• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was designed to examine the reliability of the new version of the AJCC staging system (1997) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in comparison with the AJCC staging system of 1992. Materials and Methods :Between 1983 and 1996, 185 patients with histologically proven nasopnaryngeal carcinoma were treated with radiation therapy at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology Seoul National University Hospital. For these patients, AJCC staging system of 1992 was compared with the 1997 version by reviewing hospital records, computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results :5-year overall suwival rates according to the 1992 and 1997 AJCC staging systems were 100$\%$, and 100$\%$ at stage 1: 100$\%$, and 68.8$\%$ at stage 11; 61.4$\%$, and 63.8$\%$ at stage 111; 61.1$\%$, and 63.2$\%$ at stage IV. S-year overall survival rates of each classification showed significant differences between stages (p=0.0049 for the old version, p=0.01 for the new), but no significant difference was found between the staging systems except at stage 11. Conclusion : The new AJCC staging system allows staging as reliably as the 1992 version, but the adequacy of the newly modified staging classification should be confirmed by further clinical examination.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.578-584
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• 2006

A primary choriocarcinoma of the lung is extremely rare, and difficult to distinguish from a metastatic choriocarcinoma considering that the lung is also one of the most frequent sites of metastasis. We report a 28-year-old woman patient who was initially misdiagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy and was operated on under the impression of an unidentified malignancy of the lung, which was finally proven to be a choriocarcinoma of the lung. A pelvic examination by a gynecologist, pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and whole body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography was performed in order to rule out a metastatic choriocarcinoma of the lung. After a curative operation, her serum ${\beta}$-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level, which was highly elevated in the initial evaluation, had decreased dramatically to the normal range. She is currently being followed up regularly without any evidence of recurrence or elevation of her ${\beta}$-HCG level.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.519-522
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• 2014

A 2-year-old, 2 kg Maltese dog was evaluated for progressive tetraparesis and neck pain. The dog had been treated with steroids for the preceding 2 weeks after unknown trauma but was deteriorating progressively and had become tetraparetic. The dog was presented with a non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Radiographic and computed tomographic examinations revealed a transverse C2 fracture with subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint and C2-C3. In addition, hydrocephalus was observed on magnetic resonance imaging. Stabilization of C1-C3 using screws, wires, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was performed. Application of ventral screws, wires, and PMMA resulted in improvement of the clinical signs after 4 weeks, and the dog could walk as before the tetraparesis 6 weeks after the operation. This stabilization method is an effective surgical treatment for management of cervical instability.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.577-583
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• 2017

Objective : Laminoplasty is an effective surgical method for treating cervical degenerative disease. However, postoperative complications such as kyphosis, restriction of neck motion, and instability are often reported. Despite sufficient preoperative lordosis, this procedure often aggravates the lordotic curve of the cervical spine and straightens cervical alignment. Hence, it is important to examine preoperative risk factors associated with postoperative kyphotic alignment changes. Our study aimed to investigate preoperative radiologic parameters associated with kyphotic deformity post laminoplasty. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 49 patients who underwent open door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital between January 2011 and December 2015. Inclusion criteria were as follows : 1) preoperative diagnosis of OPLL or CSM, 2) no previous history of cervical spinal surgery, cervical trauma, tumor, or infection, 3) minimum of one-year follow-up post laminoplasty with proper radiologic examinations performed in outpatient clinics, and 4) cases showing C7 and T1 vertebral body in the preoperative cervical sagittal plane. The radiologic parameters examined included C2-C7 Cobb angles, T1 slope, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), range of motion (ROM) from C2-C7, segmental instability, and T2 signal change observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical factors examined included preoperative modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scores, disease classification, duration of symptoms, and the range of operation levels. Results : Mean preoperative sagittal alignment was $13.01^{\circ}$ lordotic; $6.94^{\circ}$ lordotic postoperatively. Percentage of postoperative kyphosis was 80%. Patients were subdivided into two groups according to postoperative Cobb angle change; a control group (n=22) and kyphotic group (n=27). The kyphotic group consisted of patients with more than $5^{\circ}$ kyphotic angle change postoperatively. There were no differences in age, sex, C2-C7 Cobb angle, T1 slope, C2-C7 SVA, ROM from C2-C7, segmental instability, or T2 signal change. Multiple regression analysis revealed T1 slope had a strong relationship with postoperative cervical kyphosis. Likewise, correlation analysis revealed there was a statistical significance between T1 slope and postoperative Cobb angle change (p=0.035), and that there was a statistically significant relationship between T1 slope and C2-C7 SVA (p=0.001). Patients with higher preoperative T1 slope demonstrated loss of lordotic curvature postoperatively. Conclusion : Laminoplasty has a high probability of aggravating sagittal balance of the cervical spine. T1 slope is a good predictor of postoperative kyphotic changes of the cervical spine. Similarly, T1 slope is strongly correlated with C2-C7 SVA.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.200-203
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• 2017

