• Title/Summary/Keyword: MUD

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An Adaptive Hybrid Multi-User Detection Using Amplitude Estimation with Array Antennas (어레이 안테나를 이용한 적응 혼합형 다중 간섭 제거기)

  • 이규만;한동석
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2000.09a
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    • pp.83-86
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    • 2000
  • DS/CDMA 이동통신 환경에서 채널의 용량을 제한하는 가장 큰 요인은 다중 사용자 간섭 신호의 영향이다. 본 논문에서는 어레이 안테나와 적응 혼합 다중 사용자 검파기 구조 (MUD: Multi-User Detection)를 이용하여 이러한 문제를 제거한다. 어레이 안테나의 각각의 빔 형성기는 MUD에서 궤환되는 기준 신호를 이용하여 원하는 사용자의 방향으로 빔을 형성하고 간섭 신호 방향으로는 널을 형성하여 제거하게 된다. 수신 신호의 전력이 제어되지 못하여 원근 문제(near-far problem)가 발생할 경우, 제안한 MUD는 적응적으로 지배적인 상관 값에 대해서는 직렬형, 비슷한 크기의 신호들은 병렬형 간섭 제거기를 통하여 제거함으로써 기존의 고정형 간섭 제거기보다 우수한 성능을 나타내었다.

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Effect of Electron Acceptor on Anaerobic Toluene Biodegradation in Rice Field and Tidal Mud Flat (논과 갯벌에서 톨루엔의 혐기성 생분해에 미치는 전자수용체의 영향)

  • 조경숙
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.197-200
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    • 2003
  • In oil-contaminated environments, anaerobic biodegradation of toluene depended on the concentration and distribution of terminal electron acceptor as well as the physicochemical properties such as DO concentration, redox potential and pH. This study showed the anaerobic biodegradation of toluene in two different soils by using nitrate reduction, ferric iron reduction, sulfate reduction and methanogensis. Toluene degradation rates in the soil samples taken from rice filed and tidal mud flat by nitrate reduction were higher than those by other processes. Tho soil samples from the two fields were enriched for 130 days by providing toluene as a sole carbon source and nitrate or sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor. The toluene degradation rates in the enriched denitrifying consortia obtained from the rice field and tidal mud flat soil were 310.7 and 200.6 $\mu$mol$ L^{-1}$ / $d^{-1}$, respectively. The toluene (legradation rates in the enriched sulfate-reducing consortia from the fields ranged fi-om 149.1 to 86.1$\mu$mol $L^{-1}$ / $d^{-1}$ .

Strength Properties of according to the Red mud replacement of Lightweight Matrix based on Blast Furnace Slag (고로슬래그 기반 경량 경화체의 레드머드 치환에 따른 강도특성)

  • Kim, Yun-Mi;Kim, Won-Jong;Park, Sun-Gyu;Lee, Sang-Soo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2014.05a
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    • pp.244-245
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    • 2014
  • This is an experimental study on manufacturing of non-cement matrix. Materials like cement and blowing agent in foamed concrete is replaced by by-products from blast furnace slag and paper ash. Further, the experiment was performed by replacing alkali with red mud by (0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 45) of weight of alkali (wt.%) in order to reduce the amount of expensive alkali acclerator. Sample Plain with density showed lowest. The compressive strength test result, showed a similar trend with density. And it showed that compressive strength of the RM-0.05 was highest.

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Reduced RBF Centers Based Multiuser Detection in DS-CDMA System

  • Lee, Jung-Sik;Hwang, Jae-Jeong;Park, Chi-Yeon
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.31 no.11C
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    • pp.1085-1091
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    • 2006
  • The major goal of this paper is to develop a practically implemental radial basis function (RBF) neural network based multi-user detector (MUD) for direct sequence (DS)-CDMA system. This work is expected to provide an efficient solution for RBF based MUD by quickly setting up the proper number of RBF centers and their locations required in training. The basic idea in this research is to estimate all the possible RBF centers by using supervised ${\kappa-means$ clustering technique, and select the only centers which locate near seemingly decision boundary between centers, and reduce further by grouping the some of centers adjacent each other. Therefore, it reduces the computational burden for finding the proper number of RBF centers and their locations in the existing RBF based MUD, and ultimately, make its implementation practical.

Study on the Settling Process of Cohesive Sediment (점착성 퇴적물의 침강특성에 관한 연구)

  • Sin, Dong-Su;Bae, Gi-Seong
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.12 no.2 s.28
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    • pp.111-120
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    • 1998
  • Laboratory settling experiments (column, recirculating flume) were conducted for further understanding of the physical processes of cohesive sediment transport. \In still water experiments, the growth rate of flocculation is dependent upon the initial suspended concentration. Consequently, the settling velocity increases with concentration of flees. In flocculation settling regime, the exponent n in the settling velocity, $w_s=kC^n$, for Nakdong estuary mud was obtained empirically. The exponents were found to be 1.33, and 1.06 for the initial suspended concentrations of 1 g/i and 3 g/t, respectively. In flowing water, experiments for the median settling velocity with Nakdong mud in a recirculating flume were conducted. Settling velocity was found to depend much more strongly on the current velocity than initial concentrations. The temporal variation of suspended concentration increases as current velocity decreases.

