• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.501-512
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• 2005

In Exp. 1, a total of forty eight multiparous sows were used in a 21-d performance assay. All litters were standardized at eleven piglets within 24h of parturition. Sows were fed one of the four experimental diets 1) CON(basal diet; Control), 2) MP1(basal diet added 0.05% of medicinal plant mixtures), 3) MP2 (basal diet added 0.1% of medicinal plant mixtures) and 4) MP3(basal diet added 0.2% of medicinal plant mixtures). Backfat thickness difference from farrowing to weaning was tended to increase in CON treatment compared to those of medicinal plants mixture(MP) treatments. However, there were not significant differences among the treatments(P>0.05). Sow’s ADFI was increased in sows fed MP2 treatment compared to MP3 treatment(P<0.05). Piglet weight gain was tended to increase in MP1 treatment compared to CON treatment(P<0.05). The glucose concentration of MP3 treatment was higher that of CON treatment(P<0.05). Exp. 2, a total of one hundred twenty weaning pigs ($L{\time}Y{\time}D$, 4.70$\pm$0.63kg average initial body weight) were used in a 20-d performance assay. Weanling pigs were fed treatments diets included 1) CON(basal diet; Control), 2) MP0.05(basal diet added 0.05% of medicinal plant mixtures), 3) MP0.1(basal diet added 0.1% of medicinal plant mixtures) and 4) MP0.15(basal diet added 0.15% of medicinal plant mixtures). Through entire experimental period, as MP increased in the diets, there was an increase in ADG(linear, P<0.067), improvement gain/feed(linear, P<0.018) and a decrease in ADFI (linear, P<0.008). DM digestibility was significantly increased with addition of MP(linear, P<0.004; quadratic, P<0.030). In conclusion, sows fed MP2 had showed less body weight loss and increased weight gain for suckling piglet. In weaning pigs, as supplementation MP from 0.05 to 0.1% in diet had improved growth performance and DM digestibility.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2005

Purpose: Some gastric cancer patients in whom the cancer has infiltrated up to the muscularis propria (mp) have a good postoperative course similar to that of early gastric cancer (EGC) patients (this does not match the general classification of gastric cancer). Therefore, we performed a retrospective analysis of 125 patients with mp gastric cancer based on the degree of mp invasion. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic features of 125 cases of mp gastric cancer were subdivided according to depth of invasion, and were retrospectively reviewed and compared with the surgical features of 222 patients with gastric cancer invading the submucosa (sm). For each tumor, using the section that showed the greatest extent of invasion, we evaluated the degree of tumor invasion into the mp layer at a magnification of $\times$100. The patients were classified into 2 groups: mp1, the tumor was limited to the first of the 3 mp layers, and mp2, the tumor had expanded beyond the first layer. Results: Patients with mp1 (n=50) had a significantly lower incidence of lymph node metastasis, and a smaller tumor size than patients with mp2 (n=75) (P=0.01 and P=0.029, respectively). The 5-year survival rate of mp1 patients was significantly better than that of mp2 patients ($95.3\%\;vs.\;77.6\%$, P=0.0282), but was similar to that ($91.2\%$) of the 222 sm patients. The 5-year survival rate of mp patients without lymph node metastasis (n=55) was significantly better than that of those with lymph node metastasis (n=70)($93.3\%\;vs.\;78.2\%$, P=0.0192). Patients with mp1 had a significantly higher incidence of lymph node metastasis ($42.5\%\;vs\;23\%$, P=0.006) than patients with sm. Conclusion: There were clear differences in clinical features between the mp1 and the mp2 patients. Subdivision of mp gastric cancer according to the depth of invasion may enable a more precise prognosis and a more pertinent treatment plan for mp patients. In particular, as the clinicopathological findings and surgical outcomes for mp1 patients were akin to those of the sm patients, mp1 patients may require treatment analogous to that administered to patients with sm gastric cancer. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2005;5:101-105)

