• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.406-411
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• 2006

New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) shows very sensitive responses to different light conditions. Due to these phenomena, testers of DUS (distinctness, uniformity and stability) for granting plant variety protection right often have problems distinguishing genetic or physiological differences. New Guinea impatiens 'Fishlimp 149' was grown under several light intensities in a rain-sheltered vinyl house to observe differences of plant growth and flowering. As compared with the control (avg. $1,010{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$), treatments of shade-1 (avg. $599{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) and shade-2 (avg. $88{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) showed increased plant height, plant width, leaf size and pedicel length. On the contrary, these growth parameters decreased in shade-3 (avg. $30{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) with the lowest light intensity. Shade-1 treatment enhanced flower characteristics such as flower diameter, upper petal width, side petal width and lower petal length. However, these characteristics were suppressed by lower light intensities than that in shade-1. Anthocyanin contents of shoot, leaf and pedicel decreased with increasing shading, but that of flower petal was the greatest of the shade-1 treatment. Shade-1 treatment showed the greatest Hunter a value analyzed by a colorimeter, and L and b values increased with increasing shading. Shade-1 treatment seemed to be provided the most proper light condition for DUS test of New Guinea impatiens. Additionally, anthocyanin accumulation on New Guinea impatiens during DUS test was due to not genetic differences but physiological phenomenon.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.499-506
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• 2001

불완전하게 충전되거나 충전이 되지않은 isthmus는 다근치에 있어서 근관치료의 높은 실패율을 나타낸다 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 isthmus를 갖는 근관을 골라 근관계의 기구조작을 시행하고 여러 가지 근관충전 방법을 이용하여 근관을 충전한 다음 근단부 형성시 적절한 파일의 크기와 치근단부의 밀폐효과를 각 부위별로 비교평가 해보고자 하는 것이다. Isthmus를 갖는 66개의 발거한 치아를 대상으로 기구조작을 통하여 근관확대를 완성하고 무작위로 각각 20개씩 3군으로 분류한 다음 아래와 같은 방법으로 근관을 충전하였다. : A군 측방가압충전법으로 충전한 군, B군 Continuous wave 충전법으로 충전한 군, C군 MicroSeal$^{TM}$을 이용하여 충전한 군. 나머지 6개의 치아는 3개씩 양성대조군과 음성대조군으로 정하였으며 기구조작 후 근관은 충전하지 않은 채로 두었다. 대조군을 제외한 모든 군은 각각 제조회사의 지시에 따라 근관충전한 후 각 시편의 치근단부 2mm를 제외하고 나머지 부위는 두겹의 nail polish를 발라주었으며 2% methylene blue용액에 침잠시켰다 일주일 후 꺼내어 흐르는 물에 깨끗이 세척한 다음 치근단 부위에서부터 1mm씩 잘라가면서 20배의 배율에서 염색액의 침투정도를 평가하였다. 염색액의 침투정도는 다음과 같이 평가되었다. A군과 B군에서는 많은 수의 시편에서 4mm 이상의 절단면에 염색액의 침투를 보인 반면 C군에서는 단지 3mm절단면에서 총 20개 중 3개의 시편에서 염색액의 침투를 보였을 뿐 그 이상의 절단면에서는 염색액의 침투를 보이지 않았다. 뿐만 아니라 isthmus를 갖는 제2형 근관계의 근단부 형성은 40번 크기보다는 큰 MAF가 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 비추어볼 때 isthmus를 갖는 다근치에서 근관충전시 적어도 40번 이상의 MAF로 근단부 형성을 한 후, 열가소성 Continuous wave 충전법과 MicroSeal$^{TM}$을 이용한 근관충전법이 기존의 측방가압충전법 보다는 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1351-1358
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• 2009

Parentage tests using polymorphic DNA marker are commonly performed to avoid incorrect recording of the parental information of livestock animals, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are becoming the method of choice. In Japanese Black cattle, parentage tests based on the exclusion method using microsatellite markers are currently conducted; however, an alternative SNP system aimed at parentage tests has recently been developed. In the present study, two types of simulations were conducted using the pedigree data of two subpopulations in the breed (subpopulations of Hyogo and Shimane prefectures) in order to examine the effect of actual genetic and breeding structures. The first simulation (simulation 1) investigated the usefulness of SNPs for excluding a close relative of the true sire; the second one (simulation 2) investigated the accuracy of sire identification tests for multiple full-sib putative sires by a combined method of exclusion and paternity assignment based on the LOD score. The success rates of excluding a single fullsib and sire of the true sires were, respectively, 0.9915 and 0.9852 in Hyogo and 0.9848 and 0.9852 in Shimane, when 50 SNPs with minor allele frequency (MAF: q) of 0.25${\leq}$q${\leq}$0.35 were used in simulation 1. The success rates of sire identification tests based solely on the exclusion method were relatively low in simulation 2. However, assuming that 50 SNPs with MAF of 0.25${\leq}$q${\leq}$0.35 or 0.45${\leq}$q${\leq}$0.5 were available, the total success rates including achievements due to paternity assignment were, respectively, 0.9430 and 0.9681 in Hyogo and 0.8999 and 0.9399 for Shimane, even when each true sire was assumed to compete with 50 full-sibs.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.69-87
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• 2014