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders which disrupt the afferent and efferent pathways of the cerebellum that cause cerebellar ataxia. Spectrin beta non-erythrocytic 2 (SPTBN2) gene encodes the ${\beta}-III$ spectrin protein with high expression in Purkinje cells that is involved in excitatory glutamate signaling through stabilization of the glutamate transporter, and its mutation is known to cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 5. Three years and 5 months old boy with delayed development showed leukodystrophy and cerebellar atrophy in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diagnostic exome sequencing revealed that the patient has heterozygous mutation in SPTBN2 (p.Glu1251Gln) which is a causative genetic mutation for spinocerebellar ataxia type 5. With the patient's clinical findings, it seems reasonable to conclude that p.Glu1251Gln mutation of SPTBN2 gene caused spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 in this patient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2021

The object of this research is CS, which increases resolution while shortening inspection time, is applied to MRA to compare the quality of images for SENSE and CS techniques and to evaluate SNR and CNR to find out the optimal techniques and to provide them as clinical basic data based on this information. Data were analyzed on 32 patients who performed TOF MRA tests at a university hospital in Chung cheong-do (15 males, 17 females), ICA stenosis:10, M1 Aneurysm:10, and average age 53 ± 4.15). In the inspection, the inspection equipment was Ingenia CX 3.0T, Archieva 3.0T, and 32 channel head coil and 3D gradient echo as a method for equipment data. SNR and CNR of each image were measured by quantitative analysis, and the quality of the image was evaluated by dividing the observer's observation into 5 grades for qualitative evaluation. Imaging evaluation is described as being significant when the p-value is 0.05 or less when the paired T-test and Wilcoxon test are performed. Quantitative analysis of SNR and CNR in TOF MRA images Compared to the SENSE method, the CS method is a method measurement method (p <0.05). As an observer's evaluation, the sharpness of blood vessels: CS (4.45 ± 0.41), overall image quality: CS (4.77 ± 0.18), background suppression of images: CS (4.57 ± 0.18) all resulted in high CS technique (p = 0.000). In conclusion, the Compressed SENSE TOF MRA technique shows superior results when comparing and evaluating the SENSE and Compressed SENSE techniques in increased flow rate magnetic resonance angiography. The results are thought to be the clinical basis material in the 3D TOF MRA examination for brain disease.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-63
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of lumbar spinal herniated intervertebral Disc on MRI accompanying or not High-intensive zone(HIZ) by Korean Medical Combination Treatment Methods : 324 patients who received inpatient treatment from January 2017 to September 2017 in the Daejeon-Jaseng of Korean Medicine Hospital were divided into 2 groups by High-intensive zone(HIZ) confirmed with a Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging. All patients received a combination of treatment including acupunture, chuna manual therapy, pharmacopunture, herbal medication. They were compared and analyzed on the basis of improvement between measuring Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol-5 Dimension Index (EQ5D Index), physical examination as they were hospitalized and as they were discharged. The statistically significance was evaluated by SPSS 18.0 for windows. Results : After treatment, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol-5 Dimension Index (EQ5D Index), physical examination was improved respectively. But there was no statistically significance between 2 group's improvement after treatment. Conclusions : After inpatient treatment by Korean Medical Combination Treatment, Most patient's pain, disability and Health Related Quality of Life was improved significantly. But there was no statistically difference between accompanying or not High-intensive zone(HIZ). So We think that future research of higher quality and correct statistics shall be necessary.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was based on the Korean Foot and Ankle Society (KFAS) member survey and aimed to report the current trends in the management of syndesmotic injuries over the last few decades. Materials and Methods: A web-based questionnaire containing 36 questions was sent to all KFAS members in September 2021. The questions were mainly related to the preferred techniques and clinical experiences in the treatment of patients with syndesmotic injuries. Answers with a prevalence ≥50% of respondents were considered a tendency. Results: Seventy-six (13.8%) of the 550 members responded to the survey. The results showed that the most preferred method to diagnose a syndesmotic injury was magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Intraoperatively, the external rotation stress test and the Cotton test were most frequently used to confirm syndesmotic diastasis. The reduction was usually done by a reduction clamp. One 3.5-mm screw was used most frequently over three cortices at 2~4 cm above the ankle joint. The preferred ankle position during fixation was 0° dorsiflexion. Removal of the syndesmotic screw was routinely done by most surgeons, mainly because of the limitation of movement and risk of screw breakage. Factors that affect suture button selection included non-rigid fixation which enables adequate fixation, early weight-bearing, and an infrequent need to remove the hardware. Inadequate reduction was considered the main factor that affects poor prognosis. Conclusion: This study proposes updated information about the current trends in the management of syndesmotic injuries in Korea. Consensuses in both the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patients with syndesmotic injury were identified in this survey study. This study may raise the awareness of the various possible approaches toward the injury and should be used to further establish a standard protocol for the management of syndesmotic injuries.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.137-143
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• 2021

