• Title/Summary/Keyword: MMO

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Effects of Ceria and CO Reductant on $N_2O$ Decomposition over the Layered Mixed Oxide Catalysts (층상 혼합금속산화물 촉매에 의한 $N_2O$ 분해에서 Ceria 첨가 및 CO 환원제의 영향)

  • Yang, Ki-Seon;Chang, Kil-Sang
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.284-291
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    • 2010
  • Nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) is a greenhouse material which is hard to remove. Even with a catalytic process it requires a reaction temperature, at least, higher than 670 K. This study has been performed to see the effects of Ce addition to the mixed oxide catalyst which shows the highest activity in decomposing $N_2O$ completely at temperature as low as 473 K when CO is used as a reducing agent. Mixed metal oxide(MMO) catalyst was made through co-precipitation process with small amount of Ce added to the base components of Co, Al and Rh or Pd. Consequently, the surface area of the catalyst decreased with the contents of Ce, and the catalytic activity of direct decomposition of $N_2O$ also decreased. However, in the presence of CO, the activity was found high enough to compensate the portion of activity decrease by Ce addition, so that it can be ascertained that the catalytic activity and stability can be maintained in the CO involved $N_2O$ reduction system when Ce is added for the physical stability of the catalyst.

Influences of Coating Cycles and Composition on the Properties of Dimensionally Stable Anode for Cathodic Protection

  • Yoo, Y.R.;Chang, H.Y.;Take, S.;Kim, Y.S.
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 2006
  • Properties of the anode for cathodic protection need low overvoltage for oxygen evolution and high corrosion resistance. It is well known that DSA (Dimensionally Stable Anode) has been the best anode ever since. DSA is mainly composed of $RuO_2$, $IrO_2$, $ZrO_2$, $Co_2O_3$, and also $Ta_2O_5$, $TiO_2$, $MnO_2$ are added to DSA for better corrosion resistance. The lifetime of DSA for cathodic protection is also one of the very important factors. $RuO_2$, $IrO_2$, $RhO_2$, $ZrO_2$ are well used for life extension, and many researches are focused on life extension by lowering oxygen evolution potential and minimizing dissolution of oxide coatings. This work aims to evaluate the influence of constituents of MMO and coating cycles and $ZrO_2$ coating on the electrochemical properties and lifetime of DSA electrodes. From the results of lifetime assessment in the anodes coated with single component, $RuO_2$ coating was more effective and showed longer lifetime than $IrO_2$ coating. Also, an increased coating cycle and an electrochemically coated $ZrO_2$ could enhance the lifetime of a DSA.

Efficacy of botulinum toxin in the management of temporomandibular myofascial pain and sleep bruxism

  • Hosgor, Hatice;Altindis, Sezen
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.46 no.5
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    • pp.335-340
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of injecting botulinum toxin into the masseter and temporal muscles in patients with temporomandibular myofascial pain and sleep bruxism. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted based on a clinical record review of 44 patients (36 females and eight males; mean age, 35.70±12.66 years). Patients who underwent the injection of botulinum toxin into the masseter and temporal muscles for the management of temporomandibular myofascial pain and sleep bruxism were included in the study. Patients were diagnosed based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Sleep bruxism was diagnosed according to the criteria defined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The values of the visual analogue scale (VAS) and range of jaw motion, including unassisted maximum mouth opening (MMO), protrusion, and right and left laterotrusion, were observed preoperatively and postoperatively at one-, three-, and six-month follow-up visits. Results: MMO, movements of the right and the left laterotrusion, and protrusion increased significantly (P<0.05), while VAS ratings decreased significantly at the three follow-up points relative to baseline values (P<0.05). Conclusion: Botulinum toxin is an effective treatment for patients with temporomandibular myofascial pain and sleep bruxism.

Comparison of the Short-Term Effectiveness of Hard and Soft Stabilizing Appliances in Treating Patients with Acute Temporomandibular Disc Displacement without Reduction

  • Park, Hyun-Jeong;Ryu, Ji-Won;Yoon, Chang-Lyuk;Ahn, Jong-Mo
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.112-117
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the short-term effectiveness of hard and soft stabilizing appliances (H-A and S-A) in treating patients with acute temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR). Methods: Eighty one patients diagnosed as acute TMJ DDwoR at oral medicine of Chosun University Dental Hospital from November 2016 to September 2017 were included in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups: The control group (34 patients treated without occlusal appliance), the H-A group (31 patients treated with H-A) and the S-A group (16 patients treated with S-A). The pain intensity using Visual Analog Scale and maximum mouth opening (MMO) were evaluated every week for 8 weeks. Results: The improvement of the pain intensity and MMO in the H-A group and the S-A group compared with the control group were noted (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that hard and S-As may be equally useful in treating patients with TMJ DDwoR. S-A could be recommended to reduce the symptoms of TMJ DDwoR in short period.

