• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2007

The Digital Multimedia Broadcasting(DMB) system is developed to offer high quality multimedia content to the mobile environment. The system adopts the MPEG-4 standard for the main video, audio and other media format. For providing interactive contents, it also adopts the MPEG-4 scene description that refers to the spatio-temporal specifications and behaviors of individual objects. With more interactive contents, the scene description also needs higher bitrate. However, the bandwidth for allocating meta data, such as scene description is restrictive in the mobile environment. On one hand, the DMB terminal renders each media stream according to the scene description. Thus the binary format for scene(BIFS) stream corresponding to the scene description should be decoded and parsed in advance when presenting media data. With this reasoning, the transmission delay of the BIFS stream would cause the delay in transmitting whole audio-visual scene presentations, although the audio or video streams are encoded in very low bitrate. This paper presents the effective optimization technique in adapting the BIFS stream into the expected bitrate without any waste in bandwidth and avoiding transmission delays inthe initial scene description for interactive DMB content.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1611-1620
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• 2004

MPEG-4 supports dynamic scene composition through add/delete/replace of object or change of object's properties. Other existing MPEG-4 players focus on transmitting and playing the multimedia data according to MPEG-4 standard. It is insufficient for MPEG-4's characteristic such as playback of various objects and playback of dynamic scene composition. In this paper, we propose an effective scene compositor which is the core component of MPEG-4 player The scene compositor is an optimized processor that searches efficiently the scene graph, creates the data structure for independent management of object information and improves processing ability of user interaction. The scene compositor supports sufficiently scene description information, and is managed independently in player for component extension and application of mobile environment.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.966-969
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• 2006

Interactive DMB contents are provided by MPEG-4 scene description. The abundant interactions of the user bring on the high bit rate of MPEG-4 scene description. But DMB system has low bandwidth and limited bit rate. So we need new authoring method for MPEG-4 scene description. In this paper, we proposed a seamless authoring method for the DMB environment. It can generate BIFS information tinily and dynamically. The research result can be used by DMB system for a seamless MPEG-4 contents transmission.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.25-33
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• 2010

Multi-media service has been changed into user based audio services, which service supports actively user's preference and interaction with the users. In the market, multi-media products which can support the highest audio-quality by using lossless audio technology have been released and object audio music which user can select the objects has been serviced. In this paper, we design user's preference information based object audio file format and audio scene description for storage and transmission media. The designed file format is designed based on MPEG-4 file format because high-quality audio codecs in MPEG-4 audio can be easily used and the track of file format can be flexibly controlled depend on the number of the instrument in music. The encoded audio data of each objects and encoded audio scene description by binary encoding that has independent track are packed in a file. The scene description for storage media is consist of full and object scene description, the scene description for transmission media has an essential description for object audio operation and a specific description for real audio sound. The designed file format based simulator is developed and it generates an object audio file with several scene descriptions. Also, the real audio sound is serviced by the interaction with user and the unpacked scene description.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.3 s.32
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• pp.363-378
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• 2006

The Digital Multimedia Broadcasting(DMB) system is developed to offer high quality audio-visual multimedia contents to the mobile environment. The system adopts MPEG-4 standard for the main video, audio and other media format. It also adopts the MPEG-4 scene description for interactive multimedia contents. The animated and interactive contents can be actualized by BIFS(Binary Format for Scene), the binary format for scene description that refers to the spatio-temporal specifications and behaviors of the individual objects. As more interactive contents are, the scene description is also needed more high bitrate. However, the bandwidth for allocating meta data such as scene description is restrictive in mobile environment. On one hand, the DMB terminal starts demultiplexing content and decodes individual media by its own decoder. After decoding each media, rendering module presents each media stream according to the scene description. Thus the BIFS stream corresponding to the scene description should be decoded and parsed in advance of presenting media data. With these reason, the transmission delay of BIFS stream causes the delay of whole audio-visual scene presentation although the audio or video streams are encoded in very low bitrate. This paper presents the effective optimization technique for adapting BIFS stream into expected MPEG-2 TS bitrate without any bandwidth waste and avoiding the transmission delay of the initial scene description for interactive DMB contents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.192-195
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• 2001

MPEG-4 content is streaming media that are composed of different types of media objects, organized in a hierarchical fashion. This paper proposes scene composition model for authoring MPEG-4 contents which can support object based interactions. And we have developed MPEG-4 contents authoring tool applied the proposed scene composition model as intermediate data structure. Particularly, for supporting interoperability between multimedia contents, the scene composition model should be used independent of file format. So visual scene composed of media objects on the from of scene composition tree can be transformed variable data format including BIFS, scene description from proposed by MPEG-4 standard and also support the extension of capability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.91-94
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• 2001

