• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2013

The modern town houses in Philippines has been changed through Spanish colonization over 300years and American military administration in 20C. Especially Cebu, the first contemporary capital of colonized Philippines by Spain, has various cultural characteristics and historical remains including old houses. By the economy condition in Cebu growing up, Bahay na bato, stone and wood house, has been settled for the elite or middle class of Cebu around 19C influenced by Spanish or Europe and Philippines native house called bahay kubo. Bahay na bato shows a common features, as revealed in this study, which all of them has a two stories with cut stone curtain wall and wooden beam and lintel, fronting the main street by approaching directly from street. And spatial separating also shown by setting living space to upper level instead of using storage or entrance hall called zaguan in lower level. Bahay na bato studied here shows a particular appearances in elevation, having volada and elaborate geometric or floral window pattern, also playing a role for ventilation with vetanilas below volada and main window in section. They have a rectangular plan with caida, sala, comedo, azotea almost similar to Spanish and ealier colonial Mexico style mixed with Philippines traditional style showing the strong spatial separation functionally and space wideness for party occasionally.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-37
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the original floor plan and wall design of Seokbulsa Grotto in Kyungju; commonly known as 'Seokguram'. The paper presents an array of dimensional studies of the existing Seokguram to examine its architectural form, and infers the original floor plan and wall design of Seokbulsa Grotto. Seokbulsa Grotto is designed as a system of 'coherent modules' and was constructed using the dry stone method, which interlocks large stone modules into a whole that becomes the load-bearing structure itself. The design principles governing Seokbulsa Grotto are the spatial axis of symmetry, modular coordination, and the layout grid of a quarter Tang-Ruler(TR: 唐尺). Dimensional studies were conducted with these governing principles in mind and concludes the following about the original floor plan design. In the main chamber, Ansang-stone's radius is 12 TR, and Flagstone's radius is 12¼ TR. In the front chamber, the width between the two Ansang-stones facing each other is 22 TR and the longitudinal space depth is 12 TR, while the width between the two Flagstones facing each other is 22½ TR and Flagstone's depth is 12 TR. In the passageway, the width between the two Ansang-stones facing each other is 11½ TR and longitudinal space depth is 9 TR, while the width between the two Flagstones facing each other is 12 TR and Flagstone's depth is 7¾ TR. The distance from the center to the entrance line of the main chamber is 10½ TR. Therefore, the total longitudinal length of the Grotto is 43½ TR at the level of the Ansang-stones, and 44 TR at the level of the Flagstones.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out tendencies in the planning characteristics focused on the community, single building, shared spaces and interior concept of apartment houses in Daejeon City, and to analyze these characteristics according to apartment unit floor plan based upon the arrangement of room, the type of main entrance, the type of LDK, anbang, kitchen, bathroom and the 3rd space. This study used the content analysis method and analysis was made on drawings and descriptions showing planning characteristics of apartment houses. Above all, 34 cases of apartment houses and 159 unit plans were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The most important characteristics of the direction of housing development was the "well-being" concept including greenzone and natural environment. The most mentioned community spaces were children's playgrounds and parks. The emphasized interior concepts were noble, well-being and natural concepts. 2) The most prominent front arrangement type was the 3-bay unit plan, front space arrangement was focused on rooms and, livingroom. The most prominent front space arrangement types were R/L/R, R/L/R/R and there is a new tendency towards KD/L/R/R. 3) The most prominent LDK floor plans were of the LDK type. The type of "Anbang" arrangement consisted mainly of room-bathroom-dressing room. The type of public bathroom arrangement consisted mainly of bathtub-toilet-washbasin and the "Anbang" bathroom arrangement was shower-booth-toilet-washbasin.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2017

