• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.20-30
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ankle joint mobilization with movement (MWM) on the range of motion (ROM) in the ankle, on the muscle strength of lower extremities, and on spatiotemporal gait parameters in chronic hemiplegic patients. Fifteen subjects with chronic stroke were divided into two groups: an experimental group (8 subjects) and a control group (7 subjects). Both groups attended two or three sessions of physical therapy each week. The experimental group also attended additional MWM training sessions three times a week for five weeks. For both groups, the ROM of the ankle, the muscle strength of the lower extremities, and the spatiotemporal gait parameters in paretic limbs were evaluated before and after the training period. The results showed that the experimental group experienced more significant increases than did the control group in terms of passive (6.10%) and active (21.96%) ROM of the ankle, gait velocity (12.96%), and peak torque, of the knee flexor (81.39%), the knee extensor (24.88%), and the ankle plantar flexor (41.75%)(p<.05). These results suggest that MWM training in patients with chronic stroke may be beneficial in increasing ROM in the ankle, muscle strength in the lower extremities, and gait speed.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-44
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• 2003

Objective : The aim of this study was to assess protective effects of Whangryonhaedoktang on the chronic mild stress (CMS) animal model of depression. Method : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups (CMS-drug group: Whangryonhaedoktang was administered during CMS procedure, CMS-vehicle: water was administered during CMS procedure, normal control group: without CMS procedure). After 4 weeks of CMS procedure, Morris water maze (MWM) test and open field test were executed and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was measured in ventral tegmental area (VTA) and locus coeruleus (LC) of rat brain. Result : 1. CMS procedure induced defects of spatial learning in early period of MWM test. 2. CMS Whangryonhaedoktang group showed shorter escape latency in comparison with CMS control group in MWM test on the first day of the test. 3. CMS Whangryonhaedoktang group and CMS control group showed no significant difference of activities and emotional behaviors in comparison with normal control group in open field test. 4. CMS Whangryonhaedoktang group showed significant inhibition effects of TH expression in VTA and LC areas in comparison with CMS control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Whangryonhaedoktang may have inhibition effects to early period defects of spatial learning and protective antidepressant effects in CMS model rats.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the effects of the ankle mobilization with movement (MWM) technique on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), balance, and gait in patients who underwent total knee replacement (TKR). Methods: Thirty patients with knee osteoarthritis were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG; n=15) and the control group (CG; n=15). For five days a week for 3 weeks, participants in the EG were treated with the ankle MWM technique and traditional total knee replacement (TKR) exercise, and those in the CG only performed traditional TKR exercises. The dorsiflexion ROM, balance, and gait of the patients were before and after exercise. Results: Balance system SD was used compare changes in dynamic balance. Patients in the EG group showed statistically significant differences after the intervention (p<.05). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in dynamic balance between the EG and CG groups after the intervention (p<.05). STT-IBS was used to compare changes in velocity, step length, stride length, and ankle dorsiflexion ROM. Patients in the EG group showed statistically significant differences after the intervention (p<.05). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in the velocity, step length, stride length, and ankle dorsiflexion ROM between the EC and CG groups after the intervention (p<.05). Conclusion: Our results showed that applying the ankle MWM technique with traditional TKR exercises improved ankle dorsiflexion ROM, dynamic balance, and gait in patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.541-542
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.305-306
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• 2009

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.63-75
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• 2006

Objectives : We investigated the effects of Liriopis Tuber on the nervous protection. Methods : We measured the reaction behavior with EPM(Elevated Plus Maxe) and MWM(Morris Water Maze) after applying restraint stress to rats. Also, the degrees of AchE generation were measured with immunohistochemical method in the regions of hippocampus, and the degree of TH generation in the regions of VTA and LC, respectively. Results : 1. As the results of measuring how long EPM which reflects anxiety reaction stayed in the open arm, there was the trend which can suppress anxiety reaction in the MMD+stress group(Liriopis Tuber+stress) but no statistical significance. The counting results how many EPM passed between opened and closed arm showed suppression trend against a physical activity in the saline+stress group but there was no statistical significance. 2. According to the result of MWM, the saline+stress group showed the learning retardation which means increased time arriving at goal compared to ti1e normal group at the second and third day of measurement. On the contrary, a learning retardation was significantly decreased in the MMD+stress group. Among the probe trial test a memory loss occurred in the saline+stress group, meanwhile memory ability was notably increased in the saline-stress group. 3. The degree of TH generation was investigated at the VTA and LC respectively after test animals treated with drug. In the saline+stress group, TH-immunoreactive cells were significantly increased, and these stress-induced TH increases were suppressed in the saline+stress group at the VTA region. However, the saline+stress group did not show any significant difference. 4. the degree of AchE generation was investigated at the CA3 of hippocampus. The saline+stress group showed that AchE-immunoreactive cells were significantly decreased. Those stress-induced reductions of AchE cells were meaningfully recovered in the saline+stress group. Although the cells showed recovery trend in the region of CA1 of hippocampus, statistical significance was not observed. Conclusion : The results of our study indicate that Liriopis Tuber can improve spatial memory ability of rats applied a restraint stress. This improvement of the spatial memory ability is considered to have an efficacy of nervous protection that Liriopis Tuber suppresses the generation of AchE in the hippocampus region and enhances the generation of TH in the VTA.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.874-883
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• 2011

