• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2000

To evaluate the antitumor activity and antimetastatic effects of Hongsam -daibotang(HDT-C), studies were done experimentally. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In cytotoxicity against A549, SK-OV-3 and B16-BL6 concentration inhibi ting cell growth up to below 30% of control was recognized at $10^{-3}g/ml$ of HDT-C. 2. The T/C% was 145.4% in HDT-C treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. 3. In Inhibitory effect on activity of DNA topoisomerase I, the $IC_{50}$ was shown $100-200{\mu}g/ml$ of HDT-C. 4. The expressing $TNF-{\alpha}$ was increased in HDT-C treated group as compared with control. 5. The expressing MMP-9 was decreased in HDT-C treated group as compared with control. 6. HDT-C extracts exhibited efficient adhesive effect of A549, B16-BL6 cell to complex extracellular matrix. 7. In CAM assays, angiogenesis was significantly inhibited in HDT-C treated group than control group. 8. In pumonary colonization assay, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased significantly in HDT-C treated group as compared with control group. 9. In hematological changes in B16-BL6 injected C57BL/6, numbers of WBC and were decreased insignificantly and also those of platelet were increased insignificantly in HDT-C treated group as compared with control. 10. In the histological changes of lung in B16-BL6 injected mice, infiltration of cancer cells were inhibited effectively in HDT-C treated groups whereas many cancer cells were infiltrated into erivascular and peribronchiol of control group. These results suggested that HDT-C extracts might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2042-2045
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• 2007

The effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS, 1 kDa${\gamma}$, 10 ng/ml IL-$1{\alpha}$, and 25 ng/ml TNF-${\alpha}$) in HT-29 cells. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression induced by these cytokines was inhibited by COS. COS pretreatment inhibited the invasiveness of cytokines-treated HT-29 cells through Matrigel-coated membrane in a dose-dependent manner. COS also inhibited cytokines-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity. This study shows that proinflammatory cytokines induce NO production, iNOS expression, and invasiveness of human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells. COS pretreatment inhibited cytokines-mediated NO production, iNOS expression, and invasiveness of HT-29 cells. These results provide sufficient information for the further development of COS as an antitumor metastatic agent for the treatment of colon cancer.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to elucidate the antimelanogenic effect of Dokhwalkisaeng-tang(Duohujisheng-tang) in B16F10 melanoma cells. Dokhwalkisaeng-tang(DKT) was used to develop the effective prescription of inhibition of melanin production. We determined inhibitory effects of DKT on melanin-release, melanin production, and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanoma cells. And to explicate the action-mechanism of DKT, melanin-related gene expressions were determined using RT-PCR and real time RT PCR technique in B16F10 melanoma cells. DKT inhibited melanin-release, melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells considerably. DKT inhibited tyrosinase activity in vitro and in B16F10 melanoma cells. DKT inhibited the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 in B16F10 melanoma cells. DKT inhibited the expression of PKA, PKC, MMP-2 and MITF in B16F10 melanoma cells. On the other hand, DKT increased the expression of ERK-1, ERK-2, AKT-1 in B16F10 melanoma cells. From these results, we propose that DKT may have effect on the antimelanogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.591-599
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• 2015

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by the progressive degradation of joint cartilage and is accompanied by secondary inflammation of synovial membranes. The purpose of this study describes a preliminary evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity on test material of Litsea japonica. fruit (LJTM) Also, this study was to evaluate the effects of LJTM on the joint cartilage of rat with OA induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). To study for anti-inflammatory agents effectively, we first examined the inhibitory effect of the LJTM on the production of pro-inflammatory factors and cytokines stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. We identified anti-nociceptive effects of the LJTM by using in vivo peripheral and central nervous pain models. In addition, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on mRNA expression of MMP-2, -3, -7, -9, -13, TIMP-1 and –2 in cartilage of OA. In the LJTM inhibited production of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO and PGE₂) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). In cartilage, Expression of MMPs and TIMPs mRNA was suppressed in LJTM treatment group than in the control group. This study suggests that LJTM are potential candidates as anti-inflammation and anti-osteoarthritis agents (painkillers) for the treatment of OA.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2011

Background: CM1 (centrocyte/-blast marker 1) was defined by a mAb against concavabalin-A (ConA) activated PBMC. It is expressed in germinal center of human tonsil and on the surface of activated PBMC as well as cancer cells. Recently, increased productions of pro-inflammatory mediators were detected from activated PBMC by CM1 ligation. Methods: However, there is a limitation to explain the exact role of CM1 on inflammation and its related mechanisms, since the identity of CM1 is still not clarified. In our previous study, we have already confirmed that soluble form of CM1 was produced by Raji. Therefore, we performed Q-TOF analysis after immunoprecipitation of concentrated Raji culture supernatant using anti-CM1 mAbs. Results: As a result, we found that CM1 is identical to enolase-1(ENO1), a glycolytic enzyme, and we confirmed that results by silencing ENO1 using siRNA. It was also confirmed through competition assay between anti-CM1 and anti-ENO1 mAbs. Finally, we investigated the possible role of CM1 in inflammatory response and cancer. The ligation of CM1 on Raji cells with anti-CM1 mAbs induces the extensive production of prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$. In addition, the increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 was shown in NCI-N87, stomach cancer cell line by CM1 stimulation. Conclusion: CM1 is identical to ENO1 and it might be an important role in the regulation of inflammatory responses.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2016