Purpose: The characteristics of spatial allocation planning in dentistry through examining the dental hospitals in Korea and comparison between them are necessary for the development of planning of the dental healthcare system. This study has been started to provide basic informations such as zoning, allocation distribution, and space configuration for the planning of dental hospital architecture. Methods: Literature review of dental care departments and investigation on current status of dental hospital in Korea have been conducted. The spatial allocation and space configuration of eleven dental hospitals have been analyzed. Results: The result of this study can be summarized in three points. The first one is that dental hospitals in Korea are consisted with eight to eleven dental care departments and they are divided with the horizontal allocation type with three to four departments in a floor for the spatial communication or the vertical allocation type with a department in each floor for the independent space. The second one is that oral medicine and oral maxillofacial radiology are located near the main entrance, orthodontics and pedodontic dentistry in lower level, prosthodontics in upper level, and conservative dentistry and periodontics have no specific spatial consideration. The third one is that the factors to consider the allocation planning are zoning for examination & diagnosis, basic practice, adolescence, surgery, circulations for patient, dentist, staff, different access for department like as easy access for reception and pedodontic dentistry, enclosure space for prosthodontics and surgery, frequency of visit and treatment care time, and change of treatment concept from treatment department to disease control corporative practice. Implications: This study is the starting point for the research of spatial configuration in dentistry and it is necessary to analyze the architectural planning to develop the dental healthcare system.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2022

Ijidang(二止堂) is a private village school (seodang, 書堂) established in Okcheon, north Chungcheong province where Jungbong Jo, Heon(重峯 趙憲, 1544-1592 AD) had trained for his sound mind and body(yusangcheo, 遊賞處). Jo, Heon was a notable Neo-Confucian scholar of the Kiho School and also a righteous general leading soldiers in Joseon Dynasty. According to Ijidanggi(二止堂記), Ijidang was constructed to honor Jo, Heon and to train local talents in 1647 with the support of Song, Si-yeol(宋時烈, 1607-1689 AD),a representative scholar belong to Kiho School and other local Confucian scholars. Ijidang currently consists of Main Body(本體) in the middle along with the East(Dong-lu 東樓) and the West Pavilions(Seo-lu 西樓) attached to each side. The Main Body and the Dong-lu firstly constructed were to give lectures and to rest within. Ijidang has undergone several changes in its form so far. The surrounding nearby Ijidang shows characteristics of the Confucian architecture for training(J eong-sa, 精舍) and the building itself was to be built in a scenic place apart from the secular world in which scholars stayed, cultivated their body and mind or taught disciples within. The lecture space of Ijidang is positioned next to the main hall(Dae-cheong 大廳) unlike other typical forms of a three-bay building(samganjije 三間之制) at that period. West lu, a two-story building added afterwards in the early 18th century representing characteristics of the Gate Pavilion(Mullu, 門樓) of Neo-Confucian Academies(Seo-won, 書院) in Joseon Dynasty was typically located where the entrance and the ground floor of the main building are visible simultaneously.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.56-70
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• 2022

