• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

As the fourth industrial revolution era, lots of new convergence products are being launched but most of them are disappearing due to intense competition. In particular, small and medium-sized businesses(SMBs) don't have a lot of management capabilities, so they focus on performance and quality rather than considering specific marketing strategies when planning a product. However, if the strategy isn't included when new convergence products are planned, it can be difficult to enter the initial market and mainstream market. In this paper, we examined the risk factors that may occur in the process of transition from the initial market to the mainstream market, from chasm marketing perspective. Through this analysis, to launch new convergence product and go beyond chasm at the same time, we have analyzed the chasm marketing and social network perspective, and then suggested four marketing strategies. When SMBs make new convergence product enter into mainstream market, these marketing strategies will be favorable to them which want to position at the dominant advantage of the market in the fierce competition.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.169-191
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• 2008

In this paper, we examined the difference of the effects of buying factors in two consumer segments divided by the innovative behavior for digital convergence products, and developed relevant managerial implications. As the digital convergence product could be understood as a innovative bundling product, the buying factors of the digital convergence products were clustered in 3 groups : common innovation-bundling factors, innovation factors and bundling factors. Tests for the difference of regression coefficients of the purchasing factors in the two markets show that (1) the early market is affected by both of the common innovation-bundling factors and the innovation factors, while the mainstream market is affected by all of the common innovation-bundling factors. the innovation factors and the bundling factors, (2) the early market is more affected by the technical benefit, while the mainstream market is more affected by the pragmatic benefit, and (3) both of the two markets are affected by the compatibility and the message communicability. The relevant managerial implications for the successive diffusion of the digital convergence products can include (1) in the entire period of the diffusion. enhancing the compatibility between consumer and product concept, performing constant and differentiated marketing communication activities, (2) in the early market of the diffusion, introducing unique innovative product which provides obvious and differential synergy through the convergence, appealing to the technical benefit, and (3) in the mainstream market of the diffusion, improving the qualities and features of individual products for the digital convergence product, appealing to the pragmatic benefit, reducing the complexity of product.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.171-209
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• 2008

The Great Depression is one of the most important economic incidents in the twentieth century. A significant and long-lasting impact of this event is the rise of the government intervention to the economy. Under the catastrophic downturn of the economic condition worldwide, people required their government to play an active role for economic recovery, and this $mentalit{\acute{e}}$ prolonged even after the Second World War. Social science textbooks taught at Korean high schools mostly referred to the Great Depression for explaining the reason of government intervention in economy. However, the mainstream view commonly found in the textbooks provides a misleading theological interpretation. It argues that inherent flaws of the market economy causes over-production/under-consumption, and that this mismatch ends up with economic crisis. The chaotic situation was resolved by substitution of the governments for the market, and the New Deal was introduced as the monumental example ('laissez-faire economy ${\rightarrow}$over-production${\rightarrow}$the Great Depression${\rightarrow}$government intervention${\rightarrow}$economic recovery'). Based on economic historians' researches for past three decades, I argue that this mainstream view commits the fallacy of ex-post justification. Unlike what the mainstream view claims, the Great Depression was neither the result of the 'market failure', nor the recovery from the Great Depression but was due to successful government policies. For substantiating this claim, I suggest three points. First, blaming the weakness or instability of the market economy as the cause of the Great Depression is groundless. Unlike what the textbooks describe, the rise of the U.S. stock price during the 1920s cannot be said as a bubble, and there was no sign of under-consumption during the 1920s. On the contrary, a new consensus emerging from the 1980s among economic historians illustrates that the Great Depression was originated from 'the government failure' rather than from the 'market failure'. Policymakers of European countries tried to return to the gold standard regime before the First World War, but discrepancies between this policy and the reality made the world economy vulnerable. Second, the mainstream view identifies the New Deal as Keynesian interventionism and glorifies it for saving the U.S. economy from the crisis. However, this argument is not true. The New Deal was not Keynesian at all. What the U.S. government actually tried was not macroeconomic stabilization but price and quantity control. In addition, New Deal did not brought about economic recovery that people generally believe. Even after the New Deal, industrial production or employment level remained quite low until the late 1930s. Lastly, studies on individual New Deal policies show that they did not work as they were intended. For example, the National Industrial Recovery Act increased unemployment, and the Agricultural Adjustment Act expelled tenants from their land. Third, the mainstream view characterizes the economic order before the Great Depression as laissez-faire, and it tends to attribute all the vice during the Industrial Revolution era to the uncontrolled market economy. However, historical studies show that various economic and social problems of the Industrial Revolution period such as inequality problems, child labor, or environmental problems cannot be simply ascribed to the problems of the market economy. In conclusion, the remedy for all these problems in high school textbooks is not to use the Great Depression as an example showing the weakness of the market economy. The Great Depression should be introduced simply as a historical momentum that had initiated the growth of government intervention. This reform of high school textbooks is imperative for enhancing the right understanding of economy and history.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2015

