• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.511-516
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• 2009

A series of substituted 2-arylnaphthyridin-4-one analogues, which were previously synthesized in our laboratory, were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human lung cancer A549 and human renal cancer Caki-2 cells using MTT assay. Some compounds (11, 12, and 13) showed stronger cytotoxicity than colchicine against both tumor cell lines, and compound 13 exhibited the most potent activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 2.3 and $13.4\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies of comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were performed. Predictive 3D-QSAR models were obtained with $q^2$ values of 0.869 and 0.872 and $r^2_{ncv}$ values of 0.983 and 0.993 for CoMFA and CoMSIA, respectively. These results demonstrate that CoMFA and CoMSIA models could be reliably used in the design of novel cytotoxic agents.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.111-123
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• 2005

Objectives : Neurological disorders have been one of main therapeutic targets of acupuncture. The present study investigated the protective effects of Gwakhyangjeonggisan herbal acupuncture solution (GHAS). Methods : We performed 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in glioblastoma cells, and did microarray analysis with cells exposed to reactive oxigen species (ROS) of hydrogen peroxide by 8.0 k Human cDNA, with cut-off level of 2-fold changes in gene expression. Results : MTT assay showed protective effect of GHAS on the glioblastoma cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. When glioblastoma cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide, 16 genes were upregulated. When the cells were pretreated with GHAS before exposure to hydrogen peroxide, 22 genes were upregulated. Most of the genes upregulated by hydrogen peroxide stimulation were reversed to downregulation by GHAS. Conclusion : The gene expression changes observed in the present study are supposed to be related to the protective molecular mechanism of GHAS in the glioblastoma cells exposed to ROS stress.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.358-364
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• 2006

To investigate the possible mechanism of Drynariae Rhizoma extracts as a candidate of anti-cancer drug, I examined the effects of Drynariae Rhizoma extracts on the apoptosis of U937 cell line. MTT assay, flow cytometric analysis, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blot analysis, and RT-PCR were performed. Drynariae Rhizoma extracts treatment reduced the cell viablilty of U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with induction of apoptotic cell death. Drynariae Rhizoma extracts treatment also reduced the levels of Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic protein expression and increased the levels of caspase-3, p53, pro-apoptotic protein, in U937 cells. RT-PCR data revealed that the level of bcl-2, bcl-xL mRNA expressions decreased in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that Drynariae Rhizoma extracts may have induction of apoptotic cell death via regulation of several growth regulatory gene products. The abbreviations used are: FBS, fetal bovine serum; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; PI, propidium iodide; OD, optical density; DiOC6, 3,3-dihexyloxa carbcyanine iodide; MTT, 3 [4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2-diphenyltetrazolium bromide.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.441-445
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• 2012

Cadmium is an important occupational and environmental pollutant that damages various organs, especially renal proximal tubular cells. We examined the effect of aqueous extract of Buddleja officinalis (ABO) on cadmium chloride ($CdCl_2$)-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 human renal proximal tubular cells. HK-2 cells were preincubated with ABO (50, 100, 200 and 400 ${\mu}g/ml$) for 3 hr and then treated with 10 ${\mu}M$ $CdCl_2$ for 24 hr. The effect of ABO on $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells was investigated by using MTT assay, morphological observation, flow cytometric analysis and Western blot. The results of the MTT assay and morphological observation indicated that $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity was prevented by pretreatment with ABO. In flow cytometric analysis, ABO reduced sub-G1 peak (apoptotic peak) in $CdCl_2$-treated cells. $CdCl_2$-induced procaspase-3 proteolysis and PARP cleavage reduced by pretreatment with ABO. These results suggest that ABO effectively inhibited $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.523-532
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• 2014

This study was done to evaluate the antioxidant effect of oak hot water extracts on the oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytotoxicity of $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for the cell viability according to the dose-dependent treatment. Oak extracts demonstrated a dose-dependent ability to inhibit $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis in cultured tenofibroblasts, as assessed by MTT assay and FACS analysis. $H_2O_2$ increased the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, treatment with oak extracts was decreased this activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, as confirmed by western blot analysis, and reduced the production of ROS, as verified by fluorescent microscopic and flow cytometry (FACS) analyses. These findings suggest that oak extracts, by suppressing JNK, ERK1/2, and intracellular ROS production, have a concentration-dependent antiapoptotic effect on achilles tenofibroblasts exposed to an oxidative stressor, and may have therapeutic potential.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.534-542
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• 2006

