• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.185-197
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• 2019

Deactivation of porous photocatalytic materials was studied using three types of microstructured particles: macroporous titania particles, titania microspheres, and porous silica microspheres containing CNTs and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles. All particles were synthesized by emulsion-assisted self-assembly using micron-sized droplets as micro-reactors. During repeated cycles of the photocatalytic decomposition reaction, the non-dimensionalized initial rate constants (a) were estimated as a function of UV irradiation time (t) from experimental kinetics data, and the results were plotted for a regression according to the exponentially decaying equation, $a=a_0\;{\exp}(-k_dt)$. The retardation constant ($k_d$) was then compared for macroporous titania microparticles with different pore diameters to examine the effect of pore size on photocatalytic deactivation. Nonporous or larger macropores resulted in smaller values of the deactivation constant, indicating that the adsorption of organic materials during the photocatalytic decomposition reaction hinders the generation of active radicals from the titania surface. A similar approach was adopted to evaluate the activation constant of porous silica particles containing CNT and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles to compare the deactivation during recycling of the photocatalyst. As the amount of CNTs increased, the deactivation constant decreased, indicating that the conductive CNTs enhanced the generation of active radicals in the aqueous medium during photocatalytic oxidation.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

The common algae and industrial waste, chlorella and red mud, were co-pyrolyzed in carbon dioxide condition to fabricate iron-biochar composite. In order to investigate the direct effect of chlorella and red mud in the syngas generation and the property of biochar, experiments were performed using mixture samples of chlorella and red mud. The evolution of flammable gasses (H₂, CH₄, CO) was monitored during pyrolysis. The produced biochar composite was employed as a catalyst for persulfate activation for methylene blue removal. BET analysis indicated that the iron-biochar composite mainly possessed meso- and macropores. The XRD analysis revealed that hematite (Fe₂O₃) contained in red mud was transformed to Fe₃O₄ during co-pyrolysis. The composite effectively activated persulfate and removed methylene blue. Among the composite samples, the composite fabricated from the mixture composed of 1:2 chlorella:red mud showed the best performance in syngas generation and methylene blue removal.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2005

Methods used to study carbon sequestration by soil aggregates have often excluded the concentric spatial variability and other dynamic processes that contribute to resource accessibility and solute transport within aggregates. We investigated the spatial gradients of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from the exterior to interior layers within macroaggregates, $6.3\sim9.5$ mm, sampled from conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) sites of a Hoytville silt clay loam. Spatial gradients in C accumulation within macroaggregates were related to the differences in C dynamics by determining the sizes and the turnover rates of fast C and slow C pools in the concentric layers of aggregates. Aggregate exteriors contained more labile C and were characterized by greater C mineralization rates than their interiors in both management systems. In contrast, C in the interior layers of aggregates was more resistant in both systems. These results indicated the spatial differentiation of C dynamics within macroaggregates, i.e., exterior layers as a reactive site and interior layers as a protective site. Greater total C distribution in the exterior layers of NT aggregates indicated more influx of C from the macropores in interaggregate space than C. mineralization (net gain of C), whereas lower C distribution within the exterior layers of CT aggregates indicated net loss of C by greater C mineralization than C influx. We found total C increased approximately 1.6-fold by the conversion of CT soils to NT management systems for a period of 36 years. Differences in total accumulation and the spatial distribution of C within aggregates affected by management were attributed to the differences in aggregate stability and pore networks controlling the spatial heterogeneities of resource availability and microbial activity within aggregates.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2014

지오폴리머 반응은 매우 복잡하며, 플라이애쉬 화학조성, 입도분포, 자극제 농도와 종류, 양생온도, 양생시간 등이 지오폴리머 물성에 많은 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구에서는 양생조건이 플라이애쉬 기반 지오폴리머 강도에 미치는 영향을 실험하기 위하여, 양생온도, 고온양생 전 전치시간, 고온에서의 양생시간 등을 변화시켜 양생조건 변화에 따른 지오폴리머 페이스트의 압축강도, SEM, 공극특성 등에 대하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과 양생온도가 높을수록 지오폴리머의 강도는 증가하였으며, 전양생시간이 길어질수록 지오폴리머 강도는 증가되었으나, 고온양생에서의 양생시간이 길어지면 압축강도가 저하현상이 관찰되었다. 고온에서의 양생시간이 길어지면 공극구조의 변화에 따라 강도 저하 현상이 관찰되었다. 따라서 양생온도와 양생시간은 지오폴리머 강도 및 미세구조에 큰 영향을 미치고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.384-388
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• 2006

본 연구는 극성 및 독성물질에 대한 활성탄의 흡착력을 향상시키기 위하여, 활성탄을 산 처리 후 활성탄 50 g에 0.1 M $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O,\;CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O,\;AgNO_3$ 용액을 300 mL 첨가하여 jar tester를 이용하여 60 rpm의 속도로 1시간 교반시켜 철, 은, 구리 이온을 첨착하였다. 금속 첨착과정으로 제조한 금속 첨착활성탄의 표면 성상 및 화학적 특성을 규명하기 위하여 비표면적, 세공용적 및 분포, 주사현미경 촬영, 흡착등온 등의 실험을 하였다. 산 처리 활성탄에 철, 구리, 은을 첨착할 경우 미세세공이 중간세공과 거대세공으로 전환되어 금속 첨착량이 약 1.3배 정도 증가하였고 금속 첨착활성탄내에서 미세세공에 의한 물리적 흡착과 침착된 금속 이온에 의한 화학적 흡착이 동시에 가능하였다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.397-401
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• 2016

