• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 1990

MSK waveforms are advantageous from the point of view of reduced interchannel interference. MSK waveform, however, is more difficult to generate than PSK due to its complex pulse shape. A SAW filter is ideally suited for generation of MSK waveform because it provides accurate control of the required impulse responese and linear phase at high frequncies. In this paper, an implementation of SAW based PSK-MSK convert filter, which can easily convert the high frequency PSK waveform to MSK, is studied.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2012

Purpose: Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is a rare congenital disease characterized by diffuse ectasia or dilatation of precalyceal collecting tubules. MSK incidence and prevalence in the general population is uncertain and only a few patients are reported especially in the pediatric age. There has been increasing reports of patients with MSK who have other malformative disorders. Also several case reports concerning about etiological association of some genes. Methods: Collaborative study through nation-wide survey was done to investigate the incidence and etiological association of some genes such as GDNF gene, ATP6V1B1, ATP6V0A4 gene in developing MSK in Korean children. Results: Four cases of MSK who have various other malformative disorders were collected. There are no mutations of GDNF gene, ATP6V1B1, ATP6V0A4 gene in all patients. Conclusion: MSK is one of the very rare diseases in pediatric age. The etiological association of GDNF gene, ATP6V1B1, ATP6V0A4 gene in developing MSK in Korean children is not proved.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.591-601
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• 1993

In this paper, the relationship between k consecutive outputs of the conventional differential detector and output of differential detector with k-bit delayer MSK and GMSK signal, using a k-bit delay circuit, is the product of k successive output of the conventional differential detector. This relationships are used to generalize the structure of receiver which was proposed by Makrakis using 2-bit delay line. The error rate performance of the proposed method is carried out by computer simulation and significant performance improvement is achieved for differential MSK and GMSK system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

For an efficient implementation of cryptosystems based on arithmetic in a finite field $GF(2^n)$, their hardware implementation is an important research topic. To construct a multiplier with low area complexity, the divide-and-conquer technique such as the original Karatsuba-Ofman method and multi-segment Karatsuba methods is a useful method. Leone proposed an efficient parallel multiplier with low area complexity, and Ernst at al. proposed a multiplier of a multi-segment Karatsuba method. In [1], the authors proposed new $MSK_5$ and $MSK_7$ methods with low area complexity to improve Ernst's method. In [3], the authors proposed a method which combines $MSK_2$ and $MSK_3$. In this paper we propose an efficient multiplication method by combining $MSK_2,\;MSK_3\;and\;MSK_5$ together. The proposed method reduces $116{\cdot}3^l$ gates and $2T_X$ time delay compared with Gather's method at the degree $25{\cdot}2^l-2^l with l>0.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07b
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• pp.837-840
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• 1987

In this paper, an MSK modulator and MSK matched Filter using SAW component which is small size and can process high Frequency and wide band signals are described. This modulator and matched Filter have been shown applicable to the transmitter and receiver of spread spectrum communication systems.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

Performance analyses of hybrid DS-SFH spread-spectrum systems using coherent MSK and QPSK modulation techniques are considered over Rayleigh fading channel in the presence of multi-tone jamming. The BER equations for MSK and QPSK systems with non-diversity reception in the receiver are derived as the concept of average signal-to-noise power ratio E$\_$b//N$\_$0/ and jamming-to-signal power ratio JSR, and the performances is evaluated for various system parameters. The evaluation of performance is done between fading and nonfading system, and between MSK and QPSK system. Results show that the performances of two systems are similar in low JSR. However, MSK system outperforms QPSK system as JSR increases. Overall performances of two systems are a little improved as the DS spreading gain increases for the total spread-spectrum bandwidth fixed. The performance difference between fading system and nonfading system is similar in low E$\_$b//N$\_$0/, however, it becomes very largewith increase of E$\_$b//N$\_$0/..

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.2900-2922
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• 2021

In this paper, the power spectral density(PSD) for Multilevel Minimum Shift Keyed signal with modulation index h = 1/2 (M-ary MSK) are derived using the mathematical method of the Markov Chain model. At first, according to an essential requirement of the phase continuity characteristics of MSK signals, a complete model of the whole process of signal generation is built. Then, the derivations for autocorrelation functions are carried out precisely. After that, we verified the correctness and accuracy of the theoretical derivation by comparing the derived results with numerical simulations using MATLAB. We also divided the spectrum into four components according to the derivation. By analyzing these figures in the graphic, each component determines the characteristics of the spectrum. It is vital for enhanced spectral characteristics. To more visually represent the energy concentration of the main flap and the roll-down speed of the side flap, the specific out-of-band power of M-ary MSK is given. OMLCD(Optimum Maximum Likelihood Coherent Detection) of M-ary MSK is adopted to compare the signal received with prepared in advance in a code element T to go for the best. And M-ary MSK BER(Bit Error Rate) is compared with the same ary PSK (Phase Shift Keying) with M=2,4,6,8. The results show the detection method could improve performance by increasing the length of L(memory inherent) in the phase continuity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.945-951
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• 2021

The SOQPSK-TG is a modulated signal for aeronautical telemetry with a very good bandwidth efficiency. In this paper, the frequency waveform filter of the SOQPSK-TG is linearly approximated and modeled with a duobinary precoder and a modified frequency waveform filter having a phase transition period of about 1T_b. In combination with the existing precoder, the SOQPSK-TG is modeled by a double duobinary MSK. Comparing the SOQPSK-TG signal and the newly modeled double duobinary MSK signal in time domain and frequency domain, it is confirmed that the two signals are almost identical and there is virtually no performance difference. Moreover, we can attain 0.1 dB BER performance improvement compared to the existing cosine filter when the filter of the IQ-detector is implemented with a cosine sum filter taking into account the change in the modulation index by the new double doubinary precoder.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1985.10a
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• pp.41-44
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• 1985

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.840-845
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• 2009

Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK1) palys a crucial role in the regulation of transcription downstream of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. MSK1 can be phosphorylated and activated in cells by both ERK1/2 and p38$\alpha$. In this study, Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) was identified as a binding and regulatory partner for MSK1. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, MSK1 was found to interact with the CK2$\beta$ regulatory subunit of CK2. Interactions between MSK1 and the CK2$\alpha$ catalytic subunit and CK2$\beta$ subunit were demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. We further found that CK2$\alpha$ can only interact with the C-terminal kinase domain of MSK1. Using site-directed mutagenesis assay and mass spectrometry, we identified five sites in the MSK1 C-terminus that could be phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro: Ser757, Ser758, Ser759, Ser760 and Thr793. Of these, Ser757, Ser759, Ser760 and Thr793 were previously unknown.