• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2011

Purpose: The present study compared the difference between intraoperative transrectal ultrasound (iTRUS)-based prostate volume and preplan computed tomography (CT), preplan magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based prostate volume to estimate the number of seeds needed for appropriate dose coverage in permanent brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Between March 2007 and March 2011, among 112 patients who underwent permanent brachytherapy with $^{125}I$, 60 image scans of 56 patients who underwent preplan CT (pCT) or preplan MRI (pMRI) within 2 months before brachytherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-four cases among 30 cases with pCT and 26 cases among 30 cases with pMRI received neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT). In 34 cases, NHT started after acquisition of preplan image. The median duration of NHT after preplan image acquisition was 17 and 21 days for cases with pCT and pMRI, respectively. The prostate volume calculated by different modalities was compared. And retrospective planning with iTRUS image was performed to estimate the number of $^{125}I$ seed required to obtain recommended dose distribution according to prostate volume. Results: The mean difference in prostate volume was 9.05 mL between the pCT and iTRUS and 6.84 mL between the pMRI and iTRUS. The prostate volume was roughly overestimated by 1.36 times with pCT and by 1.33 times with pMRI. For 34 cases which received NHT after image acquisition, the prostate volume was roughly overestimated by 1.45 times with pCT and by 1.37 times with pMRI. A statistically significant difference was found between preplan image-based volume and iTRUS-based volume (p<0.001). The median number of wasted seeds is approximately 13, when the pCT or pMRI volume was accepted without modification to assess the required number of seeds for brachytherapy. Conclusion: pCT-based volume and pMRI-based volume tended to overestimate prostate volume in comparison to iTRUS-based volume. To reduce wasted seeds and cost of the brachytherapy, we should take the volume discrepancy into account when we estimate the number of $^{125}I$ seeds for permanent brachytherapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2012

Purpose: The relationship between treatment outcomes, alteration of the expression of biological markers, and tumor volume response during radiotherapy (RT) in patients with uterine cervical cancer was analyzed. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma received definitive RT with (n = 17) or without (n = 3) concurrent chemotherapy. Tumor volumes were measured by three serial magnetic resonance imaging scans at pre-, mid-, and post-RT. Two serial punch biopsies were performed at pre- and mid-RT, and immunohistochemical staining for cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor was performed. The median follow-up duration was 60 months. Results: The median tumor volume response at mid-RT (V2R) was 0.396 (range, 0.136 to 0.983). At mid-RT, an interval increase in the distribution of immunoreactivity for COX-2 was observed in 8 patients, and 6 of them showed poor mid-RT tumor volume response ($V2R{\geq}0.4$). Four (20%) patients experienced disease progression after 10 to 12 months (median, 11 months). All 4 patients had poor mid-RT tumor volume response (p = 0.0867) and 3 of them had an interval increase in COX-2 expression. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) decreased in patients with $V2R{\geq}0.4$ (p = 0.0291 for both). An interval increase in COX-2 expression at mid-RT was also associated with a decreased survival (p = 0.1878 and 0.1845 for OS and PFS, respectively). Conclusion: Poor tumor volume response and an interval increase in COX-2 expression at mid-RT decreased survival outcomes in patients with uterine cervical cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2000