Hematological and Serum Chemical Values in Pere David′s Deer and Wapiti (사불상 및 와피티 사슴의 혈액 및 혈청화학치)

  • Shin Nam-Sik;Kwon Soo-Wahn;Han Duk-Hwan;Lee Heung-Shik
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.471-478
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    • 1994
  • The hematologic values and serum chemistry were examined healthy male 12 Pere David's Deer and 8 Wapiti at the Farmland Zoological Garden. In wapiti, the blood values collected from horn and jugular vein were compared. The results were as follows: 1. There were not any significant differences in hematologic values and serum chemistry of blood col. looted from horn and jugular vein in wapiti. 2. In Pere David's Deer, Mean$\pm$SD Values of White Blood Cell(WBC) count were 4673.50$\pm$1893.42/${mu}ell$, of Neutrophils 65.42$\pm$12.7%, of Lymphocytes 31.50$\pm$8.68%, of Monocytes 0.25$\pm$0.43%, of Eosinophils 0.17$\pm$0.37%. of Basophils, of Red Blood Cell(RBC) 9.93$\pm$1.38$\times$10/${mu}ell$, of PCV 54.25$\pm$6.25%, of Hb 16.89$\pm$2.43g/㎗, of Tot protein 7.63$\pm$0.6g/㎗, of Cholesterol 87.25$\pm$10.76mg/㎗, of Glucose 109.36$\pm$43.7mg/㎗, of SGOT 85.17$\pm$33IU/$\ell$, of SGPT 102.92$\pm$31.49IU/$\ell$, of BUN 21.00$\pm$5.18mg/㎗, of Creatinine 2.1$\pm$0.43mg/㎗, of ALKP 156$\pm$32.72IU/$\ell$, of Ca 11.28$\pm$1.04mg/㎗, of Na 127.92$\pm$10.04mmo1/$\ell$, of NH3 102.83$\pm$42.25mmo1/$\ell$, of Cl 105.91$\pm$3.45mmo1/$\ell$, respectively. 3. In wapiti, Mean$\pm$SD Values of White Blood Cell(WBC) count were 3450.00$\pm$1040.73/${mu}ell$, of Neutrophils 53.88$\pm$7.42%, of Lymphocytes 36.00$\pm$5.72%, of Monocytes 1.13$\pm$1.05%, of Eosinophils 1.38$\pm$1.93%, of Basophils 7.63$\pm$4.15%, of Red Blood Cell 10.09$\pm$1.3$\times$10/${mu}ell$, of PCV 46.88$\pm$3.33%, of H 15.09$\pm$1.48g/㎗, of Total protein 7.15$\pm$0.73g/㎗, of Cholesterol 78.63$\pm$12.27mg/㎗, of Glucose 75.63$\pm$33.22mg/㎗ , of SGOT 79.25$\pm$18.43IU/$\ell$, of SGPT 36.50$\pm$19.20IU/$\ell$, of BUN 29.63$\pm$4.15mg/㎗, of Creatinine 1.35$\pm$0.21mg/㎗ , of ALKP 283.50$\pm$88.13IU/$\ell$, of Ca 9.78$\pm$0.43mg/㎗ , of Na 120.00$\pm$10.02mmol/$\ell$, of NH3 261.50$\pm$ 103.46mmol/$\ell$, of Cl 92.00$\pm$9.19mmol/$\ell$, respectively.

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EFFECT OF RESIN MONOMERS ON THE ACTIVITY OF CARIOGENIC BACTERIA (수종의 레진 모노머가 우식 유발성 세균의 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Seo, Young-Ju;Kook, Joong-Ki;Yoon, Jung-Hoon;Kim, Su-Gwan;Lee, Nan-Young;Lee, Sang-Ho
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.247-255
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resin composite monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, EGDMA, UDMA, HEMA, Camphorquinone) on the growth of the two cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. We obtained the following results : 1. The growth rate of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was decreased significantly in the group of all composite resin monomer at a concentration of 0.03mmo1/L(P<0.01). 2. The growth rate of S. mutars in the group of UDMA at a concentration of 0.01 mmol/L and the group of CQ at a concentration of 0.005 mmol/L, 0.01 mmol/L was decreased significantly compared to the control group(P<0.01). 3. The growth rate of S. sobrinus in the group of HEMA, UDMA at a concentration of 0.01 mmol/L and the group of CQ at a concentration of 0.005mmol/L. 0.01mmo1/L was decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.01). 4. The growth rate of S. sobrinus in the group of EGDMA at a concentration of 0.001, 0.01, 0.03mmo1/L was decreased significantly compared to the control group(P<0.01) and were showed to be statistically significant difference between experimental groups(P<0.01).

