• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.11-26
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose the HMM with the MIN module. Because initial and re-estimated variance vectors are important elements for performance in HMM recognition systems, we propose a method which compensates for the mismatched statistical feature of training and test data. The MIN module function is a differentiable function similar to the sigmoid function. Unlike a continuous density function, it does not include variance vectors of the data set. The proposed hybrid HMM/MIN module is a unified network in which the observation probability in the HMM is replaced by the MIN module neural network. The parameters in the unified network are re-estimated by the gradient descent method for the Maximum Likelihood (ML) criterion. In estimating parameters, the variance vector is not estimated because there is no variance element in the MIN module function. The experiment was performed to compare the performance of the proposed HMM and the conventional HMM. The experiment measured an isolated number for speaker independent recognition.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.1465-1467
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• 2004

In this paper, deduced manufacturing condition of glass/glass curtain wall module and metal curtain wall module. From the results. lamination condition of glass/glass curtain wall module deduced optimum in pumping $time-120^{\circ}C$ 23min, slow $press-120^{\circ}C$. 300mmHg. 3min. standard $press-120^{\circ}C$. 200mmHg. 0.5min. fast $press-120^{\circ}C$. 100mmHg. 0.3min and $curing-140^{\circ}C$, 6min, and lamination condition of metal curtain wall module deduced optimum in pumping $time-120^{\circ}C$. 8min, slow $press-120^{\circ}C$, 700mmHg. 0.5min, standard $press-120^{\circ}C$, 600mmHg, 0.5min. fast $press-120^{\circ}C$, 100mmHg. 1.5min and $curing-140^{\circ}C$. 6min. This time. power uniformity of glass/glass curtain wall module and metal curtain wall module showed each ${\pm}2.7\%,\;{\pm}2.12\%$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5117-5122
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• 2011

In this paper, thermal analysis simulation program by taking advantage of COMSOL Multiphysics, LED Module for the production of the most preferred package type, omitting the COH Type COB Type and board simulation of the thermal analysis is in progress. LED Module that passes through the Heat-sink of the simulation results, depending on the location of the COB Type Max. Approximately $78^{\circ}C$ ~ Min. Approximately $62^{\circ}C$, COH Type the Max. Approximately $88^{\circ}C$ ~ Min. Approximately $67^{\circ}C$ has been confirmed that the temperature stability. Compared with COB Type Max. AIthough temperature difference is about $10^{\circ}C$, Min. At a temperature of about $5^{\circ}C$ confirmed to be enough to reduce the gap, LED Point confirming the results of the temperature curves for COB Type Max. Approximately $100^{\circ}C$ ~ Min. Approximately $77^{\circ}C$, COH Type the Max. Approximately $100^{\circ}C$ ~ Min. Approximately $86^{\circ}C$ temperature stability was confirmed that, COB Type COH Type, compared to approximately $10^{\circ}C$ temperature was higher.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.686-689
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• 2014

This Paper is about the study that use the IPM(Intelligent Power Module) which is a integrated switching module to drive inverter gates for driving of a multi-pole BLDC(Brushless Direct Current) motors. When designing a inverter using the various manufacturers IPM, it suggests a electronic circuit system to evaluate the electrical and logical characteristics of the IPM with various brands.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.569-575
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• 2007

Let M be a nonzero module. M has the property that every submodule of M lies over a direct summand of M. We study some properties of such a module. The endomorphism ring of such a module is also studied. The relationships of such a module to the semi-regular modules, and to the semi-perfect modules are described.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.197-202
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• 2007

In this study, the cooling characteristics of a liquid cooler using thermoelectric module was experimentally investigated. The experiment was conducted for various inner structures of liquid cooler (4 cases), hot fluid flow rates (0.15-0.25 L/min), number of T.E module (2, 4, 6 set), and the cooling water flow rates (200-600 cc/min) for both parallel and counter flow types. Among the results, better cooling performance geometry was selected. And experiment was also carried out to examine further enhancement of cooling performance by inserting coils (pitches: 0.2, 3, 6 mm) into the hot-fluid channel. Present results showed that the short serpentine type(case2) indicated the best cooling performance. In the case of coil pitch of 3 mm, the best cooling performance was shown, more than 10% increase of the inlet and outlet temperature difference, compared with the case of the cooler without coil. Consequently, the inserted coil pitch should be properly selected to improve cooling performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.33-33
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• 2017

