• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.996-1008
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• 2016

제주 연안 저서생물(해조류, 무척추동물)의 군집구조가 저서 기질 형태에 따른 차이를 파악하기 위해 신흥해역에서 2015년 2월부터 11월까지 매월 조사되었다. 암반정점에서는 해조류 57종과 무척추동물 102종이 출현하였고, 몽돌정점에서는 해조류 42종과 무척추동물 67종이 관찰되어 암반기질에서 저서생물의 출현종수가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 해조류의 연평균 생물량은 암반정점에서 $1,601.13g\;wet\;wt./m^2$으로 몽돌정점의 $448.85g\;wet\;wt./m^2$보다 약 4배 높았다. 감태는 암반정점에서 전체 생물량의 62.64% ($1,002.93g/m^2$)를 차지하는 우점종이었고, 몽돌정점에서는 넓은게발, 감태, 붉은뼈까막살, 자루바다표고, 갈래곰보가 우점하였다. 저서무척추동물의 개체수 및 생물량은 암반정점에서 각각 $106.9indivi./m^2$, $871.93g/m^2$이며, 몽돌정점에서는 $64.6indivi./m^2$, $984.28g/m^2$로 나타났다. 무척추동물의 생물량 우점종을 파악한 결과, 암반정점에서는 소라(36.40%), 바퀴고둥(19.18%), 보라성게(13.61%)였고, 몽돌정점에서는 거품돌산호(54.13%)와 그물코돌산호(24.28%)로 기질에 따른 우점종의 차이를 확인하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2009

Enrichment in nutrients coming from urban sewage outfalls can lead to eutrophication in coastal areas, which can also change the species composition and community structure of macro algal communities. We investigated the structure of the macro algal community within three rocky shores in order to assess any possible differences in their characteristics. Site 1 was located near Tongyeong city's sewage outfall, Site 2 was located near a public beach area, and Site 3 faced open channel of the Ocean. All three sites were located within the same stretch of the coast, where Site 2 was located between sites 1 and 3. We measured the nutrient concentration in water and the tissue nitrogen content in macro algae samples. Nutrients in the water column surrounding site 1 were high in ammonium ($30.2\pm1.8{\mu}M$), nitrate ($26.2{\pm}0.1{\mu}M$), and phosphate ($2.7{\pm}0.1{\mu}M$) content, and were characterized by low numbers of macroalgal species and species and a low species diversity index. In contrast, site 3 exhibited relatively low nutrient concentration levels and a high number of macroalgal species and a high species diversity index. Comparative analysis showed that the tissue nitrogen content of macroalgae were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the nutrient concentration in the water column. The tissue nitrogen content of green algae within site 1 was higher than the others sites. However, the tissue nitrogen content of brown algae was similar at all three sites. Thus, the tissue nitrogen content of macro algae and the macro algal community structure of intertidal rocky shores were dependent on location and the performance of macroalgal communities was dependent on water quality.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2009

남해 연안의 3개 내만역을 대상으로 전체 어류군집이 이용하는 유기물의 기원을 조사하기 위하여 잘피와 부착조류, 저서미세조류, 해조류, 습지식물, 부유입자유기물(식물플랑크톤), 습지식물(갈대) 그리고 육상기원 유기물 등 다양한 유래의 유기물에 대한 탄소안정동위원소 비(${\delta}^{13}C$) 값과 어류 체조직의 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 값을 비교 분석하였다. 연구해역에서 채집된 총 31종의 어류들이 가지는 ${\delta}^{13}C$C 값은 -16.2${\sim}$-8.3‰의 범위를 나타내어 잘피(-8.3${\pm}$1.9‰), 부착조류(-12.4 ${\pm}$0.6‰), 저서미세조류(-15.4${\pm}$1.6‰) 그리고 해조류(-16.0${\pm}$1.8‰)가 가지는 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 값에 상당하는 범위를 나타내었다. 또한 연구수역의 어류군집이 가지는 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 값(-12.9${\pm}$1.5‰)은 남해 외양역에서 채집된 어류(-17.3${\pm}$0.8‰)와 낙동강 수계에서 채집된 어류군집(-23.2${\pm}$1.6‰)이 가지는 값에 비하여 뚜렷히 높은 값을 보였다. 따라서 본 조사에서 얻어진 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 분석 결과들은 조사가 수행된 3개 내만역 어류군집은 만 자체의 자생기원 저서생산에서 유래한 탄소원에 주로 의존하고 있다는 것을 시사하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.869-874
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• 1998

