• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.421-427
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• 2010

This study was conducted to compare and analyze the active and general components between mulberry leaf tea (MLT) and fermented mulberry leaf tea (FMLT). Among the general ingredients, the crude lipids of FMLT contained higher than that of MLT, while the level of carbohydrates was higher in the MLT. Although free sugar of FMLT was a lower concentration than MLT, the value of maltose was higher in the MLT. In FMLT, maltose was not analyzed but small amount of lactose was analyzed. In addition, the level of total free amino acid of MLT was higher than that of FMLT. The level of glutamic acid was highest in MLT, while that of cystine was highest in FMLT. The value of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was greater in the derivatives of amino acids, and the content was similar for both MLT and FMLT. FMLT also contained a lower level of unsaturated fatty acids than MLT. In addition, the content of total mineral was higher in FMLT, and the level of K was the highest and similar in both teas.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.147-151
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• 2015

Objective : Neuroblastoma is one of common childhood tumors. Although its mortality is very high, there is no effective treatment yet. The aim of this project is to evaluate cytotoxic effects of melatonin (MLT) an endogen hormone and 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) also named as isotretinoin an analogue of vitamin A on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Methods : In this study, SH-SY5Y cell line was used. After cell culture, the cells were exposed to different doses of MLT and 13-cis-RA. 24 and 48 hours later. While the viabilities was estimated with MTT cell viability assay test, apoptotic indexes were calculated after staining with TUNEL based apoptosis kit. Results : It was observed that MLT has very effective cytotoxic potential than 13-cis-RA on neuroblastoma cell line. At the same time, when MLT and 13-cis-RA were combined, this effect was potentiated. On the other hand, it was found that the effect of 13-cis-RA individually on neuroblastoma cells was very slight. Conclusion : We suggest that in the treatment of patient with neuroblastoma, MLT is very effective and also this effect can be augmented by combination with 13-cis-RA.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: Music listening has a concomitant effect on structural and functional organization of the brain. It helps in relaxation, mind training and neural strengthening. In relation to it, the present study was aimed to find the effect of Carnatic music listening training (MLT) on speech in noise performance in adults. Subjects and Methods: A total of 28 participants (40-70 years) were recruited in the study. Based on randomized control trial, they were divided into intervention and control group. Intervention group underwent a short-term MLT. Quick Speech-in-Noise in Kannada was used as an outcome measure. Results: Results were analysed using mixed method analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures ANOVA. There was a significant difference between intervention and control group post MLT. The results of the second continuum revealed no statistically significant difference between post training and follow-up scores in both the groups. Conclusions: In conclusion short-term MLT resulted in betterment of speech in noise performance. MLT can be hence used as a viable tool in formal auditory training for better prognosis.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: Music listening has a concomitant effect on structural and functional organization of the brain. It helps in relaxation, mind training and neural strengthening. In relation to it, the present study was aimed to find the effect of Carnatic music listening training (MLT) on speech in noise performance in adults. Subjects and Methods: A total of 28 participants (40-70 years) were recruited in the study. Based on randomized control trial, they were divided into intervention and control group. Intervention group underwent a short-term MLT. Quick Speech-in-Noise in Kannada was used as an outcome measure. Results: Results were analysed using mixed method analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures ANOVA. There was a significant difference between intervention and control group post MLT. The results of the second continuum revealed no statistically significant difference between post training and follow-up scores in both the groups. Conclusions: In conclusion short-term MLT resulted in betterment of speech in noise performance. MLT can be hence used as a viable tool in formal auditory training for better prognosis.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.101-111
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• 2023

We conducted a statistical study of polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) in relation to magnetic local time (MLT), considering the geomagnetic conditions using the K-index (or K). Additionally, we performed a case study to examine the velocity profile, specifically for high velocities (≥ ~100 m/s) varying with high temporal resolution at high K-index values. This study utilized the PMSE data obtained from the mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere radar located in Esrange, Sweden (63.7°N, 21°E). The change in K-index in terms of MLT was high (K ≥ 4) from 23 to 04 MLT, estimated for the time PMSE was present. During the near-midnight period (0-4 MLT), both PMSE occurrence and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) displayed an asymmetric structure with upper curves for K ≥ 3 and lower curves for K < 3. Furthermore, the occurrence of high velocities peaked at 3-4 MLT for K ≥ 3. From case studies focusing on the 0-3 MLT period, we observed persistent eastward-biased high velocities (≥ 200 m/s) prevailing for ~18 min. These high velocities were accompanied with the systematic motion of profiles at 85-88 km, including large shear formation. Importantly, the rapid variations observed in velocity could not be attributed to neutral wind effects. The present findings suggest a strong substorm influence on PMSE, especially in the midnight and early dawn sectors. The large zonal drift observed in PMSE were potentially energized by local electromagnetic fields or the global convection field induced by the electron precipitation during substorms.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2011