Owing to the increase in price of cigarettes in Korea, herbal cigarettes have received increasing attention as a non-smoking aid; however, its safety has hardly been studied. We analyzed some of the toxic components in the mainstream smoke of herbal cigarettes, performed a mutagenicity test on smoke condensates for safety assessment, and compared the results with the corresponding values of a general cigarette with the same tar content. Herbal cigarette "A" was smoked using automatic smoking machine under ISO conditions in a manner similar to general cigarette "T". The tar content measured was higher than that inscribed on the outside of a package. The mainstream smoke of herbal cigarette "A" did not contain detectable levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines and nicotine. Carbon monoxide and benzo(${\alpha}$)pyrene contents in herbal cigarette "A" were higher than those in the general cigarette "T". The phenolic contents such as hydroquinone, resorcinol, and catechol in herbal cigarette "A" were higher than those in the general cigarette "T", but cresol contents in herbal cigarette "A" were lower than those in the general cigarette "T". The content of aromatic amines such as 4-aminobiphenyl in herbal cigarette "A" was higher than that in the general cigarette "T"; however, this difference was not statistically significant. On the other hand, 1-aminonaphthalene, 2-aminonaphthalene, and 3-aminobiphenyl contents in herbal cigarette "A" were lower than those in the general cigarette "T". The smoke condensates of herbal cigarette "A" exhibited a higher mutagenic potential than the condensates from the general cigarette "T" at the same concentration. We concluded that the mainstream smoke of herbal cigarette contains some toxic components, the smoke condensates of herbal cigarettes are mutagenic similar to general cigarette because of combustion products, and that the evaluation of the chemical and biological safety of all types of herbal cigarettes available on the market.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2000

The purposes of this thesis lies in the study of marketable design through understanding of skiwear design and its market. This was done through the analysis of the present state of, and the growth of its market, modern fashion industry and the consumer, through skiwear related periodicals. I undertook the task of understanding current design trends through a study of catalogs by well-known ski wear brands, firsthand observation and photographing at ski resorts. The characteristics of present fashion industry lie in the realization of global merchandising, expansion of discount stores and tele-sales, demands for susceptible store interiors and change in consumer behavior. The market created outside of mainstream skiwear, focuses on the growth of the sportive mood over all areas of fashion, and among these developments. Skiwear trends begin to show tendencies to subdivide. Skiwear design can be divided into groups of functional sportswear for professionals, practical, snowboard-wear that combines as street-wear and finally elegant, feminine style.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 2006

This study was conducted to determine the amount of unprotonated nicotine in cigarette mainstream smoke and to investigate its relationship to level of filter ventilation and machine smoking conditions. Unprotonated nicotine from TPM trapped on a Cambridge filter pad(CFP) was adsorbed by Carboxen/PDMS SPME fiber, thermally desorbed and determined by GC/MS. 2R4F reference cigarette, twelve commercial brands from the Korean market and five test cigarette samples, which had the same tobacco blend with different levels of filter ventilation, were analyzed for unprotonated nicotine. In commercial brands, the amount of unprotonated nicotine changed slightly depending on the pH values of smoke, and decreased as the tar level increased. filter ventilation in these commercial cigarettes was $28{\sim}80%$ and the higher filter ventilation increased relative unprotonated nicotine levels, but not significantly. However, in five test cigarettes with different filter ventilation$(0{\sim}70%)$, unprotonated nicotine levels increased almost linearly with the level of filter ventilation. Concentrations of unprotonated nicotine in mainstream smoke generally increased in order $HC\;<\;ISO\;{\leq}\;MDPH$ machine smoking conditions. The ratio of unprotonated nicotine to total nicotine among $cigarettes({\alpha}_{fb})$ increased in order RC < MDPB < ISO conditions. Concentrations of unprotonated nicotine varied with three machine smoking conditions.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.15-24
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• 2019

Hollywood traditional movie companies are continuously challenged by new-type companies represented by the streaming content platforms. Based on the latest market statistics, and with a multidimensional approach involving the production, distribution, projection and overseas market, etc, this paper analyzes the changes and development of North American movie industry in its process of coping with the globalization and digitalization of media in 2018, and summarizes the effective measures for Hollywood mainstream movie companies to adjust their own structures and operation mechanism to maintain their development in the environment of new media consumption.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1707-1713
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• 2007

If GNSS-based location information, expected to become the mainstream of the future technology, is applied to the future transportation, it will be of benefit to as follows; cost reducing effects on operating expanse and constructing expense due to decrease of ground unit installation, development of new technologies for train, or vehicle control system and becoming a front runner in the market. Therefore, this paper provides the minimum requirements for GNSS based system thru the studies on the applicability of GNSS based system to railway system, distinctions of the new technology between the existing technologies, and location accuracy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.267-278
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the vertical integration, which is the main characteristic of the domestic digital music market, appears in each period and how these phenomena affect the digital music market. As a result, we could find out that the domestic digital music market is a vertically integrated market centered on ISPs. There were a variety of subjects that led the digital music market from the early digital music in 2000s to the latest streaming market. However, ISP was the only subject that vertically integrated all aspects of content, distribution, and consumption through its subsidiaries and affiliated companies. A variety of combined services, supplementary services, and fare plans provided by using its platform and network have become mainstream services in the domestic digital market and have fixed the current transaction type in domestic market.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2015

This paper primarily intends to explore whether smartphones accelerate the customer education paradox. Smartphone usage is becoming a mainstream habit, and it is changing people's shopping experience and conventional practices, hence presenting new challenges to the market. A smartphone affects customers strongly when they are trying to choose a product/service among a variety of options, and making purchase decisions. With smartphones bringing such changes and challenges to the market, especially to the companies and stores, it is important to understand market trends in order to retain the loyalty of existing customers as well as to attract new buyers. Therefore, companies and stores should offer enhanced and better technical service quality, along with the use of tools such as QR codes. Further, mobile based websites would offer a suitable approach in assisting customers using smartphones to obtain better information of greater value. The results of this study imply that there is an opportunity for organizations to design various methods of imparting customer education by using smartphones, such as loading applications on a smartphone that lead to more information with good quality and present real benefits regarding the products/services.