창녕 교동 39호분과 63호분은 북쪽에 입구부를 둔 횡구식 묘제로 별도의 추가장이 이루어지지 않은 창녕지역의 독특한 묘제이다. 본고는 해당 고분의 매장 프로세스와 함께 고분의 입구부에 별도로 조성된 석곽 2기의 성격과 의미를 이해하고자 하였다. 이 2기의 석곽은 39호분의 석곽 3호(39-3호)와 63호분의 석곽 3호(63-3호)로 대형분 내에 독립되어 조성된 소형 무덤이다. 2기 모두 매장주체부의 북벽 중위에 위치하며 한쪽 벽면을 매장주체부 벽석과 공유하고 있는데 축조상태로 보아 주피장자를 석곽 내부에 안치한 뒤 북벽을 폐쇄하는 과정에서 조성되었다. 석곽 내부에는 동물유체가 모두 확인되었는데 특히 63-3호 동물유체 동정결과 최소 3개체의 개가 매장된 것으로 추정되었다. 무엇보다 이들 동물유체는 주피장자를 등진 상태로 머리를 바깥쪽으로 향하고 있으며 한정된 공간 내에 중첩되지 않고 나란히 안치되어 있어 주목된다. 창녕 교동 39-3호와 63-3호는 매장주체부를 축조하는 과정에서 조성된 것으로 동시성을 가지며 각각의 독립된 유구이지만한 고분 내에서 주피장자를 따라 축조되었다는 종속적 관계를 형성한다. 또한 동물을 살해한 뒤 해체되지 않은 상태로 일정한 방향에 따라 정연하게 안치하였다는 점에서 강제성을 띠고 있다. 이에 유구의 성격은 개(견(犬))를 순장한 순장곽(殉葬槨)으로 이해된다. 삼국시대 고분 출토 동물유체에 대한 연구는 그 위치에 따라 동물부장, 제수매납, 동물희생 등으로 해석되며 이는 일련의 동물희생의례, 즉 동물 부장과 희생(제생(祭牲) 혹은 공희(供犧))으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 인식의 바탕에는 동물을 음식이나 제의 희생물과 같이 물적 대상화하는데 기반하고 있다. 그런데 창녕 교동 39-3호와 63-3호는 장송의례 과정에서 동물을 영적존재로 인식하고 주피장자의 계세사상과 밀접하게 연관된다는 점에서 차이를 보인다. 또한 유구의 위치와 방향성에 대한 다각도로의 분석도 요구되는데, 이 2기의 순장곽이 고분의 입구부에 해당하며, 위치가 입구부의 가장 개방된 공간이라는 점, 바깥을 향해 바라보는 개의 모습 등은 고분 수호와 벽사의 의미로도 해석이 가능하다. 이러한 모습은 고대 계세사상을 반영하는 고구려 벽화고분에 묘사된 개의 그림과 백제 무령왕릉 출토 석수와도 비교가 가능하며 고대 무덤을 지키는 진묘수의 의미와도 상통한다. 이는 차후 동물유체 매장유구에 대해 다각적인 연구가 필요하다는 점을 시사하는 바이다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.233-250
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• 2010

Jukseoru as an official pavilion of the government, one of the eight sceneries in Gwndong Area, is located on the cliff over Osipcheon River. This paper interprets form and space of the pavilion with restored old life by analyzing pictures of official party in 18th century in Chosun Dynasty. Every part of the space is occupied by persons by the class and duty: the pricipal guest, nobles, subordinates, gisaengs, court musicians, and guards from the high to the low and from the inside to the outside. Applying the analysis to the Jukseoru pavilion, the noblest lord takes sit on the platform in front of folded screen at main bay under checked ceiling, enclosed by low timber beam. The next northern end bay is a place for subordinates' and servants' waiting for preparation for rice wine. Southern end entrance bay is not a result of later addition but deliberately and originally made for lower place outside the railing of wooden floor: for a waiting woman gisaeng, and subordinates. Outside under the eaves on the platform with bedrock, artificial stone and soil is a place for court musicians, subordinates, and guards. The yard in front of the building is a place for preparing meals by cookers. Every detailed ornamental form is different each other by the place for the occupied class. Existing theory tells that the building, 7 bays gable-and-hipped roof, is a result of structural extention of 2 bays at the 5 bays gabled-roof. However, through the interpretation of old pictures and application to the pavilion, the present Juseoru is not a result of later structural addition, but deliberately designed creation suited to life in hierarchical traditional society.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2018

