• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1997

The molecular weight 30 kDa membrane protein of Toxoplusma Sondii (Toxoplasma 30 kDa) apparently conserved in most strains of T. gondii and sera of infected hosts. The present study aimed to elucidate Toxoplasmc 30 kDa as a useful diagnotic antigen for serodiagnisis of toxoplasmosis by ELISA and for induction of protective immunity. Murine spleen cells immunized with the membrane antigen of T. gondii were fused with mouse Sp2/0-Ag 14 myeloma cells. Out of 8 clones selected, five were IgG2b, the others belonged to IgG 1 and IgG2a. The 30 kDa antigen was distributed mainly on the surface membrane of tachyzoites by indirect fluorescence method. Murine peritoneal macrophages which were activated by 30 kDa antigen produced more amounts of NO2 compared with crude antigen-treated group, however there were no significant differences in toxoplamacidal activity between the two groups. Higher specificity of Toxoplosma 30 kDa antigen was recognized for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis than the crude antigen. From these results, ToxopLasmo 30 kDa antigen enhances the cytotoxic effect of macrophages as well as a more reliable means for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis by ELISA. Key words: Toxoplosma gondii, 30 kDa antigen (p30), mouse, serodiagnosis, macrophage, cytotoxicity.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2009

Oryza grandiglumis Chitinase IVa (OgChitIVa) cDNA encoding a class IV chitinase was cloned from wild rice (Oryza grandiglumis). OgChitIVa cDNA contains an open reading frame of 867 nucleotides encoding 288 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 30.4 kDa and isoelectric point of 8.48. Deduced amino acid sequences of OgChitIVa include the signal peptide and chitin-binding domain in the N-terminal domain and conserved catalytic domain. OgChitIVa showed significant similarity at the amino acid level with related monocotyledonous rice and maize chitinase, but low similarity with dicotyledoneous chitinase. Southern blot analysis showed that OgChitIVa genes are present as two copies in the wild rice genome. It was shown that RNA expression of OgChitIVa was induced by defense/stress signaling chemicals, such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethephon or cantharidin and endothall or wounding, and yeast extract. It was demonstrated that overexpression of OgChitIVa in Arabidopsis resulted in mild resistance against the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, by lowering disease rate and necrosis size. RT-PCR analysis showed that PR-1 and PR-2 RNA expression was induced in the transgenic lines. Here, we suggest that a novel OgChitIVa gene may play a role in signal transduction process in defense response against B. cinerea in plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.102-109
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• 2010

Fructan has been found to accumulate in various tissues during periods when light levels increased carbon fixation where low temperatures reduced growth rates while photosynthesis continued. In this study, we have cloned 1-sucrose:sucrose fructosyl transferase(1-sst) and 1-fructan: fructan fructosyl transferase (1-fft, a key enzyme for the synthesis of fuctan) from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). The recombinant vector with 1-sst and 1-fft has been constructed under the control of 35S promoter of KJGV-B2 vector and transgenic plants obtained by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. PCR analysis carried out on the putative transgenic plants for amplification of the coding region of specific gene (1-sst, 1-fft), and HPT genes. Transgenic lines carrying of 1-sst and 1-fft were confirmed for integration into the rice genome using Southern blot hybridization and RT-PCR. The transgenic plants in $T_2$ generation were selected and expression pattern analysis revealed that 1-sst and 1-fft were stable. This analysis confirmed the presence of low-molecular-weight fructan in the seedling of the transgenic rices. Therefore, cold tolerance and carbohydrate metabolism will be possible to develop resistant plants using the transgenic rice.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.31-42
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• 2007

To investigate the pyrolytic and anatomical characteristics of Korean softwood, Pinus densi-flora, Pinus rigida and Larix leptolepis, and hardwood, Acer palntatum, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Quercus variabilis, chemical components analysis, TG-DTA (Thermogravimetric Analysis & Differential Thermal Analysis), MBA (Methylene Blue Adsorption) test and SEM observation were carried out. For TG-DTA, samples were carbonized up to $800^{\circ}C$ at the heating rate of $10^{\circ}C$/min under $N_2$ flows 1 l/min using thermogravimetric analyzer. Chemical component analysis of all samples resulted in typical contents of major wood component. In TG-DTA results, softwood showed higher char yield than hardwood, and lignin displayed the highest char yield among the major wood components. All samples showed typical TGA, DTG and DTA curves for wood pyrolysis except a few differences between softwood and hardwood. Content of lignin influenced its pyrolysis characteristics, while molecular structure of lignin affected not only the weight loss but also the yield of char. In MBA test results, MBA of softwoods was higher than that of hardwoods. Char of Pinus densiflora showed the highest MBA, but its degree was lower than activated carbon or fine charcoal about 23 and 4 times, respectively. SEM observation showed carbonization process preserves wood structure and retain the micro-structure of wood fibers.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 1999

Thrombosis in valve or left atrium after mechanical mitral valve replacement causes prosthetic valve dysfunction or thromboembolism. Early and adequate therapy is very important but clinically not easy. Thrombolysis can avoid reoperation-related risks and act as an optimal therapy for prosthetic valve thrombosis. This report describes three patients who were treated by using low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and wafarin. Two patients, including one pregnant woman, had prosthetic valve thrombosis and immobility of valve leaflets, and one patient with recent cerebral infarction due to thromboembolism had thrombus in left atrium. Fraxiparine 0.3 cc (7,500 ICU AXa) was administrated subcutaneously twice or triple daily. At discharge, thrombosis in valve and left atrium were completely or near totally lysed and valve leaflets were normally mobile. During the period of thrombolysis and follow up, there were no complications in all patients.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2000

Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase was purified from recombinant strain E. coli CNU312 carrying the tomB gene which was cloned from toluene-degrading Burkholderia cepacia G4. The purification of this enzyme was performed by acetone precipitation, Sephadex G-75 chromatography, electrophoresis and electro-elution. The molecular weight of native enzyme was about 140.4 kDa and its subunit was estimated to be 35 kDa by SDS-PAGE. It means that this enzyme consists of four identical subunits. This enzyme was specifically active to catechol, and$K_(m)$ value and $V_(max)$value of this enzyme were 372.6 $\mu$M and 39.27 U/mg. This enzyme was weakly active to 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, and 4-chlorocatechol, but rarely active to 2,3-DHBP. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were pH 8.0 and $40^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was inhibited by $Co^(2+)$, $Mn^(2+)$, $Zn^(2+)$, $Fe^(2+)$, $Fe^(3+)$, and $Cu^(2+)$ ions, and was inactivated by adding the reagents such as N-bromosuccinimide, and $\rho$-diazobenzene sulfonic acid. The activity of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase was not stabilized by 10% concentration of organic solvents such as acetone, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, and acetic acid, and by reducing agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, and ascorbic acid. The enzyme was inactivated by the oxidizing agent $H_(2)$$O_(2)$, and by chelators such as EDTA, and ο-phenanthroline.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2001

A Bacillus circulans KCTC3004 $\beta$-1,3-glucanase gene contained in a recombinant plasmid pLM460 derived from subcloning the original recombinant plasmid pLM530 was trasferred into a new shuttle vector plasmid pLMS1180 by ligating linearized DNAs of pLM460 and pUB110. B. subtilis RM125 and B. megaterium ATCC14945 transformed with pLMS1180 produced the $\beta$-1,3-glucanase substantially. Most of the enzyme was produced during the exponential growth period. The maxium activities of the $\beta$-1,3-glucanase produced by the Bacillus transformants were compared with that of the B. circulans gene donor strain. The B. subtilis RM125 (pLM1180) enzyme showed the activity 14 times higher than that of the gene donor cells, followed by the B. megaterium ATCC14945 (pLMS 1180) enzyme with activity 5 times higher than that of the gene donor cells. While E. coli secreted about 7% of the produced enzyme, B. subtilis excreted the enzyme into the medium wholly and B. megaterium about 97% of the total product. The SDS-PAGE of this enzyme produced in E. coli (pLMS1180), B subtilis (pLMS1180) or B. megaterium (pLMS1180) indicated a molecular weight of 38,000. The enzymes overproduced in three different host cells hydrolyzed laminarin to produce mainly laminaribiose, laminaritriose, and laminarioligosaccharides. The plasmid pLMS1180 was stable in B. megaterium, E. coli, but was unstable in B. subtilis.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 1985

The study was carried out to find effects of the saponins that were extracted from red ginseng on the growth of, aflatoxins production by, and protein patterns of Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357. A. flavus with $10^6$ conidia as grown at $30^{\circ}C$ for seven days on the enriched medium. Mycelial growth and pH changes of medium which cultured the mold, were similar to those of the control group. However, aflatoxin which produced by the mold was less than that of the control in all concentration of the saponin. To be more specific, 0.3 % of the saponin inhibited production of aflatoxin $B_1$ and $G_1$ to the extent of 31.6 and 21% of the control. The protein peaks of A. flavus at the fourth day of the culture were shown high intensity near the level of 14,300 daltons. However, the mold which cultured in the medium containing the saponin showed low intensity of protein than that of the control group on all molecular weight.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 1987

A raw starch saccharifying enzyme from Aspergillus sp. SN-871 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, CM-Sephadex C-50 column chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. The specific activity of purified enzyme was 18 fold and the yeild was 13.40%. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated as approximately 40,000 dalton by the method of Andrews gel filtration. The optimum pH and temperature for this enzyme were found to be 4 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively and the stable range of pH was 2 to 5. The enzyme was themostable at below $60^{\circ}C$ and inactivated at $70^{\circ}C$. It showed a tendency to increase the enzyme activity under the presence of 0.01 M $BaCl_2$, but under 0.01 M$Pb(NO_3)_2$, $AgSO_4$, and $K_3Fe(CN)_6$ and citric acid etc. inhibited it completely. The substrate specifity of enzyme showed a tendency to increase the enzyme activity under addition of dextrin and glycogen, but under saccharose inhibited it. COD removal rate of Aspergillus sp. SN-871 was approximately 67 to 68%.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.324-336
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• 1992

On the five interspecific protoplast fusants of Ganoderma lucidum and G. applanatum was the antitumor test performed. The fusant F-2 was selected, to examine the cultured mycelia (protein bound polysaccharide) as antitumor components. When a dose of 20 mg/kg/day of each components purifed from F-2 fusant was, i.p., injected into ICR mice, the inhibition ratio of Fr. II against the solid form of sarcoma 180 increased to 1.5 times as compared with that of their parents. When Fr. II was examined for immunopotentiation activity, it increased the amount of the superoxide anion in activated macrophages to 1.2 times and the count of hemolytic plaque forming cells in the spleen to 4.3 times as compared with that of each control group. Its chemical analysis showed 85.2% polysaccharide which consisted of glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose and xylose, and 0.39% protein of 15 amino acids. The content of hexosamine was 0.39% and the molecular weight of Fr. V was $5.6{\times}10^4$ dalton.