MPEG-4 시스템은 장면 자체를 하나의 구성 요소로 여기는 기존의 시스템과는 달리, 그 장면을 구성하는 부호화 또는 복호화된 A/V 객체(Audio/visual Objects)들을 하나의 단위로 인식하여, 다양한 멀티미디어 컨텐츠의 장면을 구성(Scene Composition)하고 표현 하는 것에 그 특징이 있다. 이러한 MPEG-4 시스템의 객체 기반 특징은 다양한 사용자와의 대화성(Interactivity)을 가능하게 하며 , 또한 편리한 컨텐츠 편집 및 재사용 등이 가능하기에 차세대 디지털 방송 컨텐츠 제작에 중요하게 활용될 전망이다. 객체 기반 A/V 편집 도구는 MPEG-4를 기반으로 차세대 디지털 방송 컨텐츠 제작을 용이하게 하기 위한 제작/편집 도구로써 , 장면을 표현하기 위하여 BIFS(Binary Format for Scene description)와 XMT(eXtensible MPEG-4 Textual format) 포맷을 모두 사용하고 있다. BIFS 포맷은 저작된 결과물을 바이너리 형태로 표현하기 때문에, 저작된 결과물을 전송하는 데에는 용이하나, 중간에 저작된 결과물을 확인하기 어렵고, 또한 기존의 다른 어플리케이션과의 상호 작용(Interoperability)과 교환(Exchange)에도 어려움이 따른다. 이에 반해, XMT는 차세대 마크업 언어로 각광 받고 있는 XML 에 그 기반을 두고 있기에 저작된 결과물을 제작자가 쉽게 저작물을 이해할 수 있으며, SMIL 과 X3D 같은 다른 어플리케이션과의 상호작용과 교환 또한 용이하게 한다 XMT는 기술 방법에 따라 XMT-A 와 XMT-0 두 가지 형태가 있으며, XMT-A 포맷은 VRML에서 발전한 X3D(extensible 3D)를 바탕으로 MPEG-4 시스템의 특징들을 수용하여 구성되고 BIFS와 일대일로 대응된다. 반면에 XMT-0는 멀티미디어 문서를 웹문서로 표현하는 SMIL 2.0 을 그 기반으로 하였기에 MPEG-4 시스템의 특징보다는 컨텐츠를 저작하는 제작자의 초점에 맞추어 개발된 형태이다. XMT를 이용하여 컨텐츠를 저작하기 위해서는 사용자 인터페이스를 통해 입력되는 저작 정보들을 손쉽게 저장하고 조작할 수 있으며, 또한 XMT 파일 형태로 출력하기 위한 API 가 필요하다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 XMT 형태의 중간 자료형으로의 저장 및 조작을 위하여 XML 에서 표준 인터페이스로 사용하고 있는 DOM(Document Object Model)을 기반으로 하여 XMT 문법에 적합하게 API를 정의하였으며, 또한, XMT 파일을 생성하기 위한 API를 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 제공된 API는 객체기반 제작/편집 도구에 응용되어 다양한 멀티미디어 컨텐츠 제작에 사용되었다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.31-37
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• 2008

MPEG 4 Part 20 LASeR (ISO/IEC 14496 20) is a specification designed to deliver rich media services in a mobile environment. The specification is an emerging standard that can replace the MPEG 4 BIFS specification designed to deliver PC based heavyweight media contents. The specification describes the representation of scene information in a resource constrained mobile environment. Unlike the BIFS standard designed to deliver heavyweight rich media, the LASeR specification has a restricted description that conforms to the SVG Tiny 1.2 specification. Also, the specification has an advantage of allowing for the efficient conversion of one graphics format to another. In this paper, we present the design and the implementation of a LASeR authoring system that allows for fast and efficient creation of interactive rich media contents in a mobile environment. The Gill interface of the authoring system presented in this paper allows users, who do not have prior knowledge of the scene description language, to conveniently create contents and store the produced scenes using the internal list data structure. The system allows users to navigate scene objects internally stored and to create LASeR XML files in the structured XML format.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.188-191
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 MPEG-4 LASeR (Lightweight Application Scene Representation) 장면기술을 활용하여 효과적인 EPG(Electronic Program Guide) 서비스를 제공하는 방안을 제안한다. EPG는 텔레비전 방송 프로그램의 편성표를 텔레비전 화면상에 표시하는 것으로, 텔레비전을 시청하는 사람은 이 편성표를 통해 원하는 프로그램을 선택하거나 시간, 제목, 채널, 장르 등을 기준으로 원하는 프로그램을 검색할 수 있는 서비스를 말한다. 국제 표준 규격인 MPEG-4에는 장면의 동적인 업데이트를 위해 다양한 명령을 포함한 장면 서술정보를 제공 할 수 있는 LASeR 기술을 제공하고 있다. 특히, LASeR 표준은 구조화된 정보의 표현 및 수정 방법을 제공하기 위한 방법으로 PMSI (Presentation Method & Structured Information)를 제정하였으며, 해당 기술은 장면 서술정보에서 구조화된 정보의 일부분을 참조하여 장면에 효과적으로 표현하는 것을 가능하게 해 준다. 본 논문에서는 MPEG-4 LASeR PMSI를 기존의 텍스트 중심의 단순 EPG에 적용하여 텍스트 뿐만이 아닌 이미지 비디오 등의 멀티미디어 데이터를 활용하여 보다 동적으로 EPG 서비스를 제공하는 방법에 대하여 제안한다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1014-1028
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• 2012

Recently, N-screen service and secondary device have gotten an attention from public. Also, we can experience N-screen service through various digital devices. N-screen means multimedia technology which can seamlessly consume multimedia content. Secondary device means auxiliary multimedia device which can consume content related to main content through adjunct connection to main device. Not only be electronic manufactures interested in N-screen technology and services but also digital devices applied for N-screen have been released. But it has limitation that user can only consume content to be purchased from content company server not device of user. This paper proposes the system that composes effective and various N-screen multimedia service through MPEG-4 LASeR (Lightweight Application Scene Representation) PMSI (Presentation and Modification of Structured Information) as international standard technology which can provide scene description including many instruction for dynamic update of scene.