• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.5-40
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• 2018

The history of decentralization and autonomy is the result of the struggle for democracy against the authoritarian central government. Before the imminent law amendment, there are many tasks for decentralization and citizen autonomy. Therefore, decentralization and autonomy are not given on their own but they must be taken from authoritarian and centralist power group which possesses exclusive interests. The decentralization and autonomy now enters into the stage of development. In 1960, the April 19 Revolution opened the era of democratic local autonomy and it was abolished by the military coup of May 16, Now, the era of the reform of the decentralization are coming. Decentralization and autonomy will evolve from the stage of quantitative expansion to the stage of qualitative leap. This paper proposes that the revision of decentralization be the strategic maximum, and that the independence of the local government personnel rights be the tactical minimum. This paper insists that the independence of personnel right in the local government can be a link with law amendment for decentralization. Local autonomy and decentralization are the main subjects of the amendment. Above all, clarifying this is the subject and method of this study, and the scope of the study.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.183-199
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• 2012

Previous Earth Science textbooks have mostly lacked the latest astronomical phenomena frequently being reported in mass media such as popular science magazines. One of the main directions in the revision of the 2009 National Curriculum of Korea is to actively include those phenomena. Furthermore, despite a close link between astronomy and physics, the concept of modern physics has not been actively introduced in Earth Science textbooks and at the same time the linkage of physics to astronomy has rarely been studies in physics textbooks. Therefore, the concept of integration among different fields in science is emphasized in the new National Curriculum. Transient phenomena in the high energy astrophysical objects are examples that reflect such issue. The purpose of this study is to introduce transferring a real-time data and making imaging of astronomical observations using e-Science. As a first step, we performed the first experiment for a large data transfer of astronomical observation between Korea and Japan using KOREN, a National Research and Education Test Network. We introduce actively on-going fields of e-Science in observational activities of astronomy and astrophysics, and their close interrelationship with scientific inquiry activities and public outreach activities. We discuss our experiment in the scientific and educational aspects to the primitive e-Science activity in the Korean astronomical society and, in turn, provide a prospective view for its application to the scientific inquiry activities and public outreach activities in the upcoming commercial Gbps-level internet environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.816-828
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• 1995

During the industrial preparation and the storage of foods, the side chain of some protein-bound amino acids can react chemically each other or with other molecules present in the food. The following reactions have been described : destruction of amino acids, racemization, protein-protein interactions, reactions of proteins with reducing sugars, oxidizing agents, or polyphenols. Apart from total destruction, the main reacitons are the forming of Maillard reactions products(e.g. fructoselysine) and the crosslinking with other amino acids in the same or in another protein molecule(e.g. lysinoalanine). The most often involved amino acid is lysine because of its free functional ${\varepsilon}-amino$ acid group. Generally derivatives of amino acids or crosslinks in polypeptides influence the bioavailability and the overall digestibility of the protein. This work reviews the technological, analytical, nutritional, and physiological problems related to the formation of fructoselysine and lysinolalnine in human foods, and evaluates the possible health risk for humans. A summary of the available information is of help in considering whether or not the presence of fructoselysine/lysinoalanine in foods represents a danger to man. The reduction in protein quality through these reactions is not a problem for the general population, but it is extremely important in infant foods, since infants are often nourished with a limited number of food product(e.g. formular foods) which are sensitive to the Mailard reaction.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.15-68
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• 1983