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The waste reduction technology of chloride contaminated red-mud from by-product of Bayer process

  • Shin, Hee-Young;Hyun, Jong-Yeong;Masuda, Kaoru;Ohya, Hitoshi;Endoh, Shigehisa
    • 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.598-602
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    • 2003
  • The general red-mud minerals consist of hematite, sodalite, anatase, quartz, gibbsite and miner impurities. This gives serious environmental damage for the ocean disposal. It mixed with chloride compound and the content of chlorine is about 2,000-3,000ppm. This paper can be suggested the chloride reduction technology that is applied basically mineral processing by physical separation. Then it can be possible to produce the totally 24wt. $\%$ useful red-mud which chloride content is less then 400ppm.

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Screening of Potential Stress-Responsive and Immune-Related Genes by Expressed Sequence Tags in Mud Loach (Misgurnus mizolepis)

  • Nam, Yoon-Kwon;Kim, Dong-Soo
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.83-92
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    • 2002
  • EST analysis was performed to identify stress-responsive and immune-related genes from mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis), cDNA libraries were constructed with liver, intestine and kidney tissues and randomly chosen clones (216 for liver, 198 for intestine and 224 for kidney) were subjected to automated sequence analysis. Of 638 clones sequenced in totlal, approximalely 25% of ESTs was novel sequences (no match to GenBank) or sequences with high homology to hypothrtical/unknown genes. Several potential stress-responsive biomarker and/or immure-related genes were identified in all the tissues examined. It included lectin, MHC class I/II proteins, proteinase inhibitors, superoxide dismulase, catalase, glutathionc-S. transferase, heat-shock protein, warm temperature acclimation protein, complements, methylrransferasc, zinc finger proteins, macrophage maturation associated protein, and others. This information will offer new possibilities as fundamental baseline data for the molecular genetics and breeding of this species with an emphasis on the development of stress. (and disease)-resistsnt fish.

Mechanical properties of the mortar by replacing the fine aggregate in mud flat with cement mortar (시멘트 모르타르에서 잔골재를 갯벌로 대체한 모르타르의 특성)

  • Kang, Yun-Young;Lee, Seul-Bi;Yang, Seong-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2016.10a
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    • pp.87-88
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    • 2016
  • In the current construction market usage cement and aggregate is increasing continuously. This is progressing serious environmental pollution due to the carbon dioxide generated during cement production. Further, by using a large amount of aggregate, they tend to have even reduced natural resources. As a result, the reduction of carbon dioxide through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the energy saving has been positioned as a global trend. Therefore, in this study, instead of fine aggregate fix the cement, by the use to increase the proportion of the tidal flats, to try to reduce the amount of cement and fine aggregate. Accordingly, according to increasing the proportion of the mud flat be analyzed for properties the compressive strength, tensile strength, flow, chloride test, workability of the mortar.

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A Study on the Physical Property of concrete using Industrial by-product and Alkali Activators (산업부산물과 알칼리 활성제를 사용한 콘크리트의 물리적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Sun-Kwan;Kim, Young-Su
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2013.11a
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    • pp.54-55
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    • 2013
  • Recently, The economic growth has increased carbon dioxide emissions. so, It is caused by social problem to environmental damage and human health due to global warming. Accordingly, The method solution is to the amount of cement and to use industrial by-product such as Blast furnace slag, Fly Ash, and Red-mud. Thus, The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical property of concrete with red-mud. So, this study carries out the basic performance test of concrete such as, air content, slump, and compressive strength. In this work test is conducted according to sequence of materials using concrete twin mixer.

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Characteristics of red mud-added soil concrete according to aggregate type and binder amount (골재종류 및 바인더량에 따른 레드머드 첨가 흙콘크리트의 특성)

  • Park, Kyu-Eun;Hong, Suk-Wo;Kim, Sang-Jin;Kang, Suk-Pyo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2023.11a
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    • pp.31-32
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    • 2023
  • In this paper, in order to utilize recycled aggregate as an alternative to natural resources in the construction industry, the physical properties of red mud-added soil concrete according to the type of aggregate and amount of binder were reviewed. The results of using waste asphalt concrete as a natural aggregate substitute were SPS-KSCICO- It was found to satisfy the compressive strength standards for parking lots of 001-2006, and its applicability in the construction industry was judged.

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