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.207-213
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) and pH-shift processing on the functional properties of porcine myofibrillar proteins (MP). The pH-shift processing was carried out by decreasing the pH of MP suspension to 3.0, followed by re-adjustment to pH 6.2. The native (CM) and pH-shifted MP (PM) was reacted with and without MTGase, and the gelling and emulsion characteristics were compared. To compare the pH-shifted MTGase-treated MP (PT), deamidation (DM) was conducted by reacting MTGase with MP at pH 3.0. Rigid thermal gel was produced by MTGase-treated native MP (CT) and PT. PM and DM showed the lowest storage modulus (G') at the end of thermal scanning. Both MTGase and pH-shifting produced harder MP gel, and the highest gel strength was obtained in PT. All treatments yielded lower than CM, and CT showed significantly higher yield than PM and DM treatments. For emulsion characteristics, pH-shifting improved the emulsifying ability of MP-stabilized emulsion, while the treatments had lower emulsion stability. PM-stabilized emulsion exhibited the lowest creaming stability among all treatments. The emulsion stability could be improved by the usage of MTGase. The results indicated that pH-shifting combined with MTGase had a potential application to modify or improve functional properties of MP in manufacturing of meat products.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2005

In this paper, we have analyzed the effects of the interference from HAPS airship stations to P-MP FWA base station and to P-MP FWA terminal station, using more detail parameters such as a new interference model, a realistic HAPS scenario, practical antenna patterns for both HAPS system and FWA system. The analysis results show that, in the case of interference from HAPS AS into the P-MP FWA BS, compatibility between two systems can be obtained by using a sectored BS antenna with the boresight directed away from the nadir. However, in the case of Interference from HAPS AS into the P-MP FWA TS, the two systems cannot operate effectively in the same bands unless the separation distance is guranteed and/or some form of interference mitigation technique is employed such as dynamic channel allocation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1518-1522
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• 1999

This work was to determine the quality changes of milk with respect to the chemical components when HTST pasteurized by microwave energy. Raw milk was HTST pasteurized $(at\;72^{\circ}C\;for\;15\;sec)$ by three methods; by heating in a stainless steel tube immersed in a hot water bath (MP0), by heating in a microwave cavity to a desired temperature and then holding in a hot water bath (MP1) and by both heating and holding in a microwave cavity (MP2). There were no significant differences in pH and titratable acidity before and after pasteurization and among the different pasteurization methods. MP1 or MP2 showed better retention or less destruction than MP0 with respect to vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, ascorbic acid and lysine content. The higher retention of nutrients of the MP1 or MP2 supports the possibility of using microwave energy for the pasteurization of milk and other fluid food products.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.105
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• pp.152-157
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• 2006

In this paper, we have analyzed the effects of interference from HAPS ground stations to P-MP FWA base station and to P-MP FWA terminal station using more detail parameters such as a new interference model, a realistic HAPS scenario, practical antenna patterns for both the HAPS system and FWA systems. The analysis results show that, in the case of interference from HAPS GSs into a P-MP BS, compatibility of the two systems can be obtained by using a sectored BS antenna with the boresight directed away from the nadir. However, in the case of interference from HAPS GSs into a P-MP TS, the two systems cannot operate effectively in the same band unless the separation distance is guranteed and/or some form of interference mitigation technique is employed such as dynamic channel allocation.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.562-567
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate of improving extruded pellet (EP) for growth of juvenile flounder by comparing with raw fish-based moist pellet (MP) diet. Two replicate groups of 80 fish per each tank (initial weight of $36.0{\pm}1.2 g$) were fed one of the three EPs (EP1, EP2 and CEP) and (MP for 16 weeks. Survival was not significantly affected by experimental diets (P>0.05). Weight gain of fish fed the MP was not significantly different from that of fish fed the EP1 & EP2 (P>0.05), but that of fish fed CEP was significantly lower than that of fish fed MP (P<0.05). Specific growth rate of fish fed the CEP was significantly lower than those of fish fed EP1, EP2 and MP (P<0.05). Feed efficiency of fish fed the EP1 was significantly higher than those of fish fed CEP and MP (P<0.05), but not significantly different from those of fish fed EP2 (P>0.05). The Contents of crude protein and crude lipid in whole body were significantly different among all groups (P<0.05). Therefore, these results strongly suggest that EP1 & EP2 diets could be developed to replace MP diet for flounder without adverse effects on growth performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.244-249
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• 2003