From the economic point of view the fishing port is the complex of installations on land, organized to serve the fishing fleet and its cargo, and is the main link in the production chain of all components of the fishing industry, with the aim of achieving the planned targets with the minimum cost. Fishing port investment decisions have had significant impact on the development aims of Korean fisheries. Fishing port investments in Korea are made mostly by public or semipublic port authorities. Such investments should be judged not purely on the basis of financial profitability but rather on the extent to which they serve the development aims of the fishing industry. This makes the economic appraisal process more complex and presents certain problems in correctly quantifying the economic costs and benefits of the fishing port projects. This study concentrates more on the theoretical economic appraisal models than on the purely financial aspects of fishing port investments and points out the difference between the two approaches. In the result, there is clearly an element of judgment as to whether or not a shadow price needs to be used in estimating economic benefits and costs. From this viewpoint, some attempts are made to provide definitions of the possible economic benefits and costs, and methods for estimating and evaluating them in Part III and IV. Especially queueing theory is applied in the calculation of economic benefits. When a project is contemplated and analysis shows it to Lave a positive NPV, one question that arises is whether it should be implemented now or delayed. In this paper, the first year rate of return method is regarded as a more concise way of solving the timing of investment, At the end of Part IV, risk analysis of fishing port investments is considered. It can be handled in a number of ways, ranging from informal judgment to complex statistical analyses involving large-scale computer models, This paper recommends that evaluators of fishing port investments use the sensitivity analysis indicating exactly how much NPV will change in response to a given change in an input variable, other things held constant. Decisions regarding the amount of capacity to provide must be made in fishing port investments. Providing too much service would involve excessive capital costs. On the other hand, not providing enough service capacity would cause the waiting line of fishing vessels to become excessively long at times. Therefore, in Part V, the optimal number of berths and berth productivity in fishing port are defined as follows: Minimize E(TC) ＝ E(WC)＋E(SC) The minimum of this function is the solution and that is the optimal number of berth and berth productivity in fishing port.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.2 s.79
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• pp.245-260
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• 2000

The Objective of this research was to construct the multimedia database system that was necessary for the education of the practitioners and the students. To establish this system, there were technical problems as follows 1) The processing of the images, 2) The rapid processing of the information with the computer network, 3) The development of diagnosis tools, 4) The technique to establish the database system, 5) The link between the database system and the internet, and 6) The method to educate through many cases. The analysis for diagnosis and treatment planning were provided as two parts : model analysis and cephalometric analysis. As a model analysis, arch length discrepancy and Bolton tooth ratio were provided for the part of patient information. Cephalometric analyses were provided in the part of initial diagnosis. The Cephalometric analysis ver 2.0 and the PowerCeph pro 3.3.5 were used to show Tweed, Steiner and Jarabak analysis. In the main part, Kim's analysis and some measurements were added. In the post-treatment or retention part, we show the superimposition of the cephalometrics with which you can find the effectiveness of the various orthodontic treatment The address of this home page is "http://damis.snu.ac.kr/orthodontics"

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.143-153
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• 2019

This study This study analyzed the effectiveness of Corporate Entrepreneurship, using Human Capital Corporate Panel (HCCP) data from 2017. The attitude of workers, which is main link in the process of corporate entrepreneurship, has been studied at a singular level at individual and organizational levels due to the lack of data and analysis methods. Multi-level analysis using hierarchical and linear modeling was performed to improve the accuracy of the relationship estimation between variables. In addition, this study examined the moderating effect of the organizational level in the process of entrepreneurship. As a result, corporate entrepreneurship has had a positive effect on job satisfaction and turnover, which is due to the employees attitude and organization. Organizational trust in the process has been shown to perform an important role in the relationship between the corporate entrepreneurship and job satisfaction, and that the relationship between the corporate entrepreneurship and turnover has not been controlled. Based on these results, the implications, limitations, and future research tasks of the study are discussed.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.297-312
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• 2016

The current government strives to train those supposed to drive the national economy, and bridge the gap between qualification and industrial sites through competency-based qualification systems, not the educational background. In this regards, the government is planning to adopt the course evaluation qualification system. The course evaluation qualification system, on a basis of the NCS, is a system to qualify certain people completing the education and training fulling a specific requirement for a national technical qualification in case they meet the internally and externally assessed criteria. This can be seen as an attempt to practically link between job training and qualifications. The NCS model and learning module in the cadastral field are already utilized as the training and eduction in the specialized school and colleges. However, the current national technical qualification system is considered as a main system because the course evaluation qualification system has not been introduced yet. This study analyzed the process of the course evaluation qualification system, and conducted a survey to solicit feedback on introduction of course evaluation qualification system, Besides, the NCS evaluation model is presented in order for the introduction of course evaluation qualification system in the cadastral fields.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.282-292
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• 2003