This paper suggests a conditional simulation framework based on multiple data transformations for geostatistical simulation of compositional data. First, log-ratio transformation is applied to original compositional data in order to apply conventional statistical methodologies. As for the next transformations that follow, minimum/maximum autocorrelation factors (MAF) and indicator transformations are sequentially applied. MAF transformation is applied to generate independent new variables and as a result, an independent simulation of individual variables can be applied. Indicator transformation is also applied to non-parametric conditional cumulative distribution function modeling of variables that do not follow multi-Gaussian random function models. Finally, inverse transformations are applied in the reverse order of those transformations that are applied. A case study with surface sediment compositions in tidal flats is carried out to illustrate the applicability of the presented simulation framework. All simulation results satisfied the constraints of compositional data and reproduced well the statistical characteristics of the sample data. Through surface sediment classification based on multiple simulation results of compositions, the probabilistic evaluation of classification results was possible, an evaluation unavailable in a conventional kriging approach. Therefore, it is expected that the presented simulation framework can be effectively applied to geostatistical simulation of various compositional data.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.606-613
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• 1998

Cadmium is one of the well-known environmental toxicants and induces cancer in rodents and human, but its carcinogenic mechanism has not been well demonstrated until now. Genotoxic effects of cadmium in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and TA1535/pSK1002 or in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells were investigated to elucidate the tumor initiating effects of cadmium. TA98, TA100 and TA1535/pSK1002 tester strains were used to detect frameshift mutation, base-pair mutation and SOS repair response, respectively, in Salmonella mutation test. Reverse mutations from histidine to $histidin^+$ of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 by $CdCl_2$ were not significantly different from control up to the maximum doses ($100{\mu}M$ and $200{\mu}M$ in TA98 and TA100, respectively) at which non-cytotoxicity was observed. DNA SOS repair responses(${\beta}$-galactosidase activity) generally did not show significant increases compared to control in both of the conditions with or without metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 by $CdCl_2$. But the activities of ${\beta}$-galactosidase by $400{\mu}M$ of $CdCl_2$ in metabolic activation condition and by 130 and $400{\mu}M$ of $CdCl_2$ in non-metabolic activation condition were more decreased than those of control. DNA single strand breaks for 4hrs were observed only in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells treated with $200{\mu}M$ of $CdCl_2$. As a conclusion, $CdCl_2$ did not induce gene mutation in microbials but induce DNA single strand breaks in rat liver epithelial cells.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.257-265
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• 2019

Multi-axial forging (MAF), a severe plastic deformation technique, is known to be difficult to obtain materials with homogeneous microstructures. Recently, multi-axial diagonal forging (MADF) process has been developed to solve this problem. In this study, in order to compare the microstructural and mechanical homogeneities of the MAFed and MADFed samples, oxygen-free copper (OFC) cubes measuring 25 mm in length were deformed through MAF and MADF processes and the average grain size and hardness were measured at the edge, face, and center regions of the samples. In the MAFed samples, ultrafine grains were formed at the center region, but a considerable amount of coarse grains remain at the face region. Therefore, the MAFed samples showed a high inhomogeneity in regards to grain size and hardness. On the contrary, in the case of the MADFed sample, the grain sizes at the edge, face, and center regions were similar and the hardness in all the regions are almost similar. This indicates that the MADFed sample has a homogeneous microstructure and uniform mechanical properties, which can be attributed to the homogeneous distribution of the effective strain throughout the material. The results of this study suggests that the MADF is a suitable process in the fabrication of high-strength copper materials with a homogeneous and ultrafine grain structure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2016.04a
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• pp.883-886
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 장기투약자의 복약 관리 시스템 개발의 기초 연구로 Textile proximity pressure sensor를 개발하였고, 약통의 무게 감지를 통하여 약의 복용 여부를 판별하는 연구를 수행하였다. 실험은 총 2가지로, 약의 개수에 따른 baseline검출 실험과 약 한알의 무게 도출 실험을 수행하였다. 잡음을 제거하기 위해 5 point의 이동평균필터(MAF: Moving average filter)를 적용하였다. 본 논문을 통해 얻은 결과는 차후 장기 투약이 필요한 환자로 하여금 규칙적으로 약을 복용하도록 하여 만성질환의 완치율을 높이는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2012

In this paper, the application of robust fuel gauge algorithm in the external environment to general fuel gauge system is proposed. The proposed fuel gauge system is composed of two modules which are Moving Average Filter (MAF) and Inclination Filter (IF). They are used to show correctly the amount of fuel in the external environment which are curve road, slope or acceleration/deceleration driving. In parallel, verification and validation processes using Software In the Loop Simulation (SILS) in personal computer and Hardware In the Loop Simulation (HILS) similar to actual vehicle environments are established. Through this research, it turned out to be possible to operation of gauge become correct of external environment.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.303-320
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• 2004

Comprehensive rural village development projects were launched by MAF(Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry) and KARICO (Korea Agricultural and Rural Infrastructure Cooperation). Since 2004, they received much attention for rural development policy, such as the bottom-up approach, inducing participation of residents and enhancing regional capacity. However, there still remain several problems to be solved. The purpose of this study was to suggest methodologies to facilitate residents' participation in comprehensive rural village development projects by literature review. The core problems of comprehensive rural village development projects in the planning stage were the conflicts among residents and the lack of resident capacity for rural development. Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made to facilitate the residents' participation. In order to reinforce the residents' participation, the mediating skills of conflicts among residents and the strategies for strengthening the residents' capacity should be introduced in comprehensive rural village development projects.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.243-255
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• 2005

The "leading farms" or "superior management farms" were relatively capable to overcome various limitations in rapidly changing agricultural environment and economic conditions, and quick to adopt agricultural management innovations and accomplish more compared to the other farms in shorter durations. The farmers from these "leading farms" were innovative and dynamic, and endowed with potentials to be the core leaders in rural society. Their adaptability created a difference and worthy of emulations. The purpose of this research was to propose a policy to develop, promote and sustain these leading farms. There were some problems in communication structures and in implementing agricultural policies for upbringing leading farmers. In coordination with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry(MAF) and Rural Development Administration (RDA), this article attempted to come up with workable strategies to solve these problems affecting the leading farms.