In order to screen the functional constituents from nature resource, we studied the bioactivities of methanol extract of the Liriodendron tulipifera branch(MLT). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating ability, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and cell toxicity of MLT were investigated in this study. We found that the total phenolic and flavonoid content of MLT is 75.34 mg gallic acid/g and 20.15 mg quercetin/g respectively. MLT exhibited the antioxidant activity on DPPH radical with a $EC_{50}$ value of $289.68\;{\mu}g$/mL, the absorbance is 0.388 at $100\;{\mu}g$/mL in reducing power assay, MLT prevented 38.56% lipid peroxidation at $200\;{\mu}g$/mL. Furthermore, MLT exhibits the potent anti-proliferative activity which inhibited 56.94%, 35.73% growth of HT-29 and Hela cell at $200\;{\mu}g$/mL respectively. It showed that the antioxidant activities of MLT were correlated with its total phenolic and flavonoid contents. However further study need to be exploring in the future.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2014

Since the operation of the King Sejong Station (KSS) started in Antarctic Peninsula in 1989, there have been continuous efforts to perform the observation for the upper atmosphere. The observations during the initial period of the station include Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) and Michelson Interferometer for the mesosphere and thermosphere, which are no longer in operation. In 2002, in collaboration with York University, Canada, the Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager (SATI) was installed to observe the temperature in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region and it has still been producing the mesopause temperature data until present. The observation was extended by installing the meteor radar in 2007 to observe the neutral winds and temperature in the MLT region during the day and night in collaboration with Chungnam National University. We also installed the all sky camera in 2008 to observe the wave structures in the MLT region. All these observations are utilized to study on the physical characteristics of the MLT region and also on the wave phenomena such as the tide and gravity wave in the upper atmosphere over KSS that is well known for the strong gravity wave activity. In this article, brief introductions for the currently operating instruments at KSS will be presented with their applications for the study of the upper atmosphere.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.279-287
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• 1993

In this paper, double laxity threshold MLT(Minimum Laxity Threshold) algorithm and double queue threshold QLT(Queue Length Threshold) algorithm are proposed as DPS(Dynamic Priority Scheduling) techniques for advanced processing of multiple class traffics. Also, the performance of the proposed algorithms is analyzed by a computer simulation. According to the simulation results, it can be shown that the proposed double laxity threshold ML T algorithm advances the processing performance versus ML T algorithm for 2 or more classes delay sensitive traffics, and that double queue length threshold QL T algorithm provides more efficient performance than QL T for 2 or more classes of non real time traffics.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2008

Induction of morphological deformities in Chironomus riparius larvae was assessed after exposure to 0.3, 1, 10 and 30 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ potential endocrine disruption chemicals, Diethylhexyl phtalate (DEHP). We observed and subdivide types of mentum deformities and counted the incidence of mentum deformities. The mortality was not increased according to concentrations of DEHP, while was depend on the exposed days. The incidence of mentum deformities for MLT (median lateral teeth), LT (lateral teeth), and MIX (MLT+LT) of the mentum morphological structure showed MLT (2.8$\sim$11.4%)>LT (2.8$\sim$2.9%)>MIX (2.8$\sim$3.0%). The type of mentum deformities on C. riparius was classified six groups following exposure to DEHP. The incidence rate was occupied following to tooth addition (4.3%), tooth split (2.8%), tooth deletion (2.4%), tooth fusion (1.4%), $K"{o}hn$ gap (0.5%) and abnormal shape (0.5%). Especially tooth split and tooth fusion were observed in DEHP treated conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2012

We have investigated the effect of melatonin (MLT) on specific growth rate (SGR% $day^{-1}$), condition factor (k), gonado-somatic-index (GSI), histological structures of gonads, serum as well as gonadal protein and lipid in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. MLT treatment in the dose of 25 ${\mu}g/L$ for three weeks reduced SGR% $day^{-1}$ ($0.9{\pm}0.04$) as compared to control ($1.23{\pm}0.026$). The GSI value was significantly (p<0.05) reduced to $1.77{\pm}0.253$ from control where it was $2.56{\pm}0.25$. Serum protein level increased from $9.33{\pm}2.90$ mg/ml (control) to $11.67{\pm}1.45$ mg/ml after MLT treatment while there was depressed serum triglycerides ($86.16{\pm}1.078$ mg/dl) and cholesterol ($126.66{\pm}0.88$ mg/dl) as compared to control values where these were $123.0{\pm}1.23$ mg/dl and $132.0{\pm}1.65$ mg/dl respectively. Histological structure of ovary showed small eggs of early perinucleolus stage after MLT treatment while testicular structure of control and MLT treated fish was more or less similar. It is concluded that exogenous melatonin suppressed SGR% $day^{-1}$, GSI, ovarian cellular activity, protein and lipid biosynthesis, in tilapia suggesting that melatonin is useful in manipulating the gonadal maturity in fishes.