A lean alloy is defined as a low alloy steel with a minimum amount of the alloying element that maintains the characteristics of the sintered alloy. It is well known that the addition of elements such as Cr, P, Si, or Mn improves the mechanical characteristics of the alloy, but decreases the sinterability. The mother alloy is used to avoid an oxidation reaction with the alloying elements of Cr, P, Si or Mn. The purpose of this study is to determine the change in the mechanical properties of Fe-P-Mo and Fe-P-Mn alloys as a result of the addition of Si. In this article, the Fe-P-Mo and Fe-P-Mn alloys to which Si is added are compacted at $7.0g/cm^3$ and then sintered in $H_2-N_2$ at $1120^{\circ}C$. The P around the macropores and large grains reduces due to the formation of $SiO_2$ as the Si content increases. This is caused by the increase in strength owing to reducing intergranular fracture by suppressing the reaction with oxygen.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2009

To improve the filtration efficiency of porous materials used in filters, an extensive specific surface area is required to serve as a site for adsorption of impurities. In this paper, a method for creating a hybridized porous alloy using a powder metallurgical technique to build macropores in an Al-4 wt.% Cu alloy and subsequent surface modification for a microporous surface with a considerably increased specific surface area is suggested. The macropore structure was controlled by granulation, compacting pressure, and sintering; the micropore structure was obtained by a surface modification using a dilute NaOH solution. The specific surface area of surface-modified specimen increased about 10 times compare to as-sintered specimen that comprised of the macropore structure. Also, the surface-modified specimens showed a remarkable increase in micropores larger than 10 nm. Such a hybridized porous structure has potential for application in water and air purification filters, as well as membrane pre-treatment and catalysis.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.235-239
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• 2016

This study is performed to fabricate a Ti porous body by freeze drying process using titanium hydride ($TiH_2$) powder and camphene. Then, the Ti porous body is employed to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using thermal catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) with Fe catalyst and methane ($CH_4$) gas to increase the specific surface area. The synthesized Ti porous body has $100{\mu}M$-sized macropores and $10-30{\mu}m$-sized micropores. The synthesized CNTs have random directions and are entangled with adjacent CNTs. The CNTs have a bamboo-like structure, and their average diameter is about 50 nm. The Fe nano-particles observed at the tip of the CNTs indicate that the tip growth model is applicable. The specific surface area of the CNT-coated Ti porous body is about 20 times larger than that of the raw Ti porous body. These CNT-coated Ti porous bodies are expected to be used as filters or catalyst supports.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2004

메톡시폴리에틸렌글리콜모노메타크릴레이트(MPEGMAA)와 메타크릴산(MAA)의 몰비와 MPEGMAA의 폴리에틸렌옥사이드(PEO)의 길이를 변화시켜 합성한 폴리카복실레이트계 고유동화제(PCA)를 시멘트 모르타르에 첨가한 경우. 그 물성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. PEO의 길이가 긴 경우 ［MPEGMAA］/［MAA］ 몰비가 낮을수록 모르타르의 유동성은 향상되었다. PCA를 첨가했을 때 응결시간은 지연되며, PEO의 길이가 짧고 ［MPEGMAA］/［MAA］ 몰비가 낮을수록 응결은 더 지연되었다. 특히 MPEGMAA의 분자량이 475인 경우(에틸렌옥사이드 반복단위는 10이다) 응결시간의 지연이 가장 컸다. PCA 분자내 존재하는 PEO의 영향으로 표면장력은 크게 낮아지며, 몰탈의 기공크기분포를 크게 변화시쳤다. PCA에 의해 생성되는 기공은 대부분 7∼370$\mu\textrm{m}$ 범위의 거대 기공이며, 이 기공들에 의해 몰탈의 밀도와 압축강도가 낮아지게 되었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2010

폴리스테린을 주형으로 사용하여 순수한 매크로포러스 실리카 지지체를 졸겔법에 의하여 제조하였으며, 은 입자가 매크로 기공 안에 균일하게 분산되어 있는 매크로포러스 은/실리카 복합소재를 성공적으로 제조하였다. 순수한 실리카 다공체는 폴리스테린 크기에 따라 100 nm와 200 nm의 균일한 기공을 가지고 있었으며 이는 폴리스테린의 크기에 따라 기공크기를 제어할 수 있었다. 매크로포러스 은/실리카 기공의 크기 제어와 $AgNO_3$의 농도에 따른 미세구조를 관찰한 결과 TEOS의 3 wt% $AgNO_3$를 사용한 것이 가장 이상적인 균일한 기공의 분포를 나타내었다. 매크로포러스 은/실리카 복합체는 100-200nm 균일한 기공을 가지고 있었으며, 지지체 내의 은 입자는 대략 15~20 nm 크기를 보여주었다.