• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2012

설부소립균핵병 방제를 위한 살균제 반응을 조사하기 위하여 Typhula incarnata 균주를 2012년 용평에 3곳 골프장에서 채집하여 propiconazole, tebuconazole 및 azoxystrobin 살균제에 대하여 감수성을 평가하였다. 50개의 균주에 대한 실내에서 감수성을 평가를 위하여 4개의 다른 농도로 수행하였다. 균사생장을 효과적으로 50%까지 억제하는 농도인 $EC_{50}$은 tebuconazole이 가장 낮았다. Triazole 계인 tebuconazole의 평균 $EC_{50}$은 0.0048 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$이며, 최소 $EC_{50}$은 0.0005 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ 농도이며, 최대 $EC_{50}$의 농도는 0.014 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$이었다. 반면, Propiconazole의 평균 $EC_{50}$은 0.5825 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$이고, $EC_{50}$의 범위는 0.078 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$에서 1.651 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$이었다. Strobilurin 계인 azoxystrobin은 평균 $EC_{50}$은 0.0278 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$이고, 최소와 최대 $EC_{50}$은 범위는 0.0017 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$에서 0.131 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$이었다. Propiconazole, azoxystrobin 및 tebuconazole 살균제간의 $EC_{50}$ 사이에 상관 관계가 나타나지 않았으며, 이들 균주와 이들 살균제 간에 교차저항성도 없었다. 이 연구 결과 용평에서 채집한 T. incarnata 균주는 3종의 살균제에 대하여 실내감수성 시험에서 저항성 균주가 없다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.862-868
• /
• 2014

Certain Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains have the ability to cause diarrheal disease. Five types of diarrheagenic E. coli have been identified, including EHEC, ETEC, EPEC, EAEC, and EIEC. To detect these five diarrheagenic types rapidly, we developed a one-step multiplex PCR (MP-PCR) assay using nine primer pairs to amplify nine virulence genes specific to the different virotypes, with each group being represented (i.e., stx1 and stx2 for EHEC, lt, sth, and stp for ETEC, eaeA and bfpA for EPEC, aggR for EAEC, and ipaH for EIEC). The PCR primers were constructed using MultAlin. The sensitivity and specificity of the constructed multiplex PCR primers were measured using DNA isolated from diarrheagenic E. coli strains representing each group. The limits of detection were as follows: $5{\times}10^1CFU/ml$ for EHEC, $5{\times}10^3CFU/ml$ for ETEC expressing lt and sth, $5{\times}10^4CFU/ml$ for ETEC expressing stp, $5{\times}10^2CFU/ml$ for EPEC, $5{\times}10^4CFU/ml$ for EAEC, and $5{\times}10^2CFU/ml$ for EIEC. To confirm the specificity, C. jejuni, C. perfringens, S. Typhimurium, V. parahaemolyticus, L. monocytogenes, Y. enterocolitica, B. cereus, and S. aureus were used as negative controls, and no amplification was obtained for these. Moreover, this kit was validated using 100 fecal samples from patients with diarrhea and 150 diarrheagenic E. coli strains isolated in Korea. In conclusion, the multiplex PCR assay developed in this study is very useful for the rapid and specific detection of five diarrheagenic E. coli types. This single-step assay will be useful as a rapid and economical method, as it reduces the cost and time required for the identification of diarrheagenic E. coli.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the distribution of Yersiniae and correlation between Yersiniae and indicator organism by time and area in spring water located in northern part of Seoul. Samples collected from 46 spring waters located in four mountains(Dobong, Bukhan, Surak, Bulam) were inspected to detect Yersiniae and indicator organisms. And also there were examined bioserological characteristics and resistance of ahtibiotics of the isolated Yersiniae.The result were as follows. 1. The isolation rate of Yersiniae was 22% in February and 20% in April. The isolated species were 6 strains of Y. enterocolitica, 6 strains of Y. aldova, 4 strains of Y. intermedia and 43 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis. The serotype of Y. pseudotuberculosis isolated from was all O:5 and biotype of Y. enterocolitica isolated from was all O:3. 2. The Geometric mean of standard plate count, coliform, and psychrotrophilic bacteria were 3.4 CFU/ml, 1.2 MPN/100 ml and 33.0 CFU/ml in February and 3.1 CFU/ml, 1.5 MPN/100 ml and 20.5 CFU/ml in April respectively. There was no significant difference by time and area but the indicator organisms were correlated significantly with each other (p<0.05). 3. Because detection of Yersiniae was not statistically associated with indicator organism, Yersiniae can be detected in the spring water approved microbiologically (p<0.05). 4. The Yersiniae isolated were resistant to Ampicillin, Colistin, Carbenicillin and Coilstin. All isolaed Y. enterocolitica were resistant to Ampicillin (100%). In the case of Y. pseudotuberculosis, only 1 of 3 isolated was resistant to Colistin but susceptible to other antibiotics.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.186-192
• /
• 2002

