• 대한약침학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Sophorae Radix (SR) and doxorubicin (DOX) in human gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. We used the human gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (MKN-45 and WIDR cells, respectively). We examined cell death by using the MTT(3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and the caspase 3 assay with SR. To examine the inhibitory effects of SR, we performed a cell cycle (sub G1) analysis for the MKN-45 and WIDR cells after three days with SR. The reversibility of SR was examined for one-day to five-day treatments with SR. SR inhibited the growth of MKN-45 and WIDR cells in a dosedependent manner. Also, we showed that SR induced apoptosis in MKN-45 and WIDR cells by using the MTT assay, the caspase 3 assay and the sub-G1 analysis. SR combined with DOX markedly inhibited the growth of MKN-45 and WIDR cells compared to SR or DOX alone. After 3 days of treating MKN-45 and WIDR cells with SR, the fraction of cells in the sub-G1 phase was much higher than that of the control group. Our findings provide insights into unraveling the effects of SR on human gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and into developing therapeutic agents for use against gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1999

To investigate the anti-complementary and cytotoxic effects of oriental prescription, Kuseonwangdogo, on the proliferation of preadipocyte 3T3- L1 cells, we examined biological effects of Kuseonwangdogo. The results obtained were as follows. 1. After 14 days, the body weight of rats treated with Kuseonwangdogo decreased more than that in the control group (p<0.05). However, the weights of liver, spleen and kidney were unchanged. In serum biochemical test, we examined the level of glucose (GLU) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT). The levels of GOT and CHOL in serum were decreased remarkably by the administration of Kuseonwangdogo (p<0.05). The haematological examination of the tested group showed significant increment of white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and monocyte (MO). 2. The effect of Kuseonwangdogo on the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells was tested by the sulforhodamin B(SRB) assay. The high concentration ($100{\mu}l\;and\;200{\mu}l$) of extracts inhibited the proliferation of 3T3- L1 cells. The p-value was <0.01, respectively. 3. The extract of Kuseonwangdogo showed a potent anti -complementary activity. It was suggested that the active principle may be a kind of polysaccharide molecule. 4. The cytotoxic effects of Kuseonwang dogo and its composing herbs in human liver cells (WRL68) and monkey kidney cells (Vero) were examined by the SRB and 3- (4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5 diphenyl-2H- tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cytotoxic effects were not observed.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2016

큰실말(Cladosiphon novae-caledoniae kylin, C. novae-caledoniae kylin) 부산물을 이용하여 화장품 소재로써 가능성을 조사하고자, 항산화 효과(DPPH 자유 라디칼 소거 활성), 항균(anti-microbial activity), 미백(tyrosinase inhibition assay), 주름개선(elastase inhibition assay) 및 B16F10 mouse melanoma cell (MTT assay)을 이용한 세포 생존률을 측정하였다. 큰실말 추출물 원물(MC)과 불용성(MI)은 Staphyloccus aureus (S. aureus)와 항생제내성균주인 MRSA에 대하여 활성을 나타내었지만 항곰팡이 활성은 나타내지 않았다. 큰실말 추출물 수용성(MS)은 tyrosine에 대한 tyrosinase 저해효과가 49%로 표준물질인 arbutin 보다 미백효과가 우수하였지만 주름개선효과는 비교적 낮은 활성을 나타내었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능력은 $500{\mu}g/mL$에서 89%로 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구인 큰실말 추출물은 화장품 미백소재로써 좋은 후보군임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

Objectives : Angelicae Gigantis Radix has been known traditional medicine with antimicrobial activities and it has been widely used for treatment of blood and inflammatory diseases. In the present study, some studies examined anti-inflammation effects of Angelicae Gigantis Radix but they usually were performed by ethanol extracted Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture. So We investigated the inhibitory effects of Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by hot water and ethanol extract on Nitric oxide(NO) and Prostaglandin $E_2$($PGE_2$) production in lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced macrophage cell. Methods : Angelicae Gigantis Radix was extracted by ethanol and hot water. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. To evaluate anti-inflammation effects of Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture, we examined NO and $PGE_2$ production in LPS induced macrophages. The concentrations of NO and $PGE_2$ were measured by Griess assay and Enzyme Immuno-Assay. Results : 1) The MTT assay demonstrated that cytotoxic effect of Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by hot water extract and ethanol extract in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were not appeared. 2) Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by ethanol extract and hot water extract inhibited NO production in LPS induced macrophages significantly. 3) Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by ethanol extract tended to inhibiting $PGE_2$ production in LPS induced macrophages. And Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture by hot water extract inhibited LPS induced production of $PGE_2$ in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells significantly. Conclusions : This study suggests that Angelicae Gigantis Radix pharmacopuncture may have an anti-inflammatory property through the inhibition of NO and $PGE_2$ production in LPS induced macrophages. It may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.478-482
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• 2010

