• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.452-456
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and cellular mechanism of piperine on murine peritoneal macrophages. To evaluate the effects of piperine, we examined the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12. To investigate inhibitory mechanism of piperine, we examined the MAPKs and Ik-Ba in murine peritoneal macrophages, Piperine itself does not have any cytotoxic effect and reduced lipopolysaccharid (LPS), Poly(I:C), CpG-ODN -induced production of NO, IL-10 and IL-12 in peritoneal macrophages. Piperine inhibited the activation of extracelluar signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK 1/2) not the activation of p38 and the degradation of inhibitory kappa B a (Ik-Ba) in the LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages.ln conclusion, Piperine down-regulated LPS-induced production of NO, IL-10 and IL-12, which could provide a clinical basis for anti-inflammatory properties of piperine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.113-113
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• 2003

A number of studies have demonstrated recently nonthermal interactions of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields with cellular systems, such as the cells of the immune system. Particular concern came from epidemiological findings, which correlated environmental exposure of human body to weak electromagnetic fields with an elevated risk for developing certain type of leukemias and cancers. Several home/environmental sources generating extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, such as 50 - 60 Hz high-voltage transmission lines, video display terminals, electric blankets, clinical nuclear magnetic resonance imaging procedures, etc., may interact with the human body. In this study we examined the effects of static magnetic fields (SMF) on the phagocytosis of the murine peritoneal macrophages (C57BL/6). The cells were exposed in vitro for 24 h at 37$^{\circ}C$ to 400 G SMF. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was determined with a luminometer. Exposure to the SMF decreased phagocytic activity of murine peritoneal macrophages. In order to provide a more exact mechanism of the phenomenon, we analyzed peritoneal macrophages for alteration in their proteomes. The expression levels of these 5 proteins were increased in the SMF. In total 5 proteins which were differentially expressed in the SMF compared with control group were identified. The expression levels of these 5 proteins were increased in the SMF.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2014

The fruit of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) is an important source of traditional Korean and Chinese medicines. In this study, NNMBS223, consisting of the ethanol extract of T. terrestris, showed potent anti-inflammatory activities in RAW264.7 macrophages. We investigated the effect of NNMBS223 in suppressing the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and production of iNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO), COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. In addition, NNMBS223 induced expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 through nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in macrophages. The effects of NNMBS223 on LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2 were partially reversed by the HO activity inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP). These findings suggest that Nrf2-dependent increases in expression of HO-1 induced by NNMBS223 conferred anti-inflammatory activities in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.442-452
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 mediated anti-inflammatory effects of extract from Shigyungbanha-tang (SBT) on the peritoneal macrophage. Methods : To evaluate of TLR-4 mediated inflammatory of SBT. we examined NO and cytokine production in TRL-4 ligand (LPS : lipopolysaccharide) induced macrophages. Furthermore, we examined its molecular mechanism using western blot. Results : Extract from SBT itself does not have any cytotoxic effect in the peritoneal macrophages. Extract from SBT reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO). tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 production in peritoneal macrophages. SBT inhibited degradation of inhibitor kappa B-alpha ($I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$) in the TLR-4 mediated peritoneal macrophages. Conclusions : These results suggest that SBT inhibits NO and cytokines production through inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-${\kappa}$B) activation in peritoneal macrophage and that SBT may be beneficial oriental medicine for inflammation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.593-600
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• 2014

This study is aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Euphorbiae kansui radix methanol extract (ERE) in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from thioglycollate-injected Balb/c mice. Cells were stimulated with LPS or LPS plus interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) in the presence of ERE and various inflammatory markers were assayed. Finally, LPS-induced signaling molecules were measured. ERE up to $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, was not cytotoxic to ERE inhibited LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$-induced nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase. ERE also reduced the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and the proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-12. The inhibitory effect of ERE on LPS-induced $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation was weak but phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and ERK1/2 was strongly suppressed. Our data indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of ERE in LPS-stimulated macrophages was partly mediated by its inhibition of JNK, p38 and ERK1/2.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.274-279
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• 2005

Pharmacological inhibition of interleukin-12 (IL-12) production may be a therapeutic strategy for preventing the development and progression of disease in experimental models of autoimmunity. In this study, the effects of myricetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid present in fruits, vegetables and medicinal herbs, on the production of IL-12 were investigated in mouse macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Myricetin significantly inhibited the LPS­induced IL-12 production from both primary macrophages and the RAW264.7 monocytic cell-line in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of myricetin on IL-12 gene promoter activation was analyzed by transfecting RAW264.7 cells with IL-12 gene promoter/luciferase constructs. The repressive effect was mapped to a region in the IL-12 gene promoter containing a binding site for NF-${\kappa}B$. Furthermore, activation of macrophages by LPS resulted in markedly enhanced binding activity to the NF-${\kappa}B$ site, which significantly decreased upon addition of myricetin, indicating that myricetin inhibited IL-12 production in LPS-activated macrophages via the down­regulation of NF-KB binding activity.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.315-324
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• 2001