Special attention has been paid to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for athlete doping control because it stimulates the endogenous production of testosterone and epitestosterone without increasing the T/E ratio which is a doping indicator for the exogenous administration of testosterone. Even though the IOC banned the use of hCG, a detection method has not been decided upon since there are a variety of immunoassay kits available on the market. We evaluated three kits in terms of their performance characteristics. The assay value of the control sample varied depending on the kit, resulting in 198 mIU/ml for the MAIA kit, 172mIU/ml for the IRMA kit, and 143 mIU/ml for the MEIA kit. Considering the IOC inter-lab distribution of results(55-312 mIU/ml) using 27 different kits and the mean value (178$\pm$56 mIU/ml), all three kits are within the range of －15.8% - ＋5.6% of the mean value, which proves them useful for the hCG assay. The MEIA kit resulted in lower hCG values because it detects only intact hCG molecules, in contrast to the other two kits which detect intact hCG and -hCG together. However, it is suitable for screening purposes because of its advantage of being an automated system. When 123 urine samples of athletes were analyzed in 22 batches using this system, the variation of control values fell within $\pm$ 10% of the mean values, and an specimens tested negative with hCG values less than the detection limit of 2 mIU/ml.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.417-421
• /
• 1994

수산 미이용자원의 순차 용매추출물에 대한 항산화물 존재 여부 검색결과, 모자반의 경우 $IC_{50}$이 물추출구에서 $500{\mu}g/ml$, 에테르 추출구 및 메탄올 추출구에서 각각 $133,700{\mu}g/ml$로 나타났으며, 참빗풀은 에테르, 아세톤, 메탄올 추출구에서 $IC_{50}$이 각각 30, 110 및 $200{\mu}g/ml$로 나타나 대상 시료중 가장 항산화 효과가 좋았다. 미이용 수산동물 중에서는 오징어먹즙만이 물 추출구와 메탄올 추출구에서 $IC_{50}$이 각각 $390,\;100{\mu}g/ml$로 나타날 뿐 큰 항산화효과를 보이는 시료나 추출구간은 없었다. 대상 수산 미이용 동 식물에 있어서 에테르와 같은 비극성 용매 추출구에 강한 항산화 물질이 많이 용출되어 존재해 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2003

Objectives: To investigate the role of TGF (Transforming growth factor-$\beta$) involved in the paracrinic communication during decidualization between UEC (uterine epithelial cells) and USC (uterine stromal cells), we have employed a co-culture system composed of human endometrial epithelial and stromal cells in defined hormonal conditions. Design: In the co-culture, endometrial epithelial cells cultured in the matrigel-coated cell culture insert are seeded on top of the endometrial stromal cells cultured within a collagen gel. The co-culture was maintained for 48 hours under the following hormonal conditions: progesterone dominant condition (100 nM P4 and 1 nM E2) or estrogen-dominant condition (100 nM E2 and 1 nM P4). 10 ng/ ml HGF and/or 10 ng/ml TGF-$\beta$1 are added. Methods: RT-PCR is utilized to detect mRNAs quantitatively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemical staining are utilized to detect proteins in the tissue. Results: Prolactin mRNA is expressed in the co-cultured stromal cells under the progesterone dominant condition. TGF-$\beta$1 and its receptors are expressed in both the co-cultured epithelial and stromal cells irrespective of the steroid present, which is in contrast with no or negligible expression of TGF-$\beta$1 or its receptor in cells separately cultured. Both estrogen and progesterone significantly elevate the concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the conditioned medium of the co-culture with the value of 4, 325 pg/ml in E2-dominant and 2, 000 pg/ml in P4-dominant condition compare to 150 pg/ml in no hormone. In separately cultured stromal cells, administration of HGF induces the expression of TGF receptor 1 in both hormonal conditions, but induction of TGF receptor 2 is only manifest in the P4-dominant condition. Administration of TGF-$\beta$ and HGF directly induce the decidualization marker prolactin mRNA in separately cultured stromal cells. Conclusion: It is likely that steroid hormones induces prolactin mRNA indirectly by promoting the cell to cell communication between the stromal and the epithelial cells. TGF-$\beta$ and HGF are two possible paracrine mediators in the human endometrial decidualization.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 2012

