• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.210-219
• /
• 2007

In this study was investigated the growth effect of native plant (Microlepia marginata(panzer Christ., Prunella vulgaris. aleutica Fernald, Perillafrutescens var. japonica Hara., Gleichenia japonica Spreng) extracts on various lactic acid bacterias, electron donating ability, total cell count and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The total cell count of Enterococcus faecium KCCM 12118, Lactobacillus rhamnosus KCCM 32826, Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11542, Pediococcus pentosaceus KCCM 40464 in the absence of native plant extracts (10%) at $37^{\circ}C$ after 48hr were $2.2{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $2.1{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $2.3{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $2.2{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$. On the other hand, the total cell count of E. faecium KCCM 12118, L. rhamnosus KCCM 32826, L. plantarum KCCM 11542, P. pentosaceus KCCM 40464 in the presence of native plant extracts (10%) at $37^{\circ}C$ after 48hr were $4.3{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $4.3{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $4.8{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $3.9{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$. The electron donating ability indicated to E. faecium KCCM 12118, L. rhamnosus KCCM 32826, L. plantarum KCCM 11542, P. pentosaceus KCCM 40464 added by 10% native plant extracts, respectively. when 10% native plant extracts were added lactic acid bacterias, the electron donating ability is the highest. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of E. faecium KCCM 12118, L. rhamnosus KCCM 32826, L. plantarum KCCM 11542, P. pentosaceus KCCM 40464 showed higher than that of control.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2016

Pd has the highest magnetic susceptibility among single element metals and often shows ferromagnetism under some special environments. In this paper, we report magnetism of 5- and 9-monolayers (ML) calculated by using full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. Exchange-correlation interaction is taken into account in local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and calculational results in LDA and GGA are compared with each other. It is found that calculations by LDA are more reliable compared to those by GGA because LDA prediction of paramagnetism of bulk Pd is consistent with experiments, whereas GGA predicts wrongly ferromagnetim of bulk Pd. Calculational results in LDA on a 5-ML Pd(111) thin film shows a ferromagnetic ground state unlike a paramagnetic ground state of bulk Pd. The center Pd layer of the 5-ML Pd(111) thin film has the largest magnetic moment ($0.273{\mu}_B$) among the layers and |m| = 1 orbital states play a dominant role in stabilizing the ferromagnetism of the 5-ML Pd(111) thin film. A 9-ML Pd(111) thin film in a ferromagnetic state has almost the same total energy as in a paramagnetic state. Since the magnetization of the 9-ML Pd(111) thin film is stable, the ferromagnetic state may be meta-stable.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.40-50
• /
• 1992

This experiment was carried out to stimulate lactic starter culture for yoghurt manufacturing. A each of 1.5% of Bios 2000, CR starter medium, and Yeast extract were added to bulk medium, acidity, pH and changes in the number of lactic acid bacteria were investigated at, intervals of two hours for Lactobacillus bulgaricus and four hours for Streptococus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The acidity of control arrived at 0.99% after 16 hours of incubation during the incubation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Whereas that of CR starter medium reached 1.00% at 12 hours of incubation. Yeast extract, 1.12% at 12 hours, and Bios 2000 reached 0.97% at 10 hours respectively, Thus, Bios 2000 showed the fastest rate of acid production. 2. When the acidity of experiment medium peaked on optimum levels. pH of control was 4.03 in 16 hours of incubation during the incubation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Whereas that of Bios 2000 reached 4.10 of Yeast extract reached 3.97 at 12 hours, and of CR starter medium reached 4.05 at 12 hours. 3. Lactic acid bacterial counts were $3.1{\times}10^{10}/ml$ after 16 hours of incubation during the incubation of lactobacillus bulgaricus, Whereas those of Bios 2000 reached $2.1{\times}10^{10}/ml$ at 10 hours, with the fastest stimulation of growth, The counts in CR starter medium were at $2.9{\times}10^{10}/ml$ at 12 hours, and Yeast extract were $3.8{\times}10^{10}/ml$ at 12 hours. 4. The acidity of control, CR starter medium, and Yeast extract reached 0.92% at 44 hours, and 0.96% at 32 hours, and 0.90% at 32 hours respectively, Also, that of Bios 2,000 reached 0.97% at 32 hours, which exhibited the highest, among the treatments. 5. The pH of control was 4.27 at 44 hours. that of CR starter medium was 4.33 at 40 hours and that of Yeast extract was 4.25 at 32 hours during the incubation in Streptococcus thermophilus. Besides, pH of Bios 2000 is lowest as 4.18 at 32 hours. 6. Lactic acid bacterial counts in control, CR starter medium, and Yeast extract during the incubation of Streptococcus thermophilus were $9.8{\times}10^{9}/ml$ at 44 hours,$9.5{\times}10^{8}/ml$ at 40 hours, and $9.6{\times}10^{8}/ml$ at 32 hours. And, the highest number was $2.0{\times}10^{9}/ml$ for Bios 2000 at 32 hours. 7. The acidity of control during the incubation of Lactobacillus casei reached 0.92% at 40 hours, and those of CR starter medium and Yeast extract were 0.95% at 40 hours, and 1.01% at 36 hours respectively. Also, Bios 2000 had the highest acidity as 0.94% at 32 hours. 8. The pH of control, CR starter medium and Yeast extract during the incubation Lactobacillus casei was 4.27 at 40 hours. 4.21 at 40 hours, and 4.15 at 36 hours respectively. Also, Bios 2000 showed the lowest pH, as 4.23, at 32 hours. 9. Lactic acid bacterial counts in control, CR starter medium and Yeast extract during the incubation of Lactobacillus casei were $9.4{\times}10^{7}/ml$ at 40 hours, $1.1{\times}10^{8}/ml$ at 40 hours, and $5.0{\times}10^{8}/ml$ at 36 hours respectively. And, the progress of 32 hours showed the highest number of lactic acid bacteria as$6.4{\times}10^{8}/ml$ in Bios 2000.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.449-455
• /
• 1993