This paper proposes an efficient data structure for forwarding IPv4 and IPv6 packets at the gigabit speed in backbone routers. The LPM(Longest Prefix Matching) search becomes a bottleneck of routers' performance since the LPM complexity grows in proportion to the forwarding table size and the address length. To speed up the forwarding process, this paper introduces a data structure named BMT(Bit-Map Tie) to minimize the frequent main memory accesses. All the necessary search computations in BMT are done over a small index table stored at cache. To build the small index table from the tie representation of the forwarding table, BMT represents a link pointer to the child node and a node pointer to the corresponding entry in the forwarding table with one bit respectively. To improve the poor performance of the conventional tries when their height becomes higher due to the increase of the address length, BMT adopts a binary search algorithm for determining the appropriate level of tries to start. The simulation experiments show that BMT compacts the IPv4 backbone routers' forwarding table into a small one less than 512-kbyte and achieves the average speed of 250ns/packet on Pentium II processors, which is almost the same performance as the fastest conventional lookup algorithms.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.159-163
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• 2008

Xylogone sphaerospora ${\beta}$-mannanase was purified by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 8.44 units/ml protein, representing an 56.27-folds purification of the original crude extract. The final preparation thus obtained showed a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was determined to be 42kDa. Konjac glucomannan was hydrolyzed by the purified ${\beta}$-mannanase, and then the hydrolysates was separated by activated carbon column chromatography. The main hydrolysates were composed of D.P. (Degree of Polymerization) 3 and 4 glucomannooligosaccharides. For elucidate the structure of D.P 3 and 4 glucomannooligosaccharides, sequential enzymatic action was performed. D.P 3 and 4 were identified as M-G-M and M-M-G-M (G- and M- represent glucosidic and mannosidic link-ages). To investigate the effects of konjac glucomannooligosaccharides on in vitro growth of Bifido-bacterium longum, B. bifidum, B. infantis, B. adolescentis, B. animalis, B. auglutum and B. breve. Bifidobacterium spp. were cultivated individually on the modified-MRS medium containing carbon source such as D.P. 3 and D.P. 4 glucomannooligosaccharides, respectively. B. longum and B. bifidum grew up 3.9-fold and 2.8-fold more effectively by the treatment of D.P. 4 glucomannooligosaccharides, compared to those of standard MRS medium. Especially, D.P. 4 was more effective than D.P. 3 glucomannooligosaccharide on the growth of Bifidobacterium spp.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2017

Background: We sought to determine the association between chronic pain and participating in routine health screening in a low socioeconomic-status (SES) rental-flat community in Singapore. In Singapore, ${\geq}85%$ own homes; public rental flats are reserved for those with low-income. Methods: Chronic pain was defined as pain ${\geq}3$ months. From 2009-2014, residents aged 40-60 years in five public rental-flat enclaves were surveyed for chronic pain; participation in health screening was also measured. We compared them to residents staying in adjacent owner-occupied public housing. We also conducted a qualitative study to better understand the relationship between chronic pain and health screening participation amongst residents in these low-SES enclaves. Results: In the rental-flat population, chronic pain was associated with higher participation in screening for diabetes (aOR = 2.11, CI = 1.36-3.27, P < 0.001), dyslipidemia (aOR = 2.06, CI = 1.25-3.39, P = 0.005), colorectal cancer (aOR = 2.28, CI = 1.18-4.40, P = 0.014), cervical cancer (aOR = 2.65, CI = 1.34-5.23, P = 0.005) and breast cancer (aOR = 3.52, CI = 1.94-6.41, P < 0.001); this association was not present in the owner-occupied population. Three main themes emerged from our qualitative analysis of the link between chronic pain and screening participation: pain as an association of "major illness"; screening as a search for answers to pain; and labelling pain as an end in itself. Conclusions: Chronic pain was associated with higher cardiovascular and cancer screening participation in the low-SES population. In low-SES populations with limited access to pain management services, chronic pain issues may surface during routine health screening.