Ampicillin, a ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotic, dose-dependently protects neurons against ischemic brain injury. The present study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of ampicillin in a mouse model of transient global forebrain ischemia. Male C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized with halothane and subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 40 min. Before transient forebrain ischemia, ampicillin (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) or penicillin G (6,000 U/kg or 20,000 U/kg, i.p.) was administered daily for 5 days. The pretreatment with ampicillin but not with penicillin G significantly attenuated neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 subfield. Mechanistically, the increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) following forebrain ischemia was also attenuated by ampicillin treatment. In addition, the ampicillin treatment reversed increased immunoreactivities to glial fibrillary acidic protein and isolectin B4, markers of astrocytes and microglia, respectively. Furthermore, the ampicillin treatment significantly increased the level of glutamate transporter-1, and dihydrokainic acid (DHK, 10 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), reversed the neuroprotective effect of ampicillin. Taken together, these data indicate that ampicillin provides neuroprotection against ischemia-reperfusion brain injury, possibly through inducing the GLT-1 protein and inhibiting the activity of MMP in the mouse hippocampus.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.331-338
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• 2014

Dendrobium moniliforme (DM) is a valuable and versatile herbal medicine with the anecdotal claims of antioxidant and anti-inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the whitening and anti-wrinkling effects of DM under various conditions with B16F10 melanoma cells and human dermal fibroblasts. The DM extract inhibited melanin contents and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner, compared with untreated group. Treatment of the DM extract effectively suppressed the ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated melanin formation, tyrosinase activity and dendrite outgrowth. Moreover, the ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced mRNA expressions of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) and protein expression of tyrosinase were significantly attenuated by DM treatment. We also investigated the DM increased the production of type I procollagen and inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$-induced mRNA expressions of MMP-1, -3 in the human dermal fibroblast. These results indicate that DM may be a great cosmeceutical ingredient for its whitening and anti-wrinkle effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.59-75
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• 1999

Skin is continuously exposed to external stimuli including ultraviolet radiation, which is a major cause of skin photoaging. According to recent discoveries, UVA with a lower energy but deep-penetrating properties, compared to UVB, is likely to play a major part in causing skin photoaging. The clinical and histochemical changes of photoaging are well characterized, but the biochemical mechanisms are poorly understood partly due to the lack of suitable experimental systems. In this work, three-dimensional, reconstituted skin culture models were prepared. After certain period of maturation, the equivalent models were shown to be similar in structure and biochemical characteristics to normal skin. Mature dermal and skin equivalent models were exposed to sub-lethal doses of UVA, and the effects of UVA relevant to dermal photoaging were monitored, including the production of elastin, collagen, collagenase(MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). Interestingly, dermal and skin equivalents reacted differently to acute and chronic exposure to UVA. Elastin production was increased as soon as one week after commencing UVA irradiation by chronic exposure, although a single exposure failed to do so. This early response could be an important advantage of equivalent models in studying elastosis in photoaged skin. Collagenase activity was increased by acute UVA irradiation, but returned to control levels after repeated exposure. On the other hand, collagen biosynthesis, which was increased by a single exposure, decreased slightly during 5 weeks of prolonged UVA exposure. Collagenase has been thought to be responsible for collagen degeneration in dermal photoaging. However, according to the results obtained in this study, elevated collagenase activity is not likely to be responsible for the degeneration of collagen in dermal photoagig, while reduced production of collagen may be the main reason. It can be concluded that reconstituted skin culture models can serve as useful experimental tools for the study of skin photoaging. These culture models are relatively simple to construct, easy to handle, and are reproducible Moreover the changes of dermal photoaging can be observed within 1-4 weeks of exposure to ultraviolet light compared to 4 months to 2 years for human or animal studies. These models will be useful for biochemical and mechanistic studies in a large number of fields including dermatology, toxicology, and pharmacology.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2021

The roots of reed (Phragmites australis) were used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory problems, including symptoms such as high fever and cough. In this study, we identified the active ingredient from 70% EtOH reed root extract, and evaluated the whitening, wrinkle improvement and moisturizing effects. The content of p-coumaric acid, the active ingredient of the roots of P. australis, was slightly lower in 70% EtOH extract than in 100% EtOH extract. However, 70% EtOH reed root extract showed similar or higher effect in reducing power, DPPH, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and nitric oxide scavenging activity compared to 100% EtOH extract. Moreover, 70% EtOH reed root extract markedly inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 cells treated with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. 70% EtOH reed root extract significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and reduced elastase activity in HDF human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, 70% EtOH reed root extract ameliorated hyaluronic acid synthase-2 (HAS-2) expression induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) stimulation in HaCaT keratinocytes. The results of this study suggest that 70% EtOH reed root extract has potential as a functional cosmetic material related to whitening, wrinkle improvement, and moisturizing.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.279-283
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• 2008

A 12.6-year-old, male Shitzu was diagnosed with perianal adenocarcinoma. The presented mass was brown to black, $4{\times}3{\times}3cm$ in size, and yellowish on cut section. Microscopic findings revealed that the mass composed of variable sized clusters of hepatoid cells with inconspicuous distinct. The tumor cells were polyhedral and pyknotic and exhibited high mitotic activity. Tumor cells intermingled with basaloid cells and primitive cells invaded the adjacent normal tissues. Basaloid cells exhibited positive immunoreactivity for Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2/neu), matrix metallopnateinase 9 (MMP-9), and perianal adenocarcinoma, protein kinase C alpha (PKC ${\alpha}$). Generally, tumors of the perianal gland are common and benign 4.5 times more often than carcinoma in the dog, particularly in males. In the present report, we examined histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a rare perianal adenocarcinoma in association with proteins involved tumor metastasis and adenocarcinoma development.