Vibrio vulnificus is a recentry recognized halophilic organism that may cause human infections. Patients infected with Vibrio vulnificus often have a history of exposure to the sea, suggesting that the organism may be common inhabitant of marine environment. In this studies 314 samples were collected from 9 sites of Chonnam coastal area, from April to Jun, 1993. Isolation rates of V. vulnificus were 7.1% in total samples, 33.3% in sea water, 55.5% in sediment, 1.7% in fish and shellfish, 6.3% in kitchen environment. In each areas of Chunnam V. vunificus were isolated from 3.6% to 11.4%. The isolation rates of V. vulnificus was correlated positively with organic matter and COD in sea warer and sediment. In sea water, Microorganism population were $4.5{\times}10^3{\sim}3.5{\times}10^5\;CFU/ml$, Vibrio strains were $1.8{\times}10^l4.6{\times}10^3\;CFU/ml$, Coliform bacteria were $1.9{\times}10^1{\times}3.7{\times}10^2\;CFU/100ml$. In sediment, Microorganism population were $4.8{\times}10^3{\sim}5.2{\times}10^5\;CFU/ml$. Vibrio strains were $1.9{\times}10^2{\sim}8.4{\times}10^4\;CFU/ml$, Coliform bacteria were $7.2{\times}10^1{\sim}9.9{\times}10^2\;CFU/100ml$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.202-207
• /
• 2010

Plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) are well known for the production of useful secondary metabolites. However, limited information is available on the gibberellin (GA) production capacity of PGPF of endophytic origin. In the current study, 15 fungal endophytes were isolated from the roots of Crown daisy, and then screened on Waito-c rice, in order to identify plant growth promoting fungi. The fungal isolate MH7 significantly increased the shoot length (12.1 cm) of Waito-c in comparison with control treatment (7.9 cm). In a separate experiment, the culture filtrate (CF) of MH7 significantly promoted the growth attributes of Crown daisy. The MH7 CF was analyzed for gibberellins and it contained all physiologically active gibberellins ($GA_1$, 1.37 ng/ml; $GA_3$, 5.88 ng/ml; $GA_4$, 8.62 ng/ml; and $GA_7$, 2.05 ng/ml) in conjunction with physiologically inactive $GA_9$ (0.83 ng/ml), $GA_{12}$ (0.44 ng/ml), $GA_{15}$ (0.74 ng/ml), $GA_{19}$ (1.16 ng/ml), and $GA_{20}$ (0.98 ng/ml). The CF of MH7 produced higher amounts of $GA_3$, $GA_4$, $GA_7$, $GA_9$, and $GA_{12}$ than wild-type Fusarium fujikuroi, which was used as a control for GA production. The fungal isolate MH7 was later identified as a new strain of Penicillium on the basis of its morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the 188 rDNA sequence.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.203-207
• /
• 2004

The transgenic mice carrying human Interleukin-10 (hIL-10) gene in conjunction with bovine (3 -casein promoter express hIL-10 in milk during lactation. In this study, stability of germ line transmission and expression of hIL-10 transgene integrated into host chromosome were monitored up to generation F8 of transgenic mice. When male mouse of generation F8 was crossbred with normal females, approximately half of offspring (50.9±5.8%) were identified as transgenic mice. Generation F9 to F15 mice also showed similar transmission rates (66.0±20.1%, 61.5±16.7%, 41.1±8.4%, 40.7±20.3%, 61.3±10.8%, 49.2±18.8% and 43.8±25.9%, respectively), implying that hIL-10 transgene can be transmitted stably up to long term generation in the transgenic mice. Expression levels of human IL-10 from milk of generation F9 to F14 mice were 3.6± 1.2 mg/ml, 4.2±0.9 mg/ml, 5.7±1.5 mg/ml, 6.3±3.5 mg/ml, 6.8±4.5 mg/ml and 6.8±3.1 mg/ml, respectively, which was showed high-level expression compared with that of generation F1 (1.6 mg/ml) mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that transgenic mice can be continuously passed their transgenes to the progeny through the breeding program with the same productivity of human IL-10 protein in their milk.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.371-376
• /
• 1999