죽여 추출물의 미백 효과를 확인하기 위하여 용매와 추출방법을 달리한 6가지의 추출물을 얻어 tyrosinase 활성 억제시험을 하였다. 그 결과 메탄올로 추출한 죽여 추출물에서 tyrosinase 활성 억제 효과가 가장 우수한 것을 확인 하였다. 세포 수준에서 죽여 추출물의 melanin 생성 억제 효과를 알아보기 위해서 B16 melanoma 세포를 이용하여 MTT assay를 실시하였고, 50 ppm의 농도 까지는 세포 독성이 나타나지 않은 것을 확인하였다. 죽여 추출물에 의한 세포 내 melanin 합성 저해 효과를 측정하기 위해 melanin contents assay를 하였고, 10 ppm 추출물을 처리한 extra cellular에서는 control 대비 68%, intra cellular에서는 74% 수준으로 melanin 합성이 저해됨을 확인하였다. 이차원전기영동을 이용하여 B16 melanoma 세포의 proteome을 분석 해 본 결과, 죽여 추출물 을 투여하지 않은 대조군에서는 171개, 추출물을 투여한 것에서는 282개의 spot을 확인하였고, 120개의 spot matching 을 확인하였다. 이 중 미백에 관련된 12개의 단백질 동향분석을 통하여, 죽여 추출물이 melanin 합성 전이나 합성 중에 관련된 메커니즘에 관련하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2012

Cellular effects of ethanol in YD-15 tongue carcinoma cells were assessed by MTT assay, caspase activity assay, Western blotting and flow cytometry. Ethanol inhibited the growth and proliferation of YD-15 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner in an MTT assay. The effects of ethanol on cell cycle control at low percent range of ethanol concentration (0 to 1.5%), the condition not inducing YD-15 cell death, was investigated after exposing cells to alcohol for a certain period of time. Western blotting on the expression of cell cycle inhibitors showed that p21 and p27 was up-regulated as ethanol concentration increases from 0 to 1.5% whilst the cell cycle regulators, cdk1, cdk2, and cdk4 as well as Cyclin A, Cyclin B1 and Cyclin E1, were gradually down-regulated. Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle distribution revealed that YD-15 cells exposed to 1.5% ethanol for 24 h was mainly arrested at G2/M phase. However, ethanol induced apoptosis in YD-15 cells exposed to 2.5% or higher percent of ethanol. The cleaved PARP, a marker of caspase-3 mediated apoptosis, and the activation of caspase-3 and -7 were detected by caspase activity assay or Western blotting. Our results suggest that ethanol elicits inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of YD-15 tongue carcinoma cells by mediating cell cycle arrest at G2/M at low concentration range and ultimately induces apoptosis under the condition of high concentration.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.367-371
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• 2007

Artemisia capillaris THUNB is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Compositae spp and the most common plant among the various herbal folk remedies used in treatment of abdominal pain, hepatitis, chronic liver disease, jaundice and coughing in Korea. This experiment was conducted to investigate cytotoxic effects of Artemisia capillaris extracts on the Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180 cancer cells on in vitro experimental tests. On in vitro tests using MTT assay and SRB assay, the extracts showed prominent cytotoxic effects on the two kinds of cancer cell lines, respectively. Antihumor effects appeared in the concentration of over $250{\mu}g/mL$ of both ethanol and ethyl acetate extract, over $500{\mu}g/mL$ of methanol extract, over $5000{\mu}g/mL$ in water extract and over 50% cytotoxicity on the Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180. The results suggest that Artemisia capillaris extracts have prominent cyotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2022

Objectives : Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by dopaminergic neuronal death in the substantia nigra pars compacta. PD is known to be linked with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. In this study, anti-cytotoxic and anti-oxidative effect of 12 herbal formulae were compared. Methods : According to experts' advice, 12 types of herbal formulae (Gamisoyosan, Galgeuntang, Galgeunhaegitang, Banhabaekchoolcheonmatang, Bojungikgitang, Boheotang, Sihogyejitang, Sihosogantang, Sihocheonggantang, Ojeoksan, Cheongsanggyeontongtang and Palmultang) were selected from 56 types of herbal formulae covered by the National Health Insurance Service in Korea. To detect anti-oxidative effect, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was performed, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to detect anti-cytotoxic effect of 12 herbal formulae using SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Results : In DPPH assay, anti-oxidant activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner and half maximal inhibitory concentration was highest in the order of Galgeuntang, Gamisoyosan, Galgeunhaegitang, Ojeoksan, Palmultang, Sihogyejitang, Sihosogantang, Cheongsanggyeontongtang, Sihocheonggantang, Bojungikgitang, Boheotang and Banhabaekchoolcheonmatang. In MTT assay, concentration of 80% cell survival was highest in the order of Sihosogantang, Cheongsanggyeontongtang, Sihocheonggantang, Sihogyejitang, Bojungikgitang, Galgeuntang, Ojeoksan, Boheotang, Palmultang, Galgeunhaegitang, Banhabaekchoolcheonmatang and Gamisoyosan. Formulae with more than 50% DPPH radical scavenging activity at concentrations for 80% cell survival were Sihosogantang, Cheongsanggyeontongtang, Sihogyejitang, Galgeuntang and Sihocheonggantang. Conclusions : Sihosogantang, Cheongsanggyeontongtang, Sihogyejitang, Galgeuntang and Sihocheonggantang extracts can be candidate medicines for PD, but the effect should be validated in PD models.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2019