Positron Emission Tomography(PET) is a new diagnostic method that can create functional images of the distribution of positron emitting radionuclides, which when administered intravenously in the body, makes possible anatomical and functional analysis by quantity of biochemical and physiological process. After genetic and biochemical changes in initial stage, malignant tumor undergoes functional changes before undergoing anatomical changes. So, early diagnosis of malignant tumors by functional analysis with PET can be achieved, replacing traditional anatomical analysis, such as computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance image(MRI), etc. Similarly, PET can identify malignant tumor without confusion with scar and fibrosis in follow up check. In the Korea Cancer Center Hospital(KCCH) from October 1997 to September 1999, clinical study was performed in 79 cases that underwent 89 times PET evaluation with [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose for diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial tumors, and the data was analysed by Bayesian $2{\times}2$ Classification Table. The results were as follows : Evaluation for initial diagnosis with FDG-PET (P<0.005) 1. Agreement rate or accuracy rate is 88.9%. 2. Sensitivity is 95.2%, and specificity 66.7%. 3. Positive predictive rate is 90.9%, and negative predictive rate 80.0%. 4. In consideration of tumor stage, diagnostic rate in less than stage II was 90% and in greater than stage III 100%. 5. In consideration of tumor size, diagnostic rate in less than T2 was 92.3% and in greater than T3 100%. After primary treatment, evaluation for follow up check with FDG-PET (P < 0.001) 1. Agreement rate or accuracy rate is 85.4%. 2. Sensitivity is 87.5%, and specificity 82.4%. 3. Positive predictive rate is 87.5%, and negative predictive rate 82.4%. 4. In 24 recurred cases, 6 had distant metastasis, and 5 of them were diagnosed with FDG-PET, resulting in diagnostic rate of FDG-PET of 83.3%. From the above results, Positron Emission Tomography with [18F]- Fluorodeoxyglucose appears to be more sensitive and accurate for detecting the presence of oral and maxillofacial tumors, and has various clinical applications such as early diagnosis of tumor in initial and follow up check and detection of distant metastasis.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.402-410
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 IRAS 07280-1829 적외선원과 이를 둘러싸고 있는 분자운에 대해 수행된 $^{12}CO$와 $^{13}CO$ 1-0 분자선 관측결과와 기존의 적외선 자료를 이용하여 이 적외선원의 생성환경에 관해 연구하였다. 관측자료로부터 얻어진 적외선원의 파장별 에너지분포의 기울기(${\alpha}$=1.16)와 복사온도(145 K), 그리고 광도(${\sim}2.9{\times}10^4L_{\odot}$)는 이 적외선 천체가 CLASS I형의 중량급원시성임을 의미한다. 이 적외선원방향에서 관측된 두 CO 분자선에서 보이는 넓은 속도 성분은 분자분출류의 존재를 암시한다. 적외선원을 감싸고 있으리라 짐작되는 분자운A에서 측정된 여기온도는 9-22 K, 질량은 약 ~180 $M_{\odot}$인 것으로 보아 이 분자운이 전형적인 적외선 암흑분자운(Infrared-dark clouds)의 물리적 특성을 가짐을 보았다. 이 분자운의 질량은 비리알 질량보다 10배 이상 작은 값으로 계산되었는데 이것은 여기에 어린 원시성이 이미 생성되고 있다는 관측사실에 모순된다. 이는 아마도 분자운A가 교란운동(turbulence) 혹은 강한 자기장에 의해 지배되는 환경 가운데에 중량급원시성 IRAS 07280-1829을 생성하고 있음을 의미하는 것 일수도 있는 것으로 해석하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2002

지하에 매설된 각종 시설물의 위치 및 깊이를 조사하기 위한 비파괴적인 조사방법으로 GPR(Ground Penetrating Radar; 지하투과레이다; 지하레이다) 탐사법이 국내외적으로 많이 활용되고 있으나, 가탐심도가 일반적적로 5m이내로서 낮으며, 지하매질이 불균질하거나 점토, 염분, 자갈 등이 많은 곳 및 주변의 전자기적 잡음이 심한 곳에서는 조사가 안 되는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 비파괴 GPR 탐사법의 제약을 극복하고자 일반적인 매설심도(물리탐사적으로는 얕은 곳)에 위치한 지하매설물임에도 불구하고 탐지가 안 되는 지역을 선정하여, 토질분석에 의해 탐사가 되지 않는 원인규명과 함께 효과적으로 지하매설물을 탐지할 수 있는 새로운 비파괴 전자(電磁) 탐사법을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 2kHz-4MHz 대역의 지하조사를 위한 고주파수대역 전자탐사법을 개발, 적용하였다. 고주파수대역 전자 탐사는 주파수대역 탐사이며 인공적으로 에너지원(源)을 방출하는 능동적인 탐사법으로서 가탐심도는 약30m 정도이다. 서로 수직한 전기장과 자기장을 측정하여 임피던스를 계산하며, 이로부터 측점 하부의 수직적인 전기비저항 분포를 해석하게 된다. 또한, 비접촉 용량전극을 채택하여 측정시간을 대폭 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 콘크리트, 아스팔트 및 잡석으로 포장된 지역에서도 조사가 용이하며, 신호중첩에 의해 고압선 등에 의한 잡음을 감소시킬 수 있게 되었다. 다른 탐사방법으로는 발견할 수 없었던 지하매설관에 대해서 본 고주파수대역 전자탐사를 성공적으로 정밀하게 적용할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 지하매설물의 위치 및 깊이 확인을 위한 정밀 지하측량 지반조사 및 문화 유적지조사 등에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2005

