• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2011

Matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 is considered important in tissue destruction in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of smoking on MMP-9 in the gingival crevicular fluid(GCF). GCF samples in upper incisors area from 332 male subjects were collected after the informed consent. The dental examination included the assessment of oral hygiene, gingival inflammation and probing pocket depth. A quantitative assessment of MMP-9 levels in GCF was performed utilizing and immunological procedure. The mean MMP-9 concentrations found in GCF of smokers(30.86 ng/ml) and quit-smokers(29.82 ng/ml) differed from non-smokers(11.33 ng/ml), adjusted by age, gingival index and Community periodontal index(p<0.001). Smoking seems to influence MMP-9 in GCF regardless of gingival inflammation and age. It means smoking can destruct the periodontal tissue for itself.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1167-1179
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• 2023

Objective: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of endoproteases produced by various tissues and cells and play important roles in angiogenesis, tissue repair, immune response, and endometrial remodeling. However, the expression and function of MMPs in the pig endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy have not been fully elucidated. Thus, we determined the expression, localization, and regulation of MMP2, MMP8, MMP9, MMP12, and MMP13 in the endometrium throughout the estrous cycle and at the maternal-conceptus interface during pregnancy in pigs. Methods: Endometrial tissues during the estrous cycle and pregnancy and conceptus and chorioallantoic tissues during pregnancy were obtained and the expression of MMPs was analyzed. The effects of steroid hormones and cytokines on the expression of MMPs were determined in endometrial explant cultures. Results: Expression levels of MMP12 and MMP13 changed during the estrous cycle, while expression of MMP2, MMP9, MMP12, and MMP13 changed during pregnancy. Expression of MMP2, MMP8, and MMP13 mRNAs was cell type-specific at the maternal-conceptus interface. Gelatin zymography showed that enzymatically active MMP2 was present in endometrial tissues. In endometrial explant cultures, estradiol-17β induced the expression of MMP8 and MMP12, progesterone decreased the expression of MMP12, interleukin-1β increased the expression of MMP2, MMP8, MMP9, and MMP13, and interferon-γ increased the expression of MMP2. Conclusion: These results suggest that MMPs expressed in response to steroids and cytokines play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy by regulating endometrial remodeling and processing bioactive molecules in pigs.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2010

Simvastatins are widely used to reduce endogenous cholesterol synthesis and improve hypercholesterolemia. Also, simvastatin have been shown to induce both angiogenic and angiostatic responses. In this study, It was attempted to resolve this controversy by studying the effects of simvastatin on the cell migration and invasion with the proteinases secretion and expression pattern. U-373-MG cells treated with low dose of simvastatin ($0.001{\sim}0.5\;{\mu}M$) showed the induction of migration and invasion compared with the addition of a control buffer. On the contrary, high dose of simvastatin ($1{\sim}20\;{\mu}M$) showed the reduction of migration and invasion compared with the addition of a control buffer. It was also showed that simvastatin-regulated migrative and invasive phenotypes were consistent with the secretion and expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and plasmin.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

We analyzed the antioxidant and anti-wrinkle activities of berberine, isolated from dried rhizome of Coptis japonica Makino, to determine its cosmetic potential. We performed the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol]-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay to evaluate the toxicity of the berberine. We also measured the ROS and hyaluronic acid production, and expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-wrinkle activities of berberine, respectively. The cytotoxicity of ultraviolet light, in presence of berberine, was measured by the MTT assay using CCD-986sk fibroblasts, and no cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations less than $25{\mu}g/mL$. We also found that berberine decreased ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner and promoted the synthesis of hyaluronic acid. Further, berberine reduced the protein levels and mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which are associated with wrinkle formation, and increased the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. In addition, the inhibitory effect of berberine on $TNF-{\alpha}$, known as pro-inflammatory cytokine, was inhibited by $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that berberine holds cosmetic value owing to its antioxidant activity, by inhibiting ROS production and anti-wrinkle activity by reducing MMP-2 and MMP-9 and increasing TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2019

Calystegia soldanella is distributed in coastal sand dunes and has high environmental adaptability; it is also known to be effective for anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-septic, and diuretic action. This study investigated the effect of crude extracts and organic solvent fractions of C. soldanella on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, MMP activity, and cell mobility in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. C. soldanella was twice extracted, once with methylene chloride (MC) and once with methanol (MeOH). After the MC and MeOH extracts were combined, their suppressive effects on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, MMP enzymatic activity, and gene and protein expression were measured by gelatin zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and western blot method. Cell mobility for the HT-1080 cells was observed by wound healing assay. The combined crude extracts showed a significant suppressive effects on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. To explore active inhibitory elements, the combined extracts were fractionated according to polarity into with n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol, n-butanol, and water. Across these four solvent fractions, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity and cell mobility in the HT-1080 cells were all strongly inhibited by the n-hexane fraction. These results suggest that C. soldanella extract and organic solvent fractions could be used as potent MMP inhibitors for effective anti-cancer treatments to suppress cancer invasion and metastasis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 1998

