• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2012

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is generally considered dead woody material in various stages of forest decomposition and has been hypothesized to be an important habitat feature for mammals in forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA. Sherman and pitfall trapping were conducted for 2 years on three paired sites with low and high amounts of CWD. Deer mice was the dominant species with a total capture of 605 (45.6%). Four species of insectivores were captured, including Sorex moncicolus, S. trowbridgii, S. vagrans, and Neurotrichus gibbsii. A Poisson regression model was used to test whether 11 CWD variables could predict insectivore captures. The volume of logs and mean decay were important variables for deer mice use of CWD. Mean distance from pieces of CWD to the capture point was significantly related to the total number of captures of trowbridge shrew (Sorex trowbridgii) and all insectivore species. Vagrant shrews (Sorex vagrans) were significantly associated with log volume. Retaining large size CWD should be part of a management plan for ground-dwelling insectivores in forests to secure their biodiversity.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.387-394
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• 1997

A total of 353 farmed rockfish, Sebastes schlegli Hilgendorf, 1880 were sampled from 3 localities on Korean coastline over a 12 month period. Full parasitological examination revealed the polypisthocotylean monogenean Micorcotyle sebastis Goto, 1894 to be abundant with infections consistently reaching over 90~100% prevalence throughout the year. A seasonal pattern in parasite abundance on the gills is evident, with the population peaking twice, the largest in winter and again in summer. While the parasitic load on the left and right gills was not dissimilar, parasites within the gill sets were found to favour settlement of the II and III gill arches. A comparison of parasite abundance with host length, revealed that the smaller length fish classes (<17cm standard body length) had significantly heavier infections than those of larger fish (>17 cm standard body length). This report represents the fist record of Microcotyle sebastis on farmed rockfish in Korean coastal waters.

• 생태와환경
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.192-203
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• 2018

Headwater streams provide various microhabitats, resulting in high diversity of macroinvertebrate community. In this study, we compared the differences of communities between two adjacent headwater streams (Jangjeon stream (GRJ; GRJ1-GRJ5) and Haanmi stream (GRH; GRH1-GRH3)) in Jungwang and Gariwang mountains, Gangwon-do and evaluated the effects of habitat condition to the macroinvertebrates community composition. In order to characterize the macroinvertebrate communities and extract influential environmental factors, we applied to Cluster analysis (CA), Indicator species analysis and Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Total 33,613 individuals in 3 phyla, 5 classes, 13 orders, 51 families, and 114 taxa (genera or species) were collected. Gammarus sp. was dominant at the upper stream of GRJ, whereas Chironomidae spp. was abundant at GRH and the downstream of GRJ. The CA classified samples into six clusters (1-6) reflecting spatial and temporal variation of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Benthic macroinvertebrate community composition was significantly different between two adjacent streams. Sweltsa sp. 1, Psilotreta kisoensis, Rhyacophila shikotsuensis and Serratella setigera were identified as representative indicator species for clusters 1, 2, 3 and 5, respectively. Similar to CA results, NMDS revealed the spatial and temporal differences of benthic macroinvertebrate communities, indicating the difference of community composition as well as microhabitat condition. Forest composition, proportion of boulders (>256 mm), and water velocity were main factors affecting the macroinvertebrate community composition.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권3호통권113호
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• pp.352-360
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• 2005

