• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.144-154
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• 2023

Objective : Stroke caused from large vessel occlusion (LVO) has emerged as the most common stroke subtype worldwide. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator administration (IV-tPA) and additional intraarterial thrombectomy (IA-Tx) is regarded as standard treatment. In this study, the authors try to find the early recanalization rate of IV-tPA in LVO stroke patients. Methods : Total 300 patients undertook IA-Tx with confirmed anterior circulation LVO, were analyzed retrospectively. Brain computed tomography angiography (CTA) was the initial imaging study and acute stroke magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) followed after finished IV-tPA. Early recanalization rate was evaluated by acute stroke MRA within 2 hours after the IV-tPA. In 167 patients undertook IV-tPA only and 133 non-recanalized patients by IV-tPA, additional IA-Tx tried (IV-tPA + IA-Tx group). And 131 patients, non-recanalized by IV-tPA (IV-tPA group) additional IA-Tx recommend and tried according to the patient condition and compliance. Results : Early recanalization rate of LVO after IV-tPA was 12.0% (36/300). In recanalized patients, favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 0-2) was 69.4% (25/36) while it was 32.1% (42/131, p<0.001) in non-recanalized patients. Among 133 patients, non-recanalized after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and undertook additional IA-Tx, the clinical outcome was better than not undertaken additional IA-Tx (favorable outcome was 42.9% vs. 32.1%, p=0.046). Analysis according to the perfusion/diffusion (P/D)-mismatching or not, in patient with IV-tPA with IA-Tx (133 patients), favorable outcome was higher in P/D-mismatching patient (52/104; 50.0%) than P/D-matching patients (5/29; 17.2%; p=0.001). Which treatment tired, P/D-mismatching was favored in clinical outcome (iv-tPA only, p=0.008 and IV-tPA with IA-Tx, p=0.001). Conclusion : The P/D-mismatching influences on the recanalization and clinical outcomes of IV-tPA and IA-Tx. The authors would like to propose that we had better prepare IA-Tx when LVO is diagnosed on initial diagnostic imaging. Furthermore, if the patient shows P/D-mismatching on MRA after IV-tPA, additional IA-Tx improves treatment results and lessen the futile recanalization.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2006

Objectives : Transcranial Doppler (TCD) has been reported to be established as useful in detecting spasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage and to be probably useful in diagnosing stenosis or occlusion in intracranial arteries. In the detection of intracranial stenosis using TCD there have been reported some kinds of diagnostic criteria. This study was aimed to evaluate the accordance between TCD and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in detection of intracranial stenosis and to find out more accurate criteria for intracranial stenosis using TCD. Methods : Seventy-six stroke patients were evaluated by TCD and MRA. TCD criteria for middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis were used by 3 methods; ≥ 80cm/sec of mean velocity(Vm), ≥ 140 cm/sec of systolic velocity(Vs), and both. For stenosis of vertebral(VA) and basilar arteries(BA), the TCD criteria followed by 2 methods; ≥ 70 cm/sec of Vm and ≥ 100 cm/sec of Vs. The stenosis of intracranial artery in MRA followed by the interpretation of specialist in the department of radiology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy and kappa agreement were calculated in each criteria of TCD compared with the result of MRA. Results : The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy and kappa agreement using ≥ 80cm/sec of Vm for MCA stenosis were 55.6%, 81%, 34.5%, 91.0%, 77.1%, and 0.293, respectively. Using 140 cm/sec of Vs, those were 44.4%, 92.0%, 50.5%, 90.2%, 84.7%, 0.380, and using both criteria those were 44.4%, 95.0%, 61.5%, 90.5%, 87.3%, 0.445, respectively. Those using ≥ 70 cm/sec of Vm for VA and BA stenosis were 71.4%, 93.7%, 26.3%, 99.0%, 93.0%, 0.186 and using ≥ 100 cm/sec of Vs those were 71.4%, 97.3%, 45.5%, 99.1%, 96.5%, 0.539, respectively. Conclusion : These results suggested that for the diagnosis of MCA stenosis using TCD we should use the criteria of both ≥ 80cm/sec of Vm and 140 cm/sec of Vs, and for the VA and BA stenosis we adapt the criteria of ≥ 70 cm/sec of Vm.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2014