The effects of ethanol fractions of three different rice grain extracts, Jakwangchalbyeo, Hwasunchalbyeo, and Ilpumbyeo, on apoptotic cell death in the rat hepatoma H4IIE cell line were investigated using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] cell viability assay. One hundred mg/mL Jakwangchalbyeo extract significantly reduced cell viability to 69.5, 57.2, and 46.1% within 24, 48, and 72 hr, respectively. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses were also performed to characterize the cell death pattern caused by treatment with the rice grain extracts. Apoptotic cell death was clearly observed with time after treatment with the Jakwangchalbyeo extract. In Western blotting analysis, degradation of the 116 kDa poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) molecule was observed with concomitant formation of an 89 kDa product 24, 48, and 72 hr after treating cells with the Jakwangchalbyeo extract. This indicates that an apoptotic process caused cell death in these cells. In conclusion, red-pericarp Jakwangchalbyeo extract induced apoptotic cell death in H4IIE cells to a larger extent than the other rice extracts.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2001

In order to investigate anti-cancer effect of Cremastrae Appendiculatae Tuber, this experiment was performed, in vitro. The results are as follows: 1. The MIT assay demonstrated that cell viability was decreased by Cremastrae Appendiculatae Tuber without statistical significance 2. The Apoptosis assay demonstated that apoptosis was induced by Cremastrae Appendiculatae Tuber without statistical significance 3. In quantitative RT-PCR analysis, there were no remarkable changes in expression levels of apoptosis-related genes, Bcl- 2, Bax, P53.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 2022

Objectives: Sweet bee venom (sBV) is purified from Apis mellifera, containing a high level of melittin-its main component. It has been used as a therapeutic agent for pain relief and anti-inflammation, as well as for treating neuronal abnormalities. Recently, there have been studies on the therapeutic application of sBV for anticancer treatment. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacological effect of sBV treatment in A549 human lung cancer cells. Methods: We used microscopic analysis to observe the morphological changes in A549 cells after sBV treatment. The MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxic effect after dose-dependent sBV treatment. Molecular changes in sBV were evaluated by the expression of apoptosis marker proteins using western blot analysis. Results: Microscopic analysis suggested that the growth inhibitory effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner; however, cell lysis occurred at a concentration over 20 ㎍/mL of sBV. The MTT assay indicated that sBV treatment exhibited a growth inhibitory effect at a concentration over 5 ㎍/mL. On fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis, G0 dead cells were observed after G1 arrest at treatment concentrations up to 10 ㎍/mL. However, rapid cell rupture was observed at a concentration of 20 ㎍/mL. Western blot analysis demonstrated that sBV treatment modulated the expression of multiple cell death-related proteins, including cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase 9, p53, Bcl2, and Bax. Conclusion: sBV induced cell death in A549 human lung cancer cells at a pharmacological concentration, albeit causing hemolytic cell death at a high concentration.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2002

In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate subfraction of Sophora flavescens Ait.(EASS) on cancer cells using MTT quantitative analysis. The EASS was cytotoxicity from the concentration of 6.25 g/ml to KB, B16, HeLa, and MCF-7 cancer cells and the cytotoxicity was significant, (p < 005) increased as the concentrations of EASS were increased, (12.5, 25, 50, 100 g/ml). The IC for KB, B16, HeLa, and MCF-7 were 56.58, 65.43, 83.95, and 106.65 g/ml, respectively. Conclusively, the EASS inhabited the growth of cancer cells and the order of potency of cytotoxicity was KB > B16 > HeLa > MCF-7.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.84-86
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate anti-inflammatory effects of collected mushroom in Korea. Anti-inflammatory effects analysis was followed by MTT test and nitric oxide inhibition activity. Thirty mushrooms were screened and twelve mushrooms were selected about MTT assay and three mushrooms were good at nitric oxide inhibition test. In our result, three mushrooms: Amanita virgineoides, Tylopilus neofelleus, Armillaria tabescens were good resource for anti-inflammatory effects and to be followed more research about relat.