본 연구는 온실 $CO_2$ 공급용 Membrane Module이 대기 중 $CO_2$를 포집하는 과정에서 유해병원균을 제거할 수 있는지 알아보기 위해 실험을 진행하였다. 본 실험은 Membrane Module과 유해병원균의 유무로 총 4개의 실험구, 포집하는 시간에 따라 1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 각각 3회씩, 총 36회의 실험을 진행하였다. 실험은 경상대학교 내 온실($W{\times}D{\times}H$, $3000{\times}4000{\times}2500mm$)에서 진행하였고, 유해병원균은 잎점무늬병을 일으키는 병원균(Phoma sp.)을 사용하였다. 온실에 Membrane System을 설치하고 Membrane Module을 통해 외부공기 또는 유해병원균이 포함된 공기를 분리하여 온실 내로 공급하고, 공급한 $CO_2$ 내에 유해병원균의 유무는 에어샘플러를 이용하여 온실 내의 공기를 포집 후 배지에 배양하여 확인하였다. 유해병원균은 PDA배지를 이용하여 포집한 뒤 항온항습기(HB-105SG-O, HANBAEK SCIENTIFIC CO., Korea)에 $25^{\circ}C$, 50%로 48시간 배양하였다. PDA배지 내에 배양된 미생물은 Colony Counter(HYC-560, CORETECH, Korea)로 측정하였다. 결과 값을 분석하기 위해서 IBM SPSS Statistics의 이원분산분석(two-way ANOVA)을 이용하여 통계분석 하였다. 결과 값은 유해병원균을 공급하고 Membrane Module을 사용하지 않았을 때, CFU(Colony-Forming Unit)가 가장 높았고, 유해병원균을 공급하고 Membrane Module을 사용했을 때 CFU가 가장 낮았다. 통계분석을 실시한 결과, Membrane Module을 사용하지 않은 실험구에는 유의한 차이가 나타났고, Membrane Module을 사용한 실험구에는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 Membrane Module이 대기 중 $CO_2$를 분리하여 온실에 공급하는 과정에서 공기 중에 포함된 유해병원균을 제거 할 수 있다고 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1193-1200
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• 2008

This paper describes a developed 5Watt power amplifier module fer mobile communication system using Gallium Nitride (GaN) devices. Three amplification stages such as pre-amplifier, driver amplifier, and power amplifier have been fabricated and measured separately in advance for incorporating the total power amplifier module and estimating the performances. In addition, a defected ground structure is combined with the output stage of the power amplifier module for improving harmonic rejection and adjacent channel power (ACP) characteristics. The measured performances of the GaN power amplifier module include 58dB,min of gain, 37dBm,min of output power, 50dBc,min of harmonic rejection, 35dBc,min of IMD3 for 2-tone input, and 35dBc,min of ACP at 2.1GHz frequency band.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.5_2
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• pp.793-810
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• 2022

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is considered to be suitable for near real-time inundation monitoring. The distinctly different intensity between water and land makes it adequate for waterbody detection, but the intrinsic speckle noise and variable intensity of SAR images decrease the accuracy of waterbody detection. In this study, we suggest two modules, named 'morphology module' and 'edge-enhanced module', which are the combinations of pooling layers and convolutional layers, improving the accuracy of waterbody detection. The morphology module is composed of min-pooling layers and max-pooling layers, which shows the effect of morphological transformation. The edge-enhanced module is composed of convolution layers, which has the fixed weights of the traditional edge detection algorithm. After comparing the accuracy of various versions of each module for U-Net, we found that the optimal combination is the case that the morphology module of min-pooling and successive layers of min-pooling and max-pooling, and the edge-enhanced module of Scharr filter were the inputs of conv9. This morphologic and edge-enhanced U-Net improved the F1-score by 9.81% than the original U-Net. Qualitative inspection showed that our model has capability of detecting small-sized waterbody and detailed edge of water, which are the distinct advancement of the model presented in this research, compared to the original U-Net.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

A low concentrating (< 5X) photovoltaic module with aluminum reflectors is fabricated and evaluated which is designed to reduce the affection of the high temperature to the solar cell modules preventing the efficiency lowering. As results, the output power is increased of 1.97X from the concentrating photovoltaic module which is designed with the concentrating ratio of 2.25X and to control the module temperature cooling the module by air circulation. Also, the effect of the concentrating module with aluminum reflectors on the conventional PV module is investigated at the field. The result shows the increase of the output power more than about 20% and the improvement of the module efficiency of 1.4X in spite of the increase of average module temperature.