We propose a method to measure atrial arrhythmias (AA) such as atrial fibrillation (Afb) and atrial flutter (Afl) with a SQUID magnetocardiograph (MCG) system. To detect AA is one of challenging topics in MCG. As the AA generally have irregular rhythm and atrio-ventricular conduction, the MCG signal cannot be improved by QRS averaging; therefore a SQUID MCG system having a high SNR is required to measure informative atrial excitation with a single scan. In the case of Afb, diminished f waves are much smaller than normal P waves because the sources are usually located on the posterior wall of the heart. In this study, we utilize an MCG system measuring tangential field components, which is known to be more sensitive to a deeper current source. The average noise spectral density of the whole system in a magnetic shielded room was $10\;fT/{\surd}Hz(a)\;1\;Hz\;and\;5\;fT/{\surd}Hz\;(a)\;100\;Hz$. We measured the MCG signals of patients with chronic Afb and Afl. Before the AA measurement, the comparison between the measurements in supine and prone positions for P waves has been conducted and the experiment gave a result that the supine position is more suitable to measure the atrial excitation. Therefore, the AA was measured in subject's supine position. Clinical potential of AA measurement in MCG is to find an aspect of a reentry circuit and to localize the abnormal stimulation noninvasively. To give useful information about the abnormal excitation, we have developed a method, separative synthetic aperture magnetometry (sSAM). The basic idea of sSAM is to visualize current source distribution corresponding to the atrial excitation, which are separated from the ventricular excitation and the Gaussian sensor noises. By using sSAM, we localized the source of an Afl successfully.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1087-1093
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to survey the effectiveness of oriental medicine treatment on lumbar herniated intervertebral disc and spondylolisthesis. The clinical study was performed on 32 cases of patients with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc and spondylolisthesis as diagnosed by X-ray, Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) exams amongst the patients who were admitted to Jaseng Hospital of Oriental Medicine from January 2010 to June 2010. 32 cases of patients were analyzed according to the distribution of sex, age, duration of disease, contributory factor, symptoms, admission period, disc herniation type and level of spondylolisthesis. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated respectively. The number of the female patients were larger than that of male with the ratio of 1:0.6. Most of the patients were in their fifties(43.8%), choronic phase(46.9%), those patients suffered from lower back pain and leg pain radiation(90.6%), reasons unknown(56.3%). Most of them also had mixed disc(37.5%), bulging disc(37.5%) and spondylolisthesis of LS on L5(50.0%). Most of them stayed in the hospital for 21-25days. After treatment, the percentage with good improvement was 62.5%, fair 18.8%, poor 12.5%, and excellent 6.3%, respectively. Oriental medicine treatment has on useful effect on the recovery of lumbar herniated intervertebral disc with spondylolisthesis.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2005

Failure of the urachus to regress completely results in anomalies that may be classified as patent urachus, urachal sinus, urachal cyst and bladder diverticula. The presenting symptoms of children with urachal anomalies are variable and uniform guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are lacking. The purpose of this study was to analyze our experience and develop conclusions regarding the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of urachal anomalies. We retrospectively analyzed the records of 32 patients who were admitted for urachal anomalies from March 1995 to February 2005. The age distribution of these patients at presentation ranged from 1 day to 14 years old (median age 1 month). There were 20 boys and 12 girls. The 32 cases comprised 13 cases of urachal sinus (40.6 %), 10 urachal cyst (31.3 %), and 9 patent urchus (28.1 %). In 30 patients ultrasonography was used for diagnosis and 2 patients with patent urachus were explored without using a diagnostic method. Twenty-three patients were confirmed by ultrasonography alone and 7 patients were examined using additional modalities, namely, computed tomography for 2 patients with an urachal cyst, magnetic resonance imaging for 1 patient with an urachal cyst, and fistulography for 3 patients with an urachal sinus. The presenting symptoms were umbilical discharge (14 patients), umbilical granuloma (8), abdominal pain and fever (3), fever (3), abdominal pain (2), and a low abdominal mass (2). Excision was performed in 29 patients, and 3 patients were conservatively managed. Urachal anomalies in children most frequently presented in neonates, and the most common complaint was umbilical discharge with infection. Urachal anomalies can be diagnosed by a physical examination and an appropriate radiographic test. Ultrasound was the most useful diagnostic method. Complete surgical excision of an urachal anomaly is recommended to avoid recurrence, and the rare development of carcinoma.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.405-410
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• 1996