목적: 직접 자기공명 견관절 조영술에서 측정한 상부 관절순의 크기와 상부 관절순 전후방 파열과의 관계를 평가하고자 함. 대상과 방법: 만성적인 견관절 통증 또는 불안정성으로 직접 자기공명 견관절 조영술을 시행하고 견관절 관절경 수술을 받은 296명의 환자 (300개의 견관절) 이 연구 대상이 되었다. 모든 환자에서 관절경 수술 기록이 검토되었으며 자기공명영상이 두 명의 영상의학과 의사에 의해 분석되었다. 상부 관절순은 T1 강조 관상면 영상에서 상완 이두근 장두가 사라지고 상부 관절순이 가장 커보이는 단면에서 측정되었다. 역삼각형 모양의 상부 관절순에 대하여 밑변과 높이가 측정되었고 관절경 수술 상에서 상부 관절순 전후방 파열을 가진 군과 그렇지 않은 군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는지 비교하였다. 결과: 17명의 환자는 낮은 영상의 질 때문에 연구에서 제외되었고 총 279명의 환자 (283개의 견관절) 중 122명(43.1%)의 환자에서 상부 관절순 전후방 파열이 있었고 161명 (56.9%)의 환자에서는 없었다. T1 강조 관상면 영상에서 측정된 상부 관절순의 밑변/높이의 평균값은 상부 관절순 전후방 파열을 가진 군과 안 가진 군에서 측정자 1의 경우 8.8 mm / 5.2 mm, 8.5 mm / 4.9 mm 였고 측정자 2의 경우 8.2 mm / 4.9 mm, 8.1 mm / 4.5 mm 그리고 8.0 mm / 4.8 mm, 7.6 mm / 4.3 mm 였다. 상부 관절순 전후방 파열 환자군에서 상부 관절순 높이의 평균이 그렇지 않은 군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 컸다. 결론: 직접 자기공명 견관절 조영술 T1 강조 관상면 영상에서 측정한 상부 관절순의 높이는 상부 관절순 전후방 파열 환자군에서 그렇지 않은 군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 컸으며 이것은 상부 관절순이 관절와를 많이 덮는 경우 상부 관절순 전후방 파열의 소인이 될 가능성을 제시한다.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제15권2호통권62호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2000

기술기준은 전파 이용질서를 확립하여 공공의 이익을 추구하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 고에서는 국가간의 상호인정(MRA) 추진으로 각국의 기술기준을 상호조화 시키는 세계적인 추세에 대응하기 위하여 국내 정보통신 기술기준에 대한 전반적인 재검토를 통하여 기술기준을 이용자 편익 및 권익을 보호할 수 있는 무선설비규칙의 개선 방향에 대하여 논의하고자 한다. 이러한 체계 개선을 통하여 국가의 경쟁력을 강화하고 향후 국제 통신시장에 국제적인 신뢰도를 높이는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 1999년도 제38차 추계학술대회
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• pp.39.1-39.1
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• 1999

• 정보보호학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2000

국제 공통평가기준(CC)은 정보보호제품의 개발·평가·사용을 위한 ISO 15048 국제 표준이다. 국제 공통평가기준의 제 2부 보안기능 요구사항은 정보보호제품의 보안 기능을 11개 클래스로 분류하였고 13개국 인증제품 상호승인 협정(MRA)에 의하여 교차 사용이 가능한 평가된 보안제품을 해설할 수 있는 공통언어로써 사용할 수 있다 보호프로파일(PP)은 특정형태의 제품군의 지녀야 할 보안 목적을 사용자 그룹에서 요구한 명세서이다. 보호프로파일은 제품군의 운영환영, 위협요소를 분석하고 보안기능 요구사항의 부분 집합들을 모아서 제품군이 목표로 하는 보안 목적들을 주장할 수 있다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2001

Authors experienced one case of the strabismus of recurrent abducent nerve palsy with migraine, which was estimated from Brain MRA images to be induced by the sclerotic changes of internal carotid artery in carvernous portion. Headache, double vision, vertigo and corneal reflex improved under the treatment of acupuncture and herbal medicine(J eongyongtang-gagambang).

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.90-102
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• 2004

교정 및/또는 시험기관은 국제상호인증협정 (Global Mutual Recognition Arrangement)에 따라 ISO 17025[1]의 경영요건 및 기술요건의 제반 조건 또는 이와 동등한 조건을 충족시켜야 한다. ISO 17025의 기술요건을 기술한 제 5장, 제 5.10.4 절은 교정성적서 (Calibration Certificate)에 대한 요구사항을 제시하고 있는데, 이들 중 하나가 측정 불확도 (Uncertainty of Measurement)를 교정성적서에 명시하여야 하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 표준 마이크로폰의 가역교정에 따른 제반 불확도 요인을 측정 또는 계산하여 표준 마이크로폰의 교정에 대한 측정 불확도를 계산하였다. 중간 주파수 영역에서 1인치 및 1/2 인치 마이크로폰의 경우 확장불확도는 0.03 dB 였으며 20 Hz에서는 각각 0.10 dB과 0.11 dB, 고주파에서는 각각 0.07 dB와 0.08 dB까지 증가한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.192-198
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• 1993