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A Study of character and dungeon size correlation in MMORPG game (MMO RPG 게임에서 캐릭터와 던젼과의 크기에 대한 상호관계의 연구)

  • Kim, Do-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.14 no.11
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    • pp.53-60
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    • 2009
  • This paper is focusing on the optimal size of internal space in which various functions are expressed by means of analogizing appropriate size of passage fitted to characters and reverse-calculating it in comparison with preexisting games, and thus increase the objectivity of data. To this end, the work of making the data objective was conducted in advance, and the experiment proceeded in the way that specially-designed Dungeon can make its way through the passage and in the situation where small-scale combats take place. In addition, the efforts were made to standardize the outcome of experiments by restricting the types of game graphics to MMO RPG. Further, the enhance the objectivity of size of the characters, the game types were limited to RPG games, and it is also adjusted to the character's face size based on the graphic designer's preference. The size of shoulders and arms of characters, inter alia, was selected as distinguishing points to be adjusted to the passage. By analyzing these data, the size of passage was re-organized according to the main characters in the MMO RPG games. Four experimental data was utilized by the 200 game experts in order to select the optimal size of passage in the game. As a consequence, the proportional correlation between character and passage movement was evaluated as successful in terms of emotional recognition.

Design of an Architecture for Massively Multiplayer Online Game Server using Multimedia Storage Server (Multimedia Storage Server를 응용한 MMO 게임 서버 구조에 대한 설계)

  • 황요한;김동균;장인걸;신동일;김동현
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2002.10d
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    • pp.211-213
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    • 2002
  • 온라인 게임(online game)은 초고속 통신망의 보급과 기존의 1인용 게임(Single-player game)의 인공지능에서 느낄 수 없었던 즐거움을 제공함으로써 급속도로 보급되었다. 또한 최근의 온라인 게임 시장은 그래픽 기술을 비롯한 하드웨어의 발달로 2D에서 3D로 옮겨가고 있다. 따라서 이러한 추세에 따라 온라인 게임은 보다 많은 멀티미디어 데이터를 필요로 하게 되었다. 이에 Multimedia Storage Sever를 멀티플레이어 온라인 게임(Multi-player online game)에 적용함으로써 보다 효율적인 멀티플레이어 온라인 게임 서버를 구성하고자 한다.

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Initial Condition of Methanotrophic Consortium Biofilm Reactor(MCBR) for Trichloroethylene Degradation (Trichloroethylene 분해를 위한 혼합 메탄자화균 생물막 반응기의 초기 조건)

  • Lee, Moo-Yeal;Yang, Ji-Won
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.971-980
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    • 2000
  • Mixed methanotrophs (MM) secreting soluble methane monooxygenase(sMMO) were immobilized on celite R-635 to degrade trichloroethylene(TCE) in methanotrophic consortium biofilm reactor(MCBR) system. Further neutralization of celite R-635 was not needed for immobilization because effluent pH was stabilized at neutral after 4 hour washing. It took 130 days to develop biofilm on celite R-635 and the color of the celite changed gradually from white to red. After biofilm developed, influent methane and oxygen were decreased from 2.5~4 and 8~10 ppm to 0.5~1 and 1~2 ppm, respectively, With influent 2 ppm of TCE and 10 hours of retention time, 79.9% of TCE was degraded in the MCBR system.

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THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF SILVER NANOCRYSTALLINE OINTMENT ON TMJ CAPSULITIS (은 나노 연고가 측두하악관절낭염의 환자의 치료에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Chae, Chang-Hoon;Kim, Jwa-Young;Kim, Mi-Ja;Chung, Hoon;Kim, Seung-Ho;Oh, Hyun-Woo;Kim, Young-Nam;Kim, Young-Il;Yang, Byung-Ho;Kim, Seong-Gon
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.262-266
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    • 2006
  • The silver nanocrystalline is widely used for biological field because of its biocompatibility and anti-microbial effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the silver nanocrystalline ointment on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsulitis. Total 39 patients were included in this study and all patients were received single topical application of the silver nanocrystalline ointment (group A, n=30) or placebo ointment (group B, n=19). Measured variables were maximum mouth opening (MMO), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and VAS for function. In results, we could not assess any therapeutic efficacy of single application in the chronic TMJ capsulitis (p>0.05). However, the single application of silver nanocrystalline ointment showed significant improvement in MMO and VAS for pain compared to placebo effect in the acute TMJ capsulitis (p<0.05). We could not find any complications related to ointment application in both groups. In conclusion, the single application of silver nanocrystalline ointment was effective in improving patient's symptom in acute TMJ capsulitis without any noticing complications.