방사광 광전자분광법을 이용하여 $Co_{x}Pd_{100-x}$ 합금박막들(x = 0, 25, 40, 65)의 가전자띠 스펙트럼들을 측정하고, Co 3d 전자와 Pd 4d 전자들에 의한 각각의 부분스펙트럼 무게분포(partial spectral weight distribution : PSW)를 결정하였다. Co-Pd 합금박막에서의 Co 3d PSW는 수직자기이방성을 나타내는 영역에 해당하는 Co 함량 25% 이하에서 순수 Co 박막의 스펙트럼과 상당히 다른 구조를 보인 반면, Co 함량이 약 40% 이상이 되면 순수 Co 박막의 PES스펙트럼과 거의 일치하였다. Co 함량이 25% 이하의 Co 3d PSW에서 관찰된 페르미준위 근처의 봉우리 구조와 결합에너지 2 eV 근처의 어깨구조는 혼성에 의한 Co 3d 전자구조의 변화를 반영한다. 따라서 Co 3d 전자와 Pd 4d 전자 간의 혼성상호작용이 수직자기이방성의 결정에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 추측되었다. Co-Pd 합금박막에서의 Pd 4d PSW는 순수 Pd 스펙트럼에 비하여 그 폭이 넓고, 주 봉우리의 결합에너지가 크며, 페르미준위에서의 스펙트럼의 세기가 작게 관찰되었다. 그리고 Pd 함량이 감소함에 따라 Pd 4d PSW의 반치폭이 증가하였는데, 이러한 결과는 Co-Pd 합금이 형성될 때의 무질서 효과 또는 Co 3d 전자와 Pd 4d 전자간의 혼성상 호작용으로 인한 Pd 4d 전자구조의 변화를 반영하는 것으로 추측되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2012

Background: The common causes of lower back pain with or without leg pain includes disk disease and spinal stenosis. A definitive diagnosis is usually made by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but treatment is often difficult because the MRI findings are not consistent with the symptoms of the patient in many cases. The objective of this study was to observe the correlation between the patterns of epidurography performed in patients having lower back pain with or without leg pain and the position or severity of the pain as subjectively described by the patients. Methods: The subjects of this study were 69 outpatients with lower back pain with or without leg pain who visited our clinic and complained of predominant pain on one side. We performed caudal epidural block using an image intensifier. A mixture of the therapeutic drug and the contrast agent (10 ml) was injected to observe the contrast flow pattern. The patients who complained of predominant pain on one side were divided into the left side group and the right side group. A judgment of inconsistency was made if the contrast agent flowed to the side of the pain, while a judgment of consistency was made if the contrast agent flowed to the opposite side of the pain. The degree of the drug distribution was evaluated by counting the number of cells to which the contrast agent's flowed for evaluating the correlation between the contrasted cell and the severity of pain (one group ${\leq}$ VAS 7, the other group ${\geq}$ VAS 8) the degree of the contrast agent's contrast was evaluated by dividing and counting an image into 15 cells (the left, right, and middle sections at each level of L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3). Results: Thirty out of the 69 patients who had laterality in pain, that is, those who complained of predominant pain on one side, showed that the laterality of the pain and the contrast agent flow was consistent, while 39 patients showed that the laterality was inconsistent (P: 0.137). The evaluation of the correlation between the pain and the contrast agent flow showed that the mean number of contrasted cells was $9.0{\pm}2.2$ for the 46 patients in the group with a VAS of 7 or lower and $6.5{\pm}2.0$ for the 23 patients in the group with a VAS of 8 or higher, indicating that the former group showed a significantly greater number of contrasted cells (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study, conducted with patients having lower back pain with or without leg pain, showed that the contrast flow pattern of caudal epidurography had a significant correlation with the severity of the pain but not with the laterality of the pain.