was observed depending on the kinds of compounds added in cigarette papers. In the cigarettes made of $Mg(OH)_2$ added paper, the aromatic components such as benzene, toluene and phenol were generated more while the aliphatic components like neophytadiene, ethyl decanoate were delivered less than the cigarettes made of common cigarette papers. However, the cigarettes manufactured with $Mg(OH)_2\;and\;KH_2PO_4$ added paper showed an opposite trend. The cigarettes made of $TiO_2$ added paper showed relatively low delivery in the most compounds measured. In sensory evaluation, cigarette papers tested were noticed a distinguishable sensory character between the low sidestream smokes with additive cigarette papers except $TiO_2$ added one. Moreover, aroma patterns detected by a electronic nose system in TPM were a similar tendency.

Evaluation of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke by measure of home air nicotine level (실내공기 중 Nicotine 측정을 이용한 환경중 담배연기의 노출평가)

  • 박연신;이석주;박성은;신동천
    • Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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    • 2000.04a
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    • pp.344-345
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    • 2000
  • 인류가 흡연을 시작하면서 담배는 보편적인 사람들의 기호식품으로 이용되기도 했으나, 보건학적으로 인간의 건강을 위협하는 가장 위협적인 존재로 인식되고 있다. 흡연자의 담배연기에 비흡연자가 무저항적으로 노출되는 간접흡연의 문제는 생활수준의 향상과 생활활동 양식의 변화, 건강에 대한 관심의 증대로 현대인들에게 매우 중요한 문제가 되고 있다. 환경중 담배연기(Environmental Tobacco Smoke; ETS)는 흡연자의 입, 비강에서 품어내는 주류연(mainstream smoke)과 담배가 자연 연소되면서 발생하는 부류연(sidestream smoke)이 환경공기 중에 확산된 상태의 담배연기를 일컫는 용어로 실내공기의 주요오염원이다. (중략)

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Generation and Decay Phenomena of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Controlled Experimental Atmosphere Chamber (환경이 조절되는 Chamber 내에서 Environmental Tobacco Smoke의 생성과 감소 현상)

  • 이문수;나도영;안기영;이규서
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.170-176
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    • 1996
  • This paper describes the generation and decay phenomena of gas, vapor and particulate phase components of environmental tobacco smoke in 18 m3 controlled experimental atmosphere chamber. Real time-weighted average concentration ratios of markers were determinated at no ventilation rates and sampling durations of starting to smoking 45 min. Average concentration of major ETS markers was no significant on the mainstream smoke contents of commercial cigarette and decay ratios were dependent on first order kinetic. RSP/nicotine, solanesol and 3-EP were good predictors of ETS concentration in the public indoor field. The concentration ratio of vapor phase and particulate phase components is highly variable to assessment of indoor air quality with ETS. Key words : ETS, chamber study, ETS markers.

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Changes of Tobacco Smoke Components by Adding Oriental, Reconstituted, and Expanded tobacco leaves (오리엔트엽, 판상엽, 팽화엽 첨가에 따른 담배 연기성분 변화)

  • 황건중;이문수;나도영;이윤환
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.113-120
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to determine the smoke component changes by adding oriental, reconstituted, and expanded tobacco leaves. 7 different cigarette brands which were mixed with flue-cured, burley, oriental, reconstituted and expanded tobacco leaves were used for this study. 64 kinds of smoke components which were 6 of general components, 34 of semi-volatile and volatile components, 9 of acid components, and 15 of phenolic components were analyzed. All smoke components of mainstream smoke were changed by the different branding. As Tar, nicotine, ammonia, pH, all of acid compounds(except lacatic and glycolic acid) were decreased; HCN, levoglucosame, 4-vinyl phenol, 4-vinyl catechol, quinic acid-r-lactone, acetaldehyde, 2,3-butadiene, stylene were increased by adding oriental tobacco leaves. When the reconstituted tobaccos were added to 20%, the concentration of nicotine, all of acid compounds(except lactic. glycolic, palmitic acid) and all of phenol compounds were reduced; the concentration of ammonia, HNC, CO, aeconitrile, benzene, 2-butanone, moth-acrolene, butyronitrile, stylene, o-xylene were increased. As decreasing ammonia, pH, nicotine, all of acid compounds, all of phenol compounds, Isoprene, acetonitrile, 2-methyl-2-butene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-nlethyl furane, ethylene cyclopentanone, ethyl bezene; increasing CO concentration were followed by adding expanded tobacco leaves.