본 연구는 사람의 대장암에 천연물인 과라나와 그라비올라가 어떤 효능을 나타내는지를 확인하고자 항산화 활성과 항암활성을 분석하였다. 각각 에탄올로 추출하여 control, 25.0, 50.0, 75, 100.0mg/ml의 농도에서 DPPH분석한 결과 과라나는 50mg/ml에서 80.9%, 그라비올라는 71.4%의 소거율을 보여 유의적인 항산화 활성이 있음을 확인하였다. 인체 대장암 세포주인 HCT-116에서 MTT assay와 FACS에 의한 apoptotic rate로 항암효과를 조사한 결과, 과라나와 그라비올라 모두 세포증식을 강하게 억제하였으며, 특히 10mg/ml의 농도에서 과라나는 96.65±3.71, 그라비올라는 76.58±2.87%의 높은 apoptotic rate를 나타냄으로써 뚜렷한 항암 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 천연 식물성 성분인 과라나와 그라비올라가 대장암의 예방과 치료에 새로운 항암제로서의 기초자료를 제공하는 것이며, 향후 국민건강 및 의료비 절감에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.451-459
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• 2005

한국과 일본을 비롯한 극동아시아 지역에서 널리 사용되고 항암효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 톳, 다시마, 미역, 파래, 김을 대상으로 각 해조류 에탄을 추출물을 Ames test를 이용하여 돌연변이 유발 억제능을 검색하고, MTT assay를 이용하여 HeLa cell, MCF-7 cell과 SNU-638 cell에 대한 암세포 성장억제 효과를 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 5종의 해조류 에탄올 추출물의 2-anthramine에 대한 간접작용 돌연변이능 억제효과를 S. Typhimurium TA 98에서 측정한 결과, 톳$(100\%)$, 다시마$(94.2\%)$가 3.5 mg/plate에서, 파래 $(68.5\%)$가 4.5 mg/plate에서 효과적인 돌연변이 억제능을 나타냈고, S. Typhimurium TA 100에서는 파래$(100\%)$, 톳$(100\%)$, 다시마$(94.1\%)$가 각각 1.5 mg/plate, 2.5 mg/plate, 4.5 mg/plate의 농도에서 최대 돌연변이 억제 효과를 보였다. 반면 미역과 김은 간접작용 돌연변이 억제 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 직접 작용 항돌연변이능을 S. Typhimurium TA 98로 측정한 결과, 톳, 미역과 파래 모두 4.5 mg/plate의 농도에서 각각 $83\%,\;73\%,\;73\%$의 저해율을 보여 2-nitro-flouorene의 돌연변이능에 대한 저해율이 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 S. Typhimurium TA 100에서 sodium azide의 돌연변이능에 대한 저해효과가 가장 큰 해조류는 톳, 다시마와 파래로 세 가지 해조류 모두 3.5 mg/plate의 농도에서 $100\%$ 저해율을 보였다. 반면, S. Typhimurium TA 98에서 미역과 김은 4.5 mg/plate의 농도에서 각각 $73\%,\;50%$ 정도의 저해율을 나타냈고, S. Typhimurium TA 100에서는 $0\%$ 저해율을 보여 직접작용돌연변이에 대한 저해 능력이 적은 것으로 나타났다. MTT assay를 이용하여 HeLa cell과 MCF-7 cell, SNU-638 cell에 대한 암세포 성장억제 효과를 관찰한 결과, 5종 해조류의 에탄을 추출물 모두 암세포 증식을 억제하였다. HeLa cell의 성장을 $90\%$ 이상 저해한 해조류는 톳, 다시마, 미역, 파래였고, 그 효과를 건조무게로 비교하면 파래, 미역, 다시마, 톳의 순이었다. 김은 $56\%$ 저해율을 나타냈다. MCF-7 cell에 대한 세포 성장억제 효과 역시 $90\%$ 이상 저해율을 나타낸 해조류는 파래, 미역, 다시마, 톳의 순이었고, 김은 $50\%$의 저해율을 나타냈다. SNU-638 cell에 대한 세포 성장억제 정도는 HeLa cell이나 MCF-7 cell에 대한 세포성장 억제 효과보다는 다소 낮았다. 저해율이 $70\%$ 이상인 해조류는 파래, 미역, 다시마, 톳이었고, 김은 $68\%$로 나타나 해조류 간에 차이는 적었다. 이상에서 Ames test와 MTT assay를 통해 해조류 에탄올 추출물의 항돌연변이 효과와 암세포 성장억제 효과를 검색한 결과, 톳, 파래와 다시마는 항돌연변이 효과 및 암세포 성장억제 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났고, 암세포에 대한 항암 효과는 각 시료마다 정도의 차이는 있으나 5종의 해조류 모두 암세포 증식을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 해조류가 개발 가능한 고부가가치의 기능성식품 소재임을 확인한 것으로서, 이를 위해서는 갈조류, 녹조류, 홍조류 등의 해조류에 함유된 암예방 또는 항암작용을 가진 새로운 생리활성물질을 탐색할 필요가 있다.