• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 2013.11a
• /
• pp.79-80
• /
• 2013

MMC(Modular Multilevel Converter)는 여러 개의 Power Module을 직렬로 연결하여 정현파에 가까운 고전압의 파형을 얻을 수 있는 토폴로지로 대용량 전력변환 분야의 요구를 만족하면서 전력 품질을 향상시킬 수 있어 근래에 상당히 주목받고 있다. 당사에서는 5Mvar급 STATCOM(STATic synchronous COMpensator)을 MMC 형태로 제작하였다. 제작된 5Mvar급 STATCOM은 한 상당 12대의 Power Module로 구성하여 25-Level로 제작되었다. 제어시스템은 DSP(Digital Signal Processor)를 이용하였으며, 하나의 Main Controller와 다수의 Cell Controller, FPGA 보드 등으로 구성되어 있다. Controller 간의 상호 정보를 교환하기 위해 CAN 통신을 이용하였고, Power Module의 스위칭을 위한 보드는 각각에 연결되어 있으며, Cell Controller보드와는 절연을 위해 광신호로 연결하였다. 본 논문에서는 MMC 시스템의 제어기간 CAN 통신인터페이스와 Power Module의 PWM 동기화에 대해 설명을 하였다.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.7 no.7
• /
• pp.582-588
• /
• 2001

The Multiple Model/Controller IMC(MMC-IMC) is a model-based control method which uses a set of model/controller pairs rather than a single model/controller to handle all possible operating conditions in the IMC control structure. During operation, one model/controller pair that best fit, for current plant situation is chosen by the switching algorithm. The major drawback of the switching controller is the bad transient performance due to the model error and the use fo linear controller for nonlinear plants. In this paper, we propose a method that transient response of the MMC-IMC using two recurrent neural networks. Simulation result shows that the proposed method represents better performance than the usual MMC-IMC`s.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 2016.11a
• /
• pp.143-144
• /
• 2016

The circulating current control within the phase legs is one of the main control objectives in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) under different operating conditions. This paper proposes a control strategy of circulating currents in the MMC under unbalanced voltage by using a proportional-resonant (PR) controller. Under the unbalanced voltage, the circulating currents in the MMC consists of three components such as positive-sequence, negative-sequence, and zero-sequence circulating currents. With the PR controller, all components of the circulating current will be directly controlled in the stationary reference frame without decomposing into positive- and negative-sequence components. Thus, the ripples in the circulating currents and the DC current are suppressed under the unbalanced voltage. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC simulation program.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 2013.11a
• /
• pp.87-88
• /
• 2013

본 논문에서는 모듈형 멀티레벨 컨버터(Modular Multi-level Converter, MMC)의 제어기를 설계에 있어 시간 지연을 고려한 디지털 제어기 설계 방법을 제시한다. 제안된 방법으로 설계한 디지털 제어기를 사용하면 시간 지연으로 인한 시스템의 성능저하를 완화할 수 있으며, 11-Level로 구현된 MMC HVDC 시스템 모델에 적합한 디지털 제어기의 설계 방법에 관해 기술하고 제안한 방법의 타당성을 아날로그 제어기와의 성능비교를 Psim를 통해 검증하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2015.07a
• /
• pp.414-415
• /
• 2015

최근 대용량 전압형 컨버터 분야에서는 기존 전압형 컨버터에 비해 용량 증대, 고조파 저감 등이 용이한 Modular Multi-level Converter 토폴로지가 주요 관심사가 되고 있다. 이러한 새로운 컨버터 토폴로지는 대용량 컨버터가 요구되는 HVDC 기술을 시작으로 여러 분야에 적용되고 있으며, 전압형 컨버터를 사용하는 STATCOM에서도 이 토폴로지를 적용한 MMC STATCOM이 전력 시장에 등장하고 있다. MMC STATCOM을 제어하기 위한 제어 시스템은 기존 MMC HVDC와 유사하게 기능 및 제어 수준에 따라 계층적으로 구성된다. 이중 Phase 제어기는 실제 컨버터를 동작하기 위한 Valve Based Electronic (VBE)로써 MMC를 구성하는 각 submodule들이 어떻게 동작해야 하는지에 대한 지령을 생성하는 제어기이다. 본 논문에서는 당사에서 개발하고 있는 MMC STATCOM에 적용하기 위한 Phase 제어기를 소개하고 H/W 개발, F/W 개발 등에 대해 기술하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 2016.07a
• /
• pp.385-386
• /
• 2016