By cytotoxicity screening of the 65 Korean medicinal plants against leukemia L1210 and P388D$_{1}$ cell line using the MTT assay in vitro, Albizzia julibrissin was studied. This plant was extracted with MeOH and MeOH extract was solvent-fractionated with CHCl$_{3}$, EtOAc and n-BuOH in sequence. Each fraction by various solvents system was purified by column chromatography and preparative TLC, and four compounds were isolated. The structure of each compound was deduced from UV, IR, $^{1}$H-HMR, $^{13}$ C-NMR and CI-MS spectral data. The cytotoxic activity ($IC_{50}$/_ of the compounds, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, 4',5,7-trihydroxyfla-van-3-glucoside, spinasterol-3-glucoside and acacic acid lactone, were evaluated as 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 2$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml against L1210 and as 9$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 1.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 1.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 0.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml against P388D$_{1}$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
• /
• v.36C no.6
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 1999

The HMM-Net is a neural network architecture that implements the computation of output probabilities of a hidden Markov model (HMM). The architecture is developed for the purpose of combining the discriminant power of neural networks with the time-domain modeling capability of HMMs. Criteria of maximum likehood(ML) and minimization of mean squared error(MMSE) are used for learning HMM-Net classifiers. The criterion MMSE is better than ML when initial learning condition is well established. However Ml is more useful one when the condition is incomplete[3]. Therefore we propose an efficient learning method of HMM-Net classifiers using a hybrid criterion(ML/MMSE). In the method, we begin a learning with ML in order to get a stable start-point. After then, we continue the learning with MMSE to search an optimal or near-optimal solution. Experimental results for the isolated numeric digits from /0/ to /9/, a training and testing time-series pattern set, show that the performance of the proposed method is better than the others in the respects of learning and recognition rates.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.353-359
• /
• 2000

Purpose: Although ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein is one of the most commonly used tumor markers in Korea, most of the radioimmunoassay kits for ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein have been imported from foreign countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a recently developed domestic immunoradiometric kit for ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein (Riakey AFP IRMA $CT^R$, Sin-Jin Medics, Seoul, Korea). Materials and Methods: We evaluated intra- and inter-assay precision, recovery rate, parallelism, and sensitivity of serum ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein measurement using Riakey AFP IRMA $CT^R$ kit. The values of ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein measured by Riakey AFP IRMA $CT^R$ kit were compared with those measured by two foreign commercial kits (${\alpha}$-fetoproteina of Radim and ${\alpha}$-feto.riabead of Abbott). Results: Intra-assay coefficients of variation on three different levels were 5.3% for 18.9 ng/ml, 3.4% for 133 ng/ml and 1.6% for 330 ng/ml. Inter-assay coefficients of variation were 9.7% for 20.9 ng/ml, 3.2% for 137 ng/ml and 4.1% for 330 ng/ml respectively. Recovery rate tests on all three different levels showed within $100{\pm}10%$. Parallelism was also good and the sensitivity was 0.63 ng/ml. There was strong correlation between the measurement of ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein by Riakey AFP IRMA $CT^R$ and that by two foreign commercial kits(r=0.98). Conclusion: The first Korean domestic immunoradiometric kit for ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein, Riakey AFP IRMA $CT^R$, performed well for clinical use.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.135-139
• /
• 1999

A new effective and economic method was developed, removing interferences such as chlorophyll and lipid from leaves with small amounts of reagents and solvents in order to analyse PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons). The extract from a soxhlet containing $4{\sim}5g$ of leaves and 100ml of dichlormethane and refluxed for 20 hrs was concentrated and eluted with 60ml of a hexane:dichloromethane (1:1) mixture through a column of 9mm wide inner diameter and 130mm long, packed from the bottom with 2.5g of $Al_2O_3$, 1.5g of $SiO_2$and 2g of anhydrous $Na_2SO_4$. The eluent was concentrated and loaded on a GPC column of 20mm wide inner diameter and 280mm long, packed with 12g of Bio-beads. The column was washed with 37ml of the hexane:dichloromethane(1:1) mixture. Another 43ml of the mixture was eluted as a PAH fraction and collected. This eluent was concentrated under gentle nitrogen to $50{\mu}l$ and analysed using GC-MS. The recoveries, obtained by comparing with the amounts of the internal standards of deuterated PAHs were $43.3{\sim}107.5%$(RSD $2.2{\sim}9.5%$).