Objectives: Despite the growing concern regarding the adverse effects related to problematic smartphone use (PSU), little is known about underlying morphologic changes in the brain. The brainstem is a deep brain structure that consists of several important nuclei associated with emotions, sensations, and motor functions. In this study, we sought to examine the difference in the volume of brainstem substructures among adolescents with and without PSU. Methods: A total of 87 Korean adolescents participated in this study. The PSU group (n=20, age=16.2±1.1, female:male=12:8) was designated if participants reported a total Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS) score of ≥42, whereas the remaining participants were assigned to the control group (n=67, age=15.3±1.7, female:male=19:48). High-resolution T1 magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and the volume of each of the four brainstem substructures [midbrain, pons, medulla, and superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP)] was measured. Analysis of covariance was conducted to reveal group differences after adjusting for effects of age, gender, whole brainstem volume, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity. Results: The PSU group showed a significantly smaller volume of the SCP than the control group (F=8.273, p=0.005). The volume of the SCP and the SAPS score were negatively correlated (Pearson's r=-0.218, p=0.047). Conclusion: The present study is the first to reveal an altered volume of the brainstem substructure among adolescents with PSU. This finding suggests that the altered white matter structure in the brainstem could be one of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying behavioral changes in PSU.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.1
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• pp.190-196
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• 2020

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare inflammatory reaction, characterized by lipid-laden macrophages, known as xanthomas, in histopathologic examination. Aggressive xanthogranulomatous inflammation often manifests as local infiltration but does not affect distant organs unless combined with rare systemic diseases. We report a case of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) associated with severe xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Focal XGP was suspected in radiologic examination that showed a cystic lesion with an infiltrative margin, which were surgically resected and confirmed in pathologic examination. To our knowledge, this is the first report of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis associated with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Moreover, we found peripheral hypointensity around the cystic lesion in the T2-weighted image, probably reflecting hemorrhage and fibrosis of the xanthogranulomatous inflammation.