직접 변조 방식(direct modulation)을 사용한 Modular Multilevel Converter(MMC)의 6개의 암 캐패시터 전압의 자연균형화(Natural Balancing) 현상은 여러 연구 및 실험에서 관측되고 있다. 또한, 이러한 현상의 원리뿐만 아니라, 시스템 파라미터와 밸런싱 동특성사이의 관계가 수학적인 분석을 통하여 검증되었다. 직접 변조 방식은 간접 변조 방식(indirect modulation)과 달리, 입/출력 AC 및 DC 측 제어기 외에 암 캐패시터 전압 밸런싱을 위한 순환전류 제어기가 존재하지 않지만, 캐패시터 맥동 저감을 위해 일반적으로 캐패시터 2 고조파 맥동 제어기를 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 직접 변조방식을 사용한 MMC의 2고조파 전압 맥동 제어기가 암 캐패시터 전압 자연 밸런싱에 미치는 영향을 고찰하고 분석한다. 또한, 2 고조파 전압 맥동 제어기의 유무에 따른 전압 자연 밸런싱의 동특성에 대한 비교를 400MW MMC full-scale 시뮬레이션을 통해 살펴보도록 한다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.1659-1669
• /
• 2018

An improved circulating current suppression control method is proposed in this paper. In the proposed controller, an outer loop of the average capacitor voltage control model is used to balance the sub-module capacitor voltage. Meanwhile, an individual voltage balance controller and an arm voltage balance controller are also used. The DC and harmonic components of the circulating current are separated using a low pass filter. Therefore, a multiple quasi-proportional-resonant (multi-quasi-PR) controller is introduced in the inner loop to eliminate the circulating harmonic current, which mainly contains second-order harmonic but also contains other high-order harmonics. In addition, the parameters of the multi-quasi-PR controller are designed in the discrete domain and an analysis of the stability characteristic is given in this paper. In addition, a simulation model of a three-phase MMC system is built in order to confirm the correctness and superiority of the proposed controller. Finally, experiment results are presented and compared. These results illustrate that the improved control method has good performance in suppressing circulating harmonic current and in balancing the capacitor voltage.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.1746-1752
• /
• 2014

This paper presents an application of proportional-resonant (PR) current controllers in modular multilevel converter-high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) system under unbalanced voltage conditions. The ac currents are transformed and controlled in the stationary reference frame (${\alpha}{\beta}$-frame). Thus, the complex analysis of the positive and negative sequence components in the synchronous rotating reference frame (dq-frame) is not necessary. With this control method, the ac currents are kept balanced and the dc-link voltage is constant under the unbalanced voltage fault conditions. The simulation results based on a detailed PSCAD/EMTDC model confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.1100-1108
• /
• 2014

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have emerged as the most promising topology for high and medium voltage applications for the coming years. However, one particular negative characteristic of MMCs is the existence of circulating current, which contains a dc component and a series of low-frequency even-order ac harmonics. If not suppressed, these ac harmonics will distort the arm currents, increase the power loses, and cause higher current stresses on the semiconductor devices. Repetitive control (RC) is well known due to its distinctive capabilities in tracking periodic signals and eliminating periodic errors. In this paper, a novel circulating current control scheme base on RC is proposed to effectively track the dc component and to restrain the low-frequency ac harmonics. The integrating function is inherently embedded in the RC controller. Therefore, the proposed circulating current control only parallels the RC controller with a proportional controller. Thus, conflicts between the RC controller and the traditional proportional integral (PI) controller can be avoided. The design methodologies of the RC controller and a stability analysis are also introduced. The validity of the proposed circulating current control approach has been verified by simulation and experimental results based on a three-phase MMC downscaled prototype.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.1499-1507
• /
• 2015

High voltage direct current transmission based on modular multilevel converter (MMC-HVDC) is one of the most promising power transmission technologies. In this study, the mathematical characteristics of MMC-HVDC are analyzed in a synchronous rotational reference frame. A hybrid current vector controller based on proportional integer plus resonant is used to uniformly control the DC and double-base frequency AC currents under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. A corresponding voltage dependent current order limiter is then designed to solve the overcurrent problems that may occur. Moreover, the circulating current sequence components are thoroughly examined and controlled using a developed circulating current suppressor. Simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.