To investigate the hepatic oxygen free radical metabolizing system and changes of serum cholesterol levels in rats fed a diet supplemented with Monascus pigment (MP), Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 300 g have been fed a diet supplemented with 2% or 4% MP for a month. The rats fed 2% MP supplemented diet gained less body weight than the control rats and those fed 4% W supplemented diet. Those fed 2% or 4% MP supplemented diet had no remarkable changes in liver function on basis of liver weight/body weight, serum levels of xanthine oxidase, alanine amino transferase activity In rats fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet, hepatic cytochrome P45O dependent aniline hydroxylase activity significantly (p<0.05) declined about 32%, 37% respectively and showed no significant differences between rats fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet whereas those fed 2% MP supplemented diet showed about 29% increased hepatic xanthine oxidase activity. And hepatic glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activites in rats fed 2% MP supplemented were more increased by about 17%, 28% respectively than the control rats. There were no significant differences both in between those fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet. Especially rats fed 2% or 4% MP supplemented diet showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in hepatic catalase activity by 41%, 25% compared with control rats and those fed 4% MP supplemented diet showed more decrease in tendency of catalase activity than those 2% MP supplemented diet. But hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content were appeared to be similar value among three groups. On the other hand, rats fed 2% MP supplement diet showed 17% increased levels of serum HDL-choresterol and 26% decreased value of LDL-cholesterol and serum level of triglyceride. But no different value were appeared between those fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet. Especially in those fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet, artherogenic index were significantly (p<0.05) declined by 37%, 29% respectively compared with control. In conclusion, it is likely that rats fed a diet supplemented with a proper quantity of MP may have the potential of oxygen free radical detoxication and lowering of artherogenic index.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2021

Commercially used disposable cups undergo fragmentation in the environment and become microplastics (MPs). These MPs can be ingested by aquatic organisms and cause a range of adverse effects. We assessed the acute and chronic toxicity of disposable cup-derived MP fragments in Daphnia magna. MP fragments were identified as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragment with a size of 33.18 ± 7.76 ㎛. The presence of three additives including 1- Propanone. 1-phenyl-3-[2-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]-, p-Xylene and ethylbenzene was analyzed from MP fragments. The 48 h acute toxicity revealed that 20 % of immobilization and mortality were found at the highest concentration of PET MP (200 mg L^-1). The 21 d chronic toxicity revealed that PET MP fragments significantly (p < 0.05) more reduced survival rate (31 %), total offspring (52 %) in D. magna compared with control group. The developmental abnormality of offspring (3.5%) by PET MP fragments was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than control groups (0.3%). These results are possibly induced by gut blocking by ingestion of MP fragments and their longer retention time. These findings indicate that the fragmentation of disposable cups (PET polymers) into small-sized MP fragments pose a significant ecological risk to aquatic organisms. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying toxicity mechanisms.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2023

Objective: To compare Octopus multipurpose (MP) electrodes, which are capable of saline instillation and direct tissue temperature measurement, and conventional electrodes for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in porcine livers in vivo. Materials and Methods: Sixteen pigs were used in this study. In the first experiment, RFA was performed in the liver for 6 minutes using Octopus MP electrodes (n = 15 ablation zones) and conventional electrodes (n = 12 ablation zones) to investigate the effect of saline instillation. The ablation energy, electrical impedance, and ablation volume of the two electrodes were compared. In the second experiment, RFA was performed near the gallbladder (GB) and colon using Octopus MP electrodes (n = 12 ablation zones for each) with direct tissue temperature monitoring and conventional electrodes (n = 11 ablation zones for each). RFA was discontinued when the temperature increased to > 60℃ in the Octopus MP electrode group, whereas RFA was performed for a total of 6 minutes in the conventional electrode group. Thermal injury was assessed and compared between the two groups by pathological examination. Results: In the first experiment, the ablation volume and total energy delivered in the Octopus MP electrode group were significantly larger than those in the conventional electrode group (15.7 ± 4.26 cm³ vs. 12.5 ± 2.14 cm³, p = 0.027; 5.48 ± 0.49 Kcal vs. 5.04 ± 0.49 Kcal, p = 0.029). In the second experiment, thermal injury to the GB and colon was less frequently noted in the Octopus MP electrode group than that in the conventional electrode group (16.7% [2/12] vs. 90.9% [10/11] for GB and 8.3% [1/12] vs. 90.9% [10/11] for colon, p < 0.001 for all). The total energy delivered around the GB (2.65 ± 1.07 Kcal vs. 5.04 ± 0.66 Kcal) and colon (2.58 ± 0.57 Kcal vs. 5.17 ± 0.90 Kcal) were significantly lower in the Octopus MP electrode group than that in the conventional electrode group (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusion: RFA using the Octopus MP electrodes induced a larger ablation volume and resulted in less thermal injury to the adjacent organs compared with conventional electrodes.