사료종류에 따른 참전복의 적정 사육밀도를 조사하기 위해 평균 각장 8.41 mm의 치패를 $m^2$당 1430, 2860, 4290 및 5720마리로 설정하여 배합사료 및 미역을 실험구마다 3반복으로 15주간 공급하면서 사육 실험하였다. 전중, 패각 및 가식부의 성장은 사육밀도가 높아질수록 감소하는 경향을 보여 4290마리/$m^2$ 이상인 밀도구에서는 1430마리 /$m^2$ 밀도구와 유의차를 보였다(P<0.05). 또한 이러한 성장효과는 배합사료 공급구가 미역 공급구보다 밀도에 관계없이 양호한 성적을 보였으며, 동일 밀도구에서는 유의하게 (P<0.05) 배합사료 공급구가 높았다. 생존율도 성장과 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 실험 종료시 가식부의 일반성분의 변화는 사육밀도에는 영향을 받지 않았으나 사료종류에 따라 달라지는 경향을 보여 미역 공급구에 비해 배합사료 공급구의 수분과 단백질 함량은 낮고, 지질과 회분 함량은 높은 경향을 보였다 (P<0.05). 성장과 생존율 등을 고려하여 보면 각장 9$\~$17mm일 때 참전복의 적정 사육밀도는 사료의 종류에 관계없이 1 $m^2$당 2860마리 이하가 적절하다고 여겨진다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.26.1-26.8
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• 2018

Inclusion effect of soybean meal (SBM) and fermented SBM (FSM) in extruded pellet for juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus) was compared in abalone farm. Dietary inclusion effect of the combined macroalgae (MA) (Undaria pinnatifida and Hizikia fusiforme) and a single Saccharina japonica on abalone was also compared. Three thousand six hundred juvenile abalone were purchased from a private hatchery and acclimated to the experimental conditions for 2 weeks. Six 5-ton flow-through raceway tanks were used, and abalone were randomly distributed into tanks (n = 600 per tank). Three experimental diets were prepared in duplicate. Fish meal, FSM, corn gluten meal, and shrimp meal and wheat flour and dextrin were used as the protein and carbohydrate sources, respectively, in the FSM diet. MA was also included in the FSM diet. FSM and MA in the FSM diet were substituted with SBM at the expense of wheat flour and S. japonica, referred to as the SBM and SJ diets. The experimental diets were pelletized by an extruded pelleter. Water stability of nutrients in the experimental diets was monitored at 12, 24, and 48 h after seawater immersion. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day to satiation with a little leftover for 120 days. The retained crude protein and lipid and ash content of the extruded pellets were changed over all period of time. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed the SBM diet were greater than those of abalone fed the FSM and SJ diets. Weight gain and SGR of abalone fed the SJ diet were also greater than those of abalone fed the FSM diet. The longest shell length, widest shell width, highest shell height, and greatest soft body weight were obtained in abalone fed the SBM diet, followed by the SJ and FSM diets. Proximates of the soft body of abalone were not different among the experimental diets. In conclusion, SBM was a superior protein source to FSM in extruded pellet for growth performance of abalone. Dietary inclusion of a single S. japonica was superior to the combined inclusion of U. pinnatifida and H. fusiforme in the production of abalone.

• 청정기술
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2020

이 논문에서는 3세대 바이오매스 중 거대조류, 즉 해조류 바이오매스로부터 유래된 바이오가스를 연료로 사용하여 열, 전력 및 수소를 생산하는 삼중발전의 타당성 평가를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 3 MW급 고체산화물 연료전지와 가스터빈, 그리고 유기 랭킨 사이클로 이루어진 상용 규모의 열, 전력 및 수소 생산공정을 공정모사기를 사용하여 설계, 모사하였고, 공정모사로 부터 얻은 열 및 물질 수지를 통해 각 단위조작 장치의 가격을 추정하고 경제성을 분석하였다. 수소를 생산하기 위해 고체산화물 연료전지의 설계를 수정하였는데, 연료전지 내 애프터-버너를 제거하고 수성-가스 전환 반응기를 추가하였다. 공정모사 결과 설계된 삼중발전 공정은 시간당 3.47톤의 건조 갈조류 원료로부터 생산된 2톤의 바이오가스를 이용하여 2.3 MW의 전력과 50 kg hr^-1의 수소를 37%의 효율로 생산한다. 이 결과를 토대로 가장 현실적인 시나리오에 대해 경제적으로 평가하고 BESP (breakeven electricity selling price)를 계산하였는데, ¢10.45 kWh^-1로 기존의 고정 발전 대비 동등 이상의 수준으로 나타났다.