홍천강 상류의 내촌천에서 한국고유종인 A. signifer의 서식처 선택과 환경특성에 대하여 조사하였다. A. signifer가 밀도 높게 분포하는 내촌천은 하천의 차수는 4차에 해당하였고,유폭이 넓으나 상대적으로 수심은 낮았으며, 만곡도는 1.83으로 매우 높아 전체적인 하천의형태가 매우 구불구불한 것으로 나타났다. 유폭 : 하폭의 비는 1.59로 하천 변으로부터 중심부까지 경사가 완만하게 파여진 형태로 조사되었다. 이러한 요소들로 하천을 분류하면 내촌천은 B type에 해당되었다. A. signifer의 자연적인 서식처는 큰 돌들이 겹겹이 포개져 물의 흐름을 막아 형성된 backwater pool 등의 유속이 느린 소가 형성되고, 하상이 주로 큰 돌과 모래로 구성되어, 산란숙주의 서식이 가능하며, 큰 돌이 은신처 역할을 할 수 있는 미소서식처를 선택하였다. 서식에 생물학적 제한요인(biological limit factor)인 작은말조개의 존재 여부가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. A. signifer는 부화 직후 수표면 근처에서 서식하다가 성장하면서 점차 하천의 저층으로 이동하였다. 봄에는 산란을 위해 작은맡조개 주위에서 생활하다가 산란기가 끝나는 여름부터 가을까지 무리를 지어 수변대에서 서식하고, 겨울에는 수심이 깊은 곳에서 월동하였다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2014

동물의 분포는 서식지선택에 영향을 받으며, 서식지의 특성과 먹이자원은 종의 생존에 중요한 요인으로 작용한다. 본 연구는 천마산에 서식하는 쇠살모사(Gloydius ussuriensis)의 분포 패턴 특성을 파악하고자 고도, 서식지 특성, 잠재적 먹이자원인 양서류의 분포에 초점을 맞추어 수행되었다. 서식하는 고도범위에서 선호하는 서식지 타입을 알아보고자 고도를 3개의 범주(저고도, 중고도, 고고도)로 분류하였고, 서식지는 수생태계의 존재 유무에 따라 분류하였다. 쇠살모사의 경우, 고도와 서식지 타입에 따른 분포 모두 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 저고도와 물이 있는 계곡에서 주로 분포하였다. 양서류의 경우도 고도와 서식지에 따라 쇠살모사와 동일한 분포패턴을 보였다. 물이 있는 계곡의 쇠살모사와 양서류에 대한 미소서식지 분석결과는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결과적으로 쇠살모사가 저고도에 위치한 물이 있는 계곡주변에서 대부분 분포하고 있었던 이유는 양서류의 분포가 그 원인으로 판단된다. 이러한 이유는 천마산에 서식하는 쇠살모사가 비교적 사냥하기 쉬운 먹이자원인 양서류를 선호했기 때문이라고 판단된다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.100-116
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• 2002

농작물에 영양분을 공급하거나 식물의 생장촉진, 식물 병원균의 억제 등을 위하여 토양에 미생물이 투입된다. 대표적인 예가 질소고정 공생세균과 Pythium, Rhizobium 등이다. 이들이 투입되어 성공적으로 작용하려면 생존하여 충분한 밀도로 집략을 형성하여야 한다. 이들의 생존과 집략화에 미치는 영향은 생물적인 인자와 비생물적 인자에 의해 좌우된다. 생물적 인자중에서 중요한 것은 포식과 경쟁, 비생물적 인자 중에서 중요한 것은 물의 장력 유기탄소, 무기영양분(N, P), pH 등이다. 토양의 토성과 소공극 분포도 투입된 미생물의 생존과 활착에 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 또한 미생물에 대한 토양생태계의 선택성은 접종 세포 개체군의 활착에 있어서 중요하다. 예를 들면 항생제의 사용에 의한 토착미생물의 제어, 계면활성제를 분해하는 Psendomonas종을 투입하는 경우이다. 투입미생물의 활착을 증진시키기 위하여 이탄, 점토 등의 수송체를 동시에 첨가할 수 있는데 이들은 투입미생물에게 보호적인 미소서식지를 만듦으로서 토양중에서 세균을 보호할 수 있다. 또한 세균이나 공업용 효소를 부동화시키기 위한 수송체로서 유기성 중합체가 사용되고 있다. 이러한 물질들의 예를 들면 아질산칼륨, agarose, k-carrageenan 등이다. 이들도 미소서식처를 제공하므로서 투입미생물의 활착을 돕는 역할을 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.113-116
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• 2000

