• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.103-123
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effect of several herbal prescriptions such as Tianwangbuxindan qu zhusha, Tianwangbuxindan, Wendantang, Guipitang on the level of $MT_1$ and $MT_2$ melatonin receptors in C6 glial cells. Methods : For this study, we exposed of C6 cells to several herbal prescriptions resulted in non-cytotoxic in various dose as measured by MTT assay, trypan blue count, morphology change and DAPI stain. Results : Tianwangbuxindan qu zhush and Tianwangbuxindan induced the levels of $MT_1$ melatonin receptor expression in a dose-dependent manner without altering the level of $MT_2$ melatonin receptor expression. However, the treatment with Wendantang, Guipitang don't effect of $MT_1$ and $MT_2$ melatonin receptor expression. Conclusions : This results suggest that Tianwangbuxindan can be a promising the regulation of melatonin receptor synthesis, and further studies will be needed to clarify the mechanism.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.291-299
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• 1995

한국의 6개 지역에서 채집한 흰넓적다리붉은쥐(Apodemus peninsulae p peninsulae)를 사용하여. 8개 제한효소로 절단한 미토콘드리아 DNA(mtDNA) 의 단펀들을 분석하였다. 총 29개의 절단단편들이 나타났고. 7개 mtDNA의 clone이 밝혀졌다. 이들 m mtDNA clone간의 nucleotide-sequence divergence(p)는 0.42-2.01%였으 며, 이들은 평균 divergence가 1. 52%인 3개 소군으로 나뒤어졌다. 한 소군은 3 개 clone으로써 3개 지역의 18마리(청주 16. 소백산 1. 설악산 1)였고, 다른 한 소군은 3개 clone으로 4개 지역의 8p1-리(청주 2. 월악산 2. 가야산 2. 해남 2)였 다 나머지 한 소군은 1개 clone으로 청주의 2마리였다. 뿐만아니라, 이들 3개 소 군은 Stu I의 genotype에 있어서 서로 뚜렷한 차이를 보였고, 전자의 2개 소군과 마지막 소군과는 Pvu II의 genotype이 달랐다. 이들 뚜렷한 mtDNA 소군의 분류학적 위치를 규명하기 위하여 한국내 여러지역 의 더 많은 표본들을 사용한 계속적인 연구가 필요하다고 본다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.503-507
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• 1998

Percutaneous absorption and model membrane variations of melationin (MT) in aqueous-based propylene glycol and $2-hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin $vehicles were investigatted. the excised hairless mouse skin (HMS) and two synthetic ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and microporous polyethylene (MPE) were selected as a model membrane. the solubility of MT was determined by phase equilibrium study. the vertical $Franz{\circledR}$ type cell was used for diffusion study. The concentration of MT was determined using reverse phse HPLC system. The MT solubility was the highest in a mixture of PG and $2-HP{\beta}CD$. The percutaneous absorption of MT through excised HMS increased as the solubility increased. However, the permeability coefficient decreased and then slightly increased in mixture of PG and $2-HP{\beta}CD$. On the other hand, both flux and permeability coefficient through EVA membrane decreased as the solubility increased. No MT was detected over 12 h after starting diffusion through MPE membrane. The flux of MT was dependent on the type of membrane selected. Flux of MT was greatest in excised HMS followed by EBA and MPE membrane. Flux of MT through EVA membrane was 5-20 times lower when compared to excised HMS. Interestingly, volumes of donor phase when MPE membrane was used, significantly increased during the study period. the HMS might be applicable to expect plasma concentration of MT in human subjects based on flux and pharmacokinetic parameters as studied previously. the current studies may be applied to deliver MT transdermally using aqueous-based vehicles and to fabricate MT dosage forms.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2017