• ALGAE
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2011

Environmental conditions can influence the morphology of local biota through phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation. Macroalgal morphologies are often associated with wave-exposure conditions. We investigated the relationship between morphology and wave exposure in two common endemic subtidal macroalgae, Carpophyllum angustifolium and C. maschalocarpum, from the East Cape of New Zealand. Morphological comparisons were made between individuals from two sites and four different wave-exposure zones, as defined by fetch and barnacle composition. Of the seven morphological traits measured in C. angustifolium, only total length varied, and individuals were longer in more wave-exposed environments between the two exposure zones where the species were found. In contrast, total length, stipe thickness and vesicle presence all varied significantly between exposure zones in C. maschalocarpum. C. maschalocarpum specimens were shorter with thinner stipes, and fewer individuals had vesicles in the more wave-exposed zones. Morphological traits of both species also varied between sites, suggesting that other influences are important for determining species morphology. Further study is needed to investigate the role of phenotypic plasticity and genetic variability for driving morphological variation in C. angustifolium and C. maschalocarpum.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2002

한국의 동해안과 남해안에서 채집한 동문동물 1신종(Echinoderes lanceolatus)을 기재한다. 표본은 조하대의 저질과 해조류를 플랑크톤 넷트에 걸러 채집하였다. 이 종은 제3마디 흉판 중앙부 양측의 커다란 각흔(殼痕) 제4마디 흉판의 희미한 중앙연접 자국. 각각 해당 몸통 마디보다 약간 짧은 제6-10정중등가시. 암컷 제9-10마디 흉판의 중괄호형 근흔(筋痕), 마지막 복판의 뒷가장자리가 곧은점, 그리고 표창처럼 날카롭고 긴 제13마디의 등돌기가 특징이다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.347-370
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• 2013

A study on the presence of benthic dinoflagellates in the intertidal zone along the coasts of Jeju Island, Korea was conducted during 2011 and 2012. Identification and taxonomic observations were made of the benthic dinoflagellate samples using light and epifluorescence microscopy. Thirty-seven dinoflagellate taxa belong to five orders, nine families, 18 genera and 30 species, which are new records for Korean waters, were detected in this study. The detailed nomenclature, references, distribution, and illustrations are presented here. The commonly occurring genera were Amphidinium, Coolia, Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum, and Thecadinium. Among the recorded species, 26 were found only in sand sediment, seven in macroalgal samples, and four were found in both sand and macroalgal samples. Of the 37 species, nine were potentially toxic. These results suggest that diversified benthic dinoflagellates including several potentially toxic species occur in sand sediment and macroalgae in the intertidal zone along the coasts of Jeju Island. The morphological features of the identified species were more or less similar to observations made by previous studies in Korea and elsewhere. The presence of known toxic species may indicate a potential risk of toxicity in the marine ecosystem of Jeju Island. The present study can be helpful for further detailed taxonomic, toxicological, molecular phylogenetic studies and may help in the management and conservation of Jeju Island's marine ecosystem.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2020

Sphacelaria is a filamentous brown algal genus that can be epibiotic on macroalgae, marine plants, and sea turtles. Its important role in benthic ecosystems, exposure to different stressors (e.g., grazing), and use as a model organism make Sphacelaria ideal for assessing physiological responses of organisms to environmental inputs. Single-cell RNA sequencing is a powerful new probe for understanding environmental responses of organisms at the molecular (transcriptome) level, capable of delineating gene regulation in different cell types. In the case of plants, this technique requires protoplasts ("naked" plant cells). The existing protoplast isolation protocols for Sphacelaria use non-commercial enzymes and are low-yielding. This study is the first to report the production of protoplasts from Sphacelaria fusca (Hudson) S.F. Gray, using a combination of commercial enzymes, chelation, and osmolarity treatment. A simple combination of commercial enzymes (cellulase Onozuka RS, alginate lyase, and driselase) with chelation pretreatment and an increased osmolarity (2512 mOsm/L H₂O) gave a protoplast yield of 15.08 ± 5.31 × 10⁴ protoplasts/g fresh weight, with all the Sphacelaria cell types represented. Driselase had no crucial effect on the protoplast isolation. However, the increased osmolarity had a highly significant and positive effect on the protoplast isolation, and chelation pretreatment was essential for optimal protoplast yield. The protocol represents a significant step forward for studies on Sphacelaria by efficiently generating protoplasts suitable for cellular studies, including single-cell RNA sequencing and expression profiling.