To investigate the capacity of anti-inflammatory cytokines and biological response modifiers (BRMs) to induce IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ gene overexpression from mouse macrophages, we isolated the resident peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mouse (8 week old) and incubated for 6 h with lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and Moschus moschiferus (MOMS) extracts. Analysis of inflammatory cytokines gene expression was carried out by RT-PCR amplification. Amplified PCR products were electrophoresed on 1.2% agarose gel, and the analysis (Ht) was used to 1D-density program. 1. LPS and MOMS extract treatments resulted in a significant decrease in IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression level compared with the LPS treatment. 2. Among four sample of MOMS, Inhibitory effects of MOMS-A and MOMS-D for inflammatory cytokines gene expression were to be fine compared with the MOMS-Band MOMS-C. According to the above data, Because the anti- tumoral and anti-inflammatory response activities of macrophage are known to be dependent on the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) by macrophages, we suggest that evaluations of BRM for the reduction of inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages are important for clinical application.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 1999

Nitric oxide synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated as a mediator of inflammation in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. The effects of higenamine, a tetrahydroisoquinoline compound, on induction of NOS by bacterial lipopolysaccaride (LPS) were examined in murine peritoneal macrophages. LPS-induced nitrite/nitrate production was markedly inhibited by higenamine which at 0.01 mM, decreased nitrite/nitrate levels by $48.7{\pm}4.4%$This was comparable to the inhibition of LPS-induced nitrite/nitrate production by tetrandrin ($49.51{\pm}2.02%$). at the same concentration. Northern and Western blot analysis of iNOS expression demonstrated that iNOS expression was significantly attenuated following co-incubation of peritoneal macrophages with LPS (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/m;; 18hrs) and higenamine (0.001, 0.,01 mM; 18hrs). These results suggest that higenamine can inhibit LPS-induced expression of iNOS mRNA in murine peritoneal macrophages. The clinical implications of these findings remain to be established.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.79-98
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• 1999

The purpose of this Study was to investigate effect of TakliSodokSan(TSS) on the anti-tumor, immunocytes and nitric oxide(NO) production from mice peritoneal macrophages. This Study estimated the proliferation of L1210 cell lines, A431 cell lines, Hep-G2 cell lines, K562 cell lines, 3T3 cell lines, mouse thymocytes and mouse splenocytes and NO production from pcritoneal macrophages in vitro, and estimated the proliferation of L1210 cells, thymocytes and splenocytcs, NO production from peritoneal macrophages and body weight in L1210 cells-transplanted mice in vivo. The results were obtained as follows; 1. TSS inhibited significantly the proliferation of L1210, A431, Hep-G2, K562 cell lines in vitro. 2. TSS accelerated the proliferation of mice thymocytes and splenocytes in vitro. 3. TSS was not increased the nitric oxide production from mice peritoneal macrophages in vitro. 4. TSS inhibited significantly the proliferation of L1210 cells in Ll210 cells∼transplanted mice. 5. TSS accelerated the proliferation of mice thymocytes and splenocytes In L1210 cells-transplanted mice. 6. TSS was increased significantly the nitric oxide production from mice peritoneal macrophages in L1210 cells-transplanted mice. 7. TSS was increased the body weight as comparing with control group in Ll210 cells-transplanted mice.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2003

Objective : As a link in chain of research to confirm the oriental medical prescription which has the anti-atherosclerosis effects, this research evaluated the effects on the macrophage-related factors by using KanghwalSokdantang(KS). Methods : In order to perform this research, we have evaluated the effects on the oxLDL formation from the macrophages, the nitric oxide formation, and the oxidation of macrophages. Thus, with this evaluation, we have investigated the applicapability on the artherosclerosis. Results : KanghwalSokdantang has showed a noticeable reduction of protein oxidation in the process of oxLDL formation, has remarkably restrained phospholipid peroxidation, an index to estimated the phospholipid oxidation and reduction that are formed in the process of macrophage's oxLDL formation, and has increased the nitrite concentration noticeably in the LDL-dealing macrophages. By increasing the survival rate of macrophages, KanghwalSokdantang has restrained the cellular damages. KanghwalSokdantang is ineffective on the LDH outflow from damaged cells. $1{\mu}g/ml$ KanghwalSokdantang sample has increased acid phosphatase activity remarkably. Conclusion : KanghwalSokdantang has the possibility to be used in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, which is formed by the oxLDL formation of macrophages.