본 연구는 세종시 신설초등학교의 배치계획에 따른 사이공간 현황과 계획방향에 관한 사례연구로 24개 학교의 사이공간 유형을 분류하고 5개 학교를 대상으로 구성현황과 이용빈도를 비교분석하였다. 주요 결과로 첫째, 사이공간 내부의 구성이 학습기능보다 놀이, 휴식의 기능에 이용빈도가 높은 것으로 분석되어 다양한 놀이기구 및 휴게공간의 계획이 우선되어야 하는 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 사이공간에 계획된 필로티 공간은 높은 이용빈도를 보이는 반면 그에 접해 있는 사이공간의 이용빈도가 낮아 필로티 공간에서의 활동을 사이공간으로 확대할 수 있는 계획적 접근이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 사이공간을 통과동선으로 이용하는 경우(E2, E3)는 놀이, 휴게공간과 영역을 구분하여 사이공간의 기능적 독립성을 확보해야 하는 것으로 나타냈으며 넷째, 사이공간의 과도한 조경면적이 이용빈도를 낮추는 요인으로 작용하고 있어 활동영역을 충분히 확보한 후에 조경영역을 계획하는 접근이 필요하다. 다섯째 사이공간으로의 다양한 진입동선을 확보해야하는 것으로 주진입로에서 단절된 배치의 경우 사이공간을 둘러싼 교사동 각 부분에서 부출입구를 계획해 접근성을 최대한 확보해야 이용빈도를 높일 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.122-130
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• 1999

The main purpose of this project is to improve the funeral and grave culture which has brought about many social problems, and to fix the crematory culture as the future funeral ceremony in our country. In this study, we first investigated the actual condition of cremation culture. Second, we survey three representative crematorium as an object of study and investigated similar sample buildings in Japan, we analyzed the problem of existing crematorium. Finally, we arranged the basics to approach the space program and design criteria of this project. 1. The entrance of vehicles has been commonly concentrated to the opening time of crematorium. therefore, Peak time has come out as circulation of cremation and waiting time is increasing, also it is difficult to manage the congestion normally. 2. The whole problem of crematorium is poor environment, inferior buildings, noise, unsatisfactory ventilation and privacy, insufficient convenience facilities. 3. The user demand on the crematorium facilities is a private family room for waiting area, a farewell room for family members in a direct line, an outdoor rest area, and the various service facilities, and so on. 4. For improvement of the funeral and grave culture, it is necessary that crematorium is not a hatred facilities, as the conversion of consciousness, and to new shape of charnel as it wore family tomb.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 도시 근린공원을 대상으로 주변 공간의 가로망 형태에 따른 공원의 시각적 접근기회를 분석하는 것이다. 분석을 위해 도보로 이용이 가능한 도보권 및 근린 생활권 공원 27곳을 최종 선정하였다. 공원을 중심으로 각 유치거리에 따라 GIS를 이용하여 영향권을 설정(buffering)하였으며, 설정된 구역에서의 공간배열 특성을 가로망 중심으로 파악하고 공간구문론을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구수행을 위해 Arcview 기반의 Axwoman Ver3.0프로그램을 활용하였다. 공간구문론에서 제시하는 연결도, 통합도 등의 지수를 통해 공원의 접근기회를 파악하였으며, 정량적 수치들이 가지는 의미는 관련 문헌고찰을 통해 해석하였다. 연구 결과는 공원 유치거리에 따른 공간의 전체적인 배열 특성에 대해서는 통합도, 명료도 값을 활용하였으며, 각 공원의 주출입구 공간은 연결도, 통합도 값을 이용해 분석했다. 분석 결과, 전체공간에서는 대부분의 통합도 값이 2보다 낮았으나, 명료도의 경우 0.7이상의 값을 가진 공원이 10곳으로 나타났다. 공원의 주출입구 공간에 대한 접근기회는 주출입구 공간의 통합도를 중심으로 살펴봤으며, 도보권 공원에서는 사직 2공원이, 생활권 근린공원에서는 중앙공원과 발산공원 등이 상대적으로 접근기회가 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 기존의 공원 접근성에 관한 연구가 시점과 종점간의 물리적 거리 및 환경에 초점이 맞춰져 있는데 반해, 공원을 둘러싼 공간 배열 특성을 고려한 접근성 분석이 이루어졌다는데 의의가 있다. 이러한 결과는 도시공원의 입지계획에 있어 합리적 근거를 부분적으로 제공해 줄 것으로 기대된다.