We examined the anti-invasive activity of ginsenosides Rhl, Rha on the highly metastatic HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cell line. In vitro invasion assay showed ginsenoside Rhr reduced tumor cell invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane in a transwell chamber more than ginsenoside Rh1. Significant down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by ginsenosides Rh, and Rh2 was detected by Northern blot analysis. However, the expression of MMP-2 was not affected by Rh, and Rhr. The expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) was increased by Rhl after 0.5, 1 or 3 day-treatment but reduced after 6 day-treatment. However, the expression of TIMP-2 was not changed by treatment with Rh2. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and urokinase-type plasmlnogen activator (uPA) were not changed by treatment with Rh1 and Rh2 for 3 and 6 days. Quantitative gelatin-based zymography confirmed a markedly reduced expression of MMP-9 but MMP-2 after treatments with ginsenosides Rhl and Rha. These results suggest that down-regulation of MMP-9 contributes to the anti-invasive activity of ginsenosides Rhl and Rhr in the HT1080 cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.964-971
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• 2006

The cancer cells, characterized by local invasion and distant metastasis, are very dependant on extracellular matrix. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been implicated in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Among the human MMPs, matirx metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinse-9 (MMP-9) are key enzymes that degrade type IV collagen of the matrix. Here, we studied the effect of disulfiram, an anti-tumor compound, on the suppression of the tumor invasion and the activity of MMP-2, MMP-9 in human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS). Disulfiram had the type IV collagenase inhibitory activity, the effect of inhibition of gene and protein expression, and these inhibitions were responsible for blocking invasion through cell mediated and non-cell mediated pathways. In conclusion, disulfiram inhibited expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and regulated the invasion of U2OS, Caki-1 and Caski. These observations raise the possibility of clinical therapeutic applications for disulfiram used as a potential inhibitor of cancer invasion.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2022

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes are responsible for the degradation and formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and overproduction of MMPs is observed in several diseases, such as cancer and asthma, that progress with metastatic characteristics. Natural products, especially phytochemicals, have been an important source of MMP inhibitors with reduced side effects. Although the majority of phytochemicals inhibit the enzymatic activity of MMPs, some suppress MMP production. In this context, the current study evaluated the potential of Corydalis heterocarpa, a halophyte with reported bioactivities, to inhibit MMP expression in PMA-stimulated HT-1080 cells. A crude C. heterocarpa extract was shown to decrease the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 while increasing the endogenous MMP inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 which regulate MMP expression in healthy tissues. In addition, our results show that the inhibitory effects of C. heterocarpa might occur through suppression of the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling, the upstream activator of MMP overexpression. In conclusion, C. heterocarpa is a potential source of antimetastatic compounds that might serve as lead molecules to develop novel MMP inhibitors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.873-876
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• 2013

Our aim was to test the hypothesis that preoperative serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and -9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) levels correlate with pathological features. Serum levels of MMP-7, and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were determined in 90 bladder cancer patients and 40 healthy controls using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Preoperative serum MMP-7 and MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in cancer patients than control groups (p<0.001). In contast, serum TIMP-1 levels were lower (p<0.001). Alteration in MMP-7, and MMP-9, and TIMP-1 production may contribute to tumor angiogenesis and be associated with clinic-pathological features.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2006

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play an important role in the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation undetphysiological and pathological conditions. The present study examined the influence of (-)epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9, when human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with (-)epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin at supraphysiological concentrations of $25{\mu}mol/L$. No cytotoxicity was observed by MIT assay in response to a treatment with PMA in the presence of (-)epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin. Western blot analysis and gelatin zymography revealed that exposure of HUVEC to PMA enhanced the levels and gelatinolytic activities of pro and active forms of MMP-2 and active form of MMP-9. (-)Epigallocatechin gallate attenuated PMA-stimulated secretion of active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 concomitantly with a loss of activities of these enzymes, which was related to the decreased mRNA levels of MMP. Quercetin was more potent than (-)epigallocatechin gallate in alleviating MMP-9 protein secretion and activity with a decrease in MMP-9 mRNA accumulation. Taken together, the results indicated that (-)epigallocatechin gallte and quercetin exhibited inhibitory effects on MMP activity and may qualify as chemopreventive and cardiovascular protective agents.