Different phenological patterns of leaf and fruit fall among native and non-native riparian species provide a spatially and temporally heterogeneous series of alternative food resources for detritivores. Relatively little is known about qualitative differences among these different riparian species. Rates of litter inputs, decomposition, and retention for different sources of riparian litter require long-term documentation. Species of freshwater shrimps, crabs. insects. and gastropods are known to consume a wide range of litter inputs but how these dynamic food webs function under changing climatic and land-use conditions is unknown, especially in tropical streams. On-going studies in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. Puerto Rico provide an example of how inputs of fronds and fruits from palms (Prestoea montana) serve as important foods and microhabitat for species of freshwater crabs and shrimp. Native riparian species such as Prestoea montana are commonly distributed in the Luquillo Mountains especially along steep slopes and stream banks. After tropical storms with high winds, the large fronds from these native riparian trees provide important inputs of leaf litter to the stream food web. In some streams, the input of ripe fruit from non-native trees such as Java plum (Syzigium jambos) also provides a major source of detrital food resources, especially during periods when fruit fall from native species of palms may be limited.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

The histology and anatomy of the olfactory organ in Luciogobius guttatus was investigated using a light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The paired olfactory organs in the dorsal part of the snout are situated in between the upper lip and the eyes. They consist of two nostrils, one anterior and the other posterior openings, and a single olfactory cavity. The anterior nostril, an incurrent opening, forms a short tubular structure from the skin. The posterior nostril, an excurrent opening, forms a circular structure opened to the exterior. The distributional pattern of the sensory epithelium is a continuous type. The sensory epithelium with numerous-motile cilia is made up of receptor cells, supporting cells, basal cells, and mucous cells. In contrast, the non-sensory epithelium is comprised of stratified epithelial cells and two types of mucous cells, acidic and neutral cells. The cilia number of the receptor cell is in range of 3 to 4 units. Such results in L. guttatus may reflect its ecological habit and microhabitat in the tidal zone with a periodic tide.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2000

To clarify taxonomic status of the two sibling species, Moroco oxycephalus and M. lagowskii reproductive isolation mechanisms were investigated at sympatric area located in Kansung-up, Kosung-gun, Kangwon-do, Korea. Genetic analysis was performed to reveal mating system and intensity of Hybridization between the two species. The frequencies of hybrids were increased since 1989, and then the observed hybrid frequencies ($H_O$) did not significantly differ from the expected hybrid ($H_E$) in 1998 and 1999. However, based on histological analysis of two parents and their hybrid s gonads, the hybridizations between M. oxycephalus and M. lagowskii produced mostly fertile females but sterile males in accordance with Haldane s rule. Although it was suspected that pre- and postmating isolation mechanisms were affected between the two species, M. oxycephalus and M. lagowskii seemed to be strongly isolated with microhabitat at sympatry until 1997. Since 1998, hybrid frequencies were increased by habitat disturbance. However, their hybrid frequencies would be reduced by postmating isolation mechanisms. Therefore, the two species are considered to be distinct species recently diverged.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2012

A variety of fish species undergo an ontogenetic change in prey selectivity, and several potentially interacting factors, including nutrient requirement, microhabitat change, and foraging ability, may account for the occurrence of the shift. Here we examine the foraging ecology and ontogenetic diet shift of a micro-carnivorous goby, Pterogobius elapoides (serpentine goby), dominant component of fish assemblage in shallow rocky areas off the coast in Korea and Japan. Although most other gobies are primarily benthic carnivores, P. elapoides is a semipelagic fish; however, little is known about how those species change their foraging tactics with growth. In our diet analyses, the most common diet was pelagic copepods and benthic amphipods, and diet shift was observed from pelagic to benthic with growth. The ontogenetic diet shift seems to be the result of the preference for energetically more profitable prey in larger-size classes as well as the results of different prey availability due to among-habitat variation in diet. However, differential food preference does not appear to affect individual scope for searching food. Several factors such as predation pressures and interspecific resource partitioning might contribute to the changes in diet observed among size classes, which were included in our ongoing tests.