Many studies have shown that the steamed root of Rehmannia glutinosa (SRG), which is widely used in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases in the context of Korean traditional medicine, is effective for improving cognitive and memory impairments. The purpose of this study was to examine whether SRG extracts improved memory defects caused by administering scopolamine (SCO) into the brains of rats. The effects of SRG on the acetylcholinergic system and proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus were also investigated. Male rats were administered daily doses of SRG (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days, 1 h before scopolamine injection (2 mg/kg, i.p.). After inducing cognitive impairment via scopolamine administration, we conducted a passive avoidance test (PAT) and the Morris water maze (MWM) test as behavioral assessments. Changes in cholinergic system reactivity were also examined by measuring the immunoreactive neurons of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the reactivity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the hippocampus. Daily administration of SRG improved memory impairment according to the PAT, and reduced the escape latency for finding the platform in the MWM. The administration of SRG consistently significantly alleviated memory-associated decreases in cholinergic immunoreactivity and decreased interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) mRNA expression in the hippocampus. The results demonstrated that SRG had a significant neuroprotective effect against the neuronal impairment and memory dysfunction caused by scopolamine in rats. These results suggest that SRG may be useful for improving cognitive functioning by stimulating cholinergic enzyme activities and alleviating inflammatory responses.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.419-429
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to look into the effect of using Zentangle art therapy on improving the attention span of people with developmental disabilities in Lifelong Education Center. The 29 people with developmental disabilities in Lifelong Education Center of D-University in K-city were the subjects to reach the primary goal of this study. Nine of the subjects were assigned to the experimental group of the Zentangle art therapy, ten to the control group. As for the study tools, 3.5x3.5 inch paper card, various colors of Deco Markers, and Zentangle cards for the experimental group. The FAIR and MindWaveMobile (MWM) were used to measure the effectiveness. The twelve 30-minute sessions of the program, held from October to December in 2018, has shown the result that the attention span improved on the experimental group using the Zentangle art therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.193-198
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• 1998

This study was introduce to Manual Therapy of Mulligan. The use of sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGS) and mobilisation with movement(MWM) for spine and peripheral joints has been developed by Mulligan. A mobilisation is applied parallel or right angles to restricted joint movement. If the applied mobilisation achieves immediate improvement in the functional movement and abolishes the pain the treatment involves sustaining the mobilisation while the patient performs the active movement repetitively. On reassessment of the joint function the movement should remain improved without the mobilisation. Theories as to why these techniques provide rapid improvement in pain-free range are proposed, and general principle of examination and treatment are outlined.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.708-712
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• 2020

Vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) 26b is a newly discovered member of the retromer complex; it is encoded by a single-copy gene located on mouse chromosome 9, and the complex has been reported as being composed of proteins VPS26, VPS29, and VPS35. We have previously shown that mice lacking VPS26b exhibited no significant body size or health issues. Although retromer components are widely expressed in mouse tissue, their roles have not yet been completely elucidated. The current study investigates whether the VPS26b-associated retromer complex can be used as a neurodegeneration model. Previously, we observed a significant reduction in VPS35 and VPS29 in the brain cells of in VPS26b-deficient mice as well as an absence of the VPS26b-VPS29-VPS35 retromer complex despite the normal presence of VPS26a-VPS29-VPS35. Recent studies have suggested that low levels of VPS35 can lead to Alzheimer's disease-like phenotypes including cognitive memory deficits. In this study, we successfully demonstrate an association between the absence of the VPS26b-VPS29-VPS35 retromer complex, reduced cell density in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, and learning disability in VPS26b knock-out mice. The results also indicate that the VPS26b-associated retromer complex affects neurodegenerative disorders and learning processes.