커뮤니티 음악치료는 현대사회의 시대적 요구를 반영하여 음악치료의 대상과 영역을 커뮤니티로 확장한 음악치료의 최신 분야이다. 본 연구에서는 CoMT의 개념 이해를 돕기 위해 CoMT의 구성개념을 커뮤니티, 음악, 건강으로 구분하고, 실행커뮤니티 이론을 토대로 커뮤니티(사람들의 집합체, 상호작용 행위의 장), 음악(행위의 실체이자 대상, 협업적 음악만들기), 건강(행위의 동기이자 목적, 관계 및 사회적 웰빙)의 각 개념을 구체화하였다. 위의 세 요소 간의 연결성을 바탕으로 CoMT의 구성요소를 도식으로 제시하고, 커뮤힐 도식이라 명명하였다. 커뮤힐 개념에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 Ansdell과 Stige가 커뮤니티 음악치료 논문에서 제시한 두 사례에 해당 개념을 적용하여 분석하였다. CoMT는 타 학문 및 실행 분야와 협업을 하며 사회문화적 맥락에 적응적이고 지속가능한 커뮤니티 발달을 도모할 수 있으므로 적극적인 연구 및 실행이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 CoMT의 핵심개념을 도식화하여 제시함으로서 구성요소와 개념 이해를 명료화할 수 있었고, CoMT 관련 후속 연구 및 실행의 기틀을 마련한 데 의의가 있다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2021

The current study investigated cyber learners' use and perceptions of online machine translation (MT) tools. The results show that learners use several MT tools frequently and extensively for various second language learning (L2) purposes according to their needs. The learners' overall perceptions of using MT for English learning were generally positive. The learners reported several advantages of machine translation: ease of use, helpful feedback, effective revision, and facilitation of self-directed learning. At the same time, a considerable number of learners were aware of MT's drawbacks, such as awkward sentences, inaccurate grammar, and inappropriate words, and thus held a negative or skeptical view on the quality and accuracy of MT. These findings have important pedagogical implications for using MT in the context of a cyber university. For successful integration of MT in English classes, teachers need to provide appropriate guidelines and training that will help learners use MT effectively.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1996

A phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor (MT267-2B) was isolated from the culture broth of actinomycetes isolate MT2617-2 by the extraction with n-butanol and column chromatographic techniques. The molecular weight of the inhibitor was 1057, by the spectroscopic analyses of IR, $^{13}C$-and $^{1}H$-NMR and ESI-MS. The chemical structure of MT2617-2B was found to be a macrolide compound consisted of a hemiketal ring, polyhydroxyl and polymethyl groups, which had a malonate and guanidine group as its side chain. MT2617-2B produced its two isomers having the same molecular weight by standing in methanol solution at room temperature. Therefore, MT2617-2B was identified as copiamycin and niphithricin A, macrolide antibiotics. The values of $IC_{50}$ against PLC-${\gamma}$1 and PLC-${\beta}$1 were 25 and 50${\mu}$g/ml, respectively. MT2617-2B had antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, but not against Escherichia coli.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.642-648
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• 2006

Mushroom tyrosinase (MT) structural changes in the presence of $Cu ^{2+}$ and $Ni ^{2+}$ were studied separately. Far-UV CD spectra of the incubated MT with the either of the metal ions indicated reduction of the well-ordered secondary structure of the enzyme. Increasing in the maximum fluorescence emission of anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS) was also revealing partial unfolding caused by the conformational changes in the tertiary structure of MT. Thermodynamic studies on the chemical denaturation of MT by dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) showed decrease in the stability of MT in the presence of $Cu ^{2+}$ or $Ni ^{2+}$ using their activation concentrations. Both activities of MT were also assessed in the presence of different concentrations of these ions, separately, with various monophenols and their corresponding diphenols. Kinetic studies revealed that cresolase activity on p-coumaric acid was boosted in the presence of either of the metal ions, but inhibited when phenol, L-tyrosine, or 4-[(4-methylphenyl)azo]-phenol was substrate. Similarly, catecholase activity on caffeic acid was enhanced in the presence of $Cu ^{2+}$ or $Ni ^{2+}$, but inhibited when catechol, L-DOPA, or 4-[(4-methylbenzo)azo]-1,2-benzenediol was substrate. Results of this study suggest that both cations make MT more fragile and less active. However, the effect of the substrate structure on the MT allosteric behavior can not be ignored.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.858-862
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• 2008

Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a zinc-dependent proteinase found in cholesterol-rich lipid rafts on the plasma membrane. MT1-MMP hydrolyzes extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, activates pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 (proMMP-2) and plays an important role in ECM remodeling, cancer cell migration and metastasis. The role of caveolin-1, an integral protein of caveolae, in the activation of MT1-MMP remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the expression of caveolin-1 attenuates the activation of proMMP-2, reduces proteolytic cleavage of ECM and inhibits cell migration. We utilized the cytoplasmic tail domain deletion (${\Delta}CT$) or the E240A mutant of MT1-MMP. Co-expression of caveolin-1 with the wild-type or the ${\Delta}CT$ MT1-MMP decreased the proMMP-2 activation and inhibited collagen degradation and cell migration. Caveolin-1 had no effect on the catalytically inert E240A MT1-MMP. Our findings suggest that caveolin-1 is essential in the down-regulation of MT1-MMP activity by promoting internalization from the cell surface.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제23권3호spc1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1993

Sugar spheres loaded with melatonin (MT) were coated with $Aquacoat^{\circledR}$ to control the release rate of MT over 8 hours. A zero-order release pattern over 8 hours was obtained with 20% coating on 8-10 mesh beads in USP basket dissolution studies. MT in 20% coated beads was quite stable at room temperature with less than 5% MT degraded during 6 months' storage. Dissolution profiles were also unchanged after 6 months. An oral preparation containing MT-loaded uncoated beads for immediate release and 20% coated beads with $Aquacoat^{\circledR}$ for controlled release over 8 hours was evaluated in six human subjects. When total 0.5 mg MT as low dose (immediate release portion of MT, 0.1 mg) was administered to four subjects, average peak plasma MT concentration was reached at about 600 pg/ml and maintained at about 10 pg/ml over 8 hours. Plasma MT concentration-time profiles were similar in shape to computer-simulated profiles. However, maximal plasma MT concentrations were three times greater compared to computer simulated curve. These results suggest that MT dose, ratio of immediate and controlled release MT, and pharmacokinetic parameters selected are adjusted to mimic endogenous MT concentration-time curve. In another study, 0.2 mg MT having 10% of immediate release portion and 80% controlled release portion produced plasma MT concentration-time curve which is more similar to endogenous profiles. A low bioavailability (<20%) may result from extensive first pass metabolism and remaining amounts of MT from controlled beads. A good correlation between plasma MT concentration and urinary excretion rate of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (6-STMT), a major metabolite of MT was observed. As plasma MT concentration increased, urinary excretion rate of 6-STMT increased concomitantly. The linear relation between plasma MT and urinary excretion rate of 6-STMT was statistically significant. This result suggests that urinary 6-STMT may be used as an index of circadian rhythms of MT in humans.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2024

MT 탐사는 측점 주변의 지형과 바다와 같은 외부적 환경 요인에 의해서도 자료에 영향을 받는데, 특히 섬에서 수행된 MT 탐사 자료에는 지형효과와 해양효과가 복합적으로 작용하게 되며, 올바른 해석을 위해서는 두 효과에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 지형과 해양의 영향이 포함된 MT 반응(겉보기비저항, 위상)을 분석하기 위해 깊은 바다에 둘러싸인 원뿔 형태의 소규모 섬 모델을 생성하였다. 지형만을 고려한 지형모델, 지형과 바다를 동시에 고려한 섬 모델에 대하여 2차원 순산모델링과 3차원 순산모델링을 수행하고 MT 반응을 확인하였다. 3차원 섬 모델에 대해 2차원 모델링을 수행하면, 측선의 직교 방향에 대한 지형 변화와 바다를 고려하지 못하는데, 3차원 모델링을 수행함으로써 모든 방향의 지형 변화와 섬을 둘러싼 바다를 고려한 MT 반응을 얻을 수 있었다. 언덕과 같이 주변의 기복이 심한 지형에서는 겉보기비저항 XY 성분과 YX 성분의 벌어짐 현상이 전형적으로 발생하였다. 저비저항 이상체가 해수면 아래 1 km 심도에 존재할 경우, MT 반응에서 지형과 바다로 인한 변동과 구분할 수 있으며, 심도 증가에 따라 이상체의 영향이 감쇠하였다. 다양한 조건에서 모델링을 수행하고 MT 반응을 분석함으로써, 현장 MT 자료에 대한 이해를 높이고 자료 해석에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.