Phytophthora katsurae는 밤나무 잉크병의 원인이 되는 병원성 균류이다. P. katsurae를 검출하기 위하여 2개의 duplex PCR primer set을 제작하였다(SOPC 1F/1R+KatI 3F/5R, SOPC 1-1F/1-1R+KatI 3F/5R). SOPC 1F/1R과 SOPC 1-1F/1-1R primer pair는 sequence characteristic amplification regions(SCAR)를 이용하여 제작하였고, KatI 3F/5R primer pair는 internal transcribed spacer(ITS) 부위로부터 제작하였다. 추출한 genomic DNA를 1 mg/ml에서 1 ng/ml까지 10배씩 순차적으로 희석하여 균사량에 따른 Duplex PCR의 민감도를 확인한 결과, 2개의 primer set은 각각 1 ${\mu}g/ml$와 100 ng/ml까지 검출이 가능하였다. 유주포자를 $1{\times}10^6$부터 $1{\times}10^2$ cells/ml까지 10배씩 순차적으로 희석하고 genomic DNA를 추출하여 P. katsurae의 유주포자량에 의한 검출 한계를 확인한 결과, 2개의 primer set 모두 $1{\times}10^5$ cells/ml까지 검출할 수 있었다. 각각의 primer set은 PCR 검출을 실시하였을 때 P. katsurae 균주에서만 PCR 산물이 증폭된 반면에, Phytophthora 16종에서는 P. katsurae에 특이적인 PCR 증폭산물이 생성되지 않았다. 따라서, 2개의 primer set을 이용한 Duplex PCR은 P. katsurae의 신속하고 효과적인 검출에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
• /
• pp.65-68
• /
• 2000

In CDMA, the currently used PN code acquisition methods detect the phase of the incoming PN signal on the basis of ML estimation. In serial search strategy, it takes relatively long time for PN code acquisition. A study related to reduce processing time of PN code acquisition is important. Therefore we propose a reference code design for a new algorithm that a reference code and the received PN code are fully correlated to detect the transmitted PN code, in detail, the relative phase offset j of c⒡. After choosing two weight factors, we show the mathematical analysis and derivation for the reference code design.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.381-383
• /
• 2009

From Oct. 2008 to Oct. 2009, 619 livestock products sold in Incheon were examined for melamine contamination. HPLC was used to detect the melamine concentration from various products. $C_{18}$ column $(3.9\times150mm,\;4{\mu}m)$ was applied with a phase composed of 10mM citric acid and 10mM sodium octane sulfonate : acetonitrile (in ratio 90:10) pumped isocratically at 1.0ml/min. Melamine was not detected from any of the products at the level of LOD 0.03mg/kg and LOQ 0.08mg/kg, suggesting that no melamine contamination was ascertained in livestock products in Incheon area. However, further tests should be done to detect other melamine analogues for the evaluation of toxicity and safety of melamine and cyanuric acid in the future.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.151-154
• /
• 2006

In this work, a novel optimal multiuser detection (MUD) approach, which not only achieves the optimal maximum-likelihood (ML)-like performance but also has reasonably low computational complexity, for Space-time coded OFDM (ST-OFDM) systems is presented. In the proposed detection scheme, the signal model is firstly re-expressed into linearly equivalent one. Then, with the linearly equivalent signal model, a new jointly MUD algorithm is proposed to detect signals. The ML-like bit-error-rate (BER) performance and reasonably low complexity of the proposed detection are verified by computer simulations.