In 1984, a magnetic resonance spectrometer(magnetic resonance analyser, MRA $I_{TM}$) was developed by Sigrid Lipsett and Ronald J. Weinstock in the USA, Biomedical applications of the spectrometer have been examined by Dr. Hoang Van Duc(pathologist, USC), and Nakamura, et al(Japan). From their theoretical views, the biophysical functions of this machine are to analyse and synthesize a healthy tissue and organ resonance pattern, and to detect and correct an abnormal tissue and organ resonance pattern. All of the above functions are based on Quantum physics. The healthy tissue and organ resonance patterns are predetermined as standard magnetic resonance patterns by digitizing values based on peak resonance emissions(response levels or high pitched echo-sounds amplified via human body). In clinical practice, a counter or neutralizing resonance pattern calculated by the spectrometer can correct a phase-shifted resonance pattern(response levels or low pitched echo-sounds) of a diseased tissue and organ. By administering the counter resonance pattern into the site of pain and trigger point, it is possible to readjust the phase-shifted resonance pattern and then to alleviate pain through regulation of the neurotransmitter function of the nervous system. For assessing clinical effectiveness of pain relief with MRA $I_{TM}$ this study was designed to estimate pain intensity by the patient's subjective verbal rating scale(VRS such as graded to no pain, mild, moderate and severe) before application of it, to evaluate an amount of pain relief as applied the spectrometer by the patients subjective pain relief scale(visual analogue scale, VAS, 0~100%), and then to observe a continuation of pain relief following its application for managing acute and chronic pain in the 102 patients during an 8 months period beginning March, 1993. An application time of the spectrometer ranged from 15 to 30 minutes daily in each patient at or near the site of pain and trigger point when the patient wanted to be treated. The subjects consisted of 54 males and 48 females, with the age distribution between 23~40 years in 29 cases, 41~60 years in 48 cases and 61~76 years in 25 cases respectively(Table 1). The kinds of diagnosis and the main site of pain, the duration of pain before the application, and the frequency of it's application were recorded on the Table 2, 3 and 4. A distinction between acute and chronic pain was defined according to both of the pain intervals lasting within and over 3 months. The results of application of the spectrometer were noted as follows; In 51 cases of acute pain before the application, the pain intensities were rated mild in 10 cases, moderate in 15 cases and severe in 26 cases. The amounts of pain relief were noted as between 30~50% in 9 cases, 51~70% in 13 cases and 71~95% in 29 cases. The continuation of pain relief appeared between 6~24 hours in two cases, 2~5 days in 10 cases, 6~14 days in 4 cases, 15 days in one case, and completely relived of pain in 34 cases(Table 5~7). In 51 cases of chronic pain before the application, the pain intensities were rated mild in 12 cases, moderate in l8 cases and severe in 21 cases. The amounts of pain relief were noted as between 0~50% in 10 cases, 51~70% in 27 cases and 71~90% in 14 cases. The continuation of pain relief appeared to have no effect in two cases. The level of effective duration was between 6~12 hours in two cases, 2~5 days in 11 cases, 6~14 days in 14 cases, 15~60 days in 9 cases and in 13 cases the patient was completely relieved of pain(Table 5~7). There were no complications in the patients except a mild reddening and tingling sensation of skin while applying the spectrometer. Total amounts of pain relief in all of the subjects were accounted as poor and fair in 19(18.6%) cases, good in 40(39.2%) cases and excellent in 43(42.2%) cases. The clinical effectiveness of MRA $I_{TM}$ showed variable distributions from no improvements to complete relief of pain by the patient's assessment. In conclusion, we suggest that MRA $I_{TM}$ may be successful in immediate and continued pain relief but still requires several treatments for continued relief and may be gradually effective in pain relief while being applied repeatedly.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.127-152
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• 2017

1995년 WTO 체제가 출범한 이후 전통적인 무역장벽 이외에 기술규정, 표준 및 적합성평가절차 등과 같은 비관세 기술장벽이 국가 간 교역의 중요한 이슈로 대두되었다. 본 연구는 무역기술장벽의 제거에 필요한 기술기반을 마련하기 위하여 국가측정표준기관(NMIs) 간에 체결된 국제도량형위원회 상호인정협정(CIPM MRA)의 이행이 한국의 교역에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 분석하였다. 국가측정표준의 동등성에 관한 자료인 CMC를 대용변수(proxy)로 중력모형을 활용하여 실증분석한 결과, CMC는 한국의 교역에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 소득이 높은 국가의 CMC가 낮은 국가에 비하여 더 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 우리나라와 같이 무역의존도가 높은 국가의 경우, 공공재로 인식되고 있는 국가측정표준의 확립과 향상을 위하여 지속적인 자원투입을 하는 것이 경제성장에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.