• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.998-1001
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• 2002

Potential antitumor activity of Lactobacillus plantarum cytoplasm was examined using F9 teratocarcinoma-bearing BALB/C mice. The cytoplasmic fraction of L. plantarum was separated by sonication followed by ultracentrifugation. The fraction at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg/day was orally administered for 7 consecutive days before or after tumor inoculation to 16 mice. As a control, heat-killed whole cell was used at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Upon oral administrations of both the cytoplasm and heat-killed whole cell, when performed after and before tumor inoculation, the survival of F9-bearing mice prolonged more effectively. Administration of the cytoplasm after tumor inoculation extended the average survival days by 30 and $40\%$ at daily dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day, respectively. This result suggests that the cytoplasmic fraction of L. plantarum has strong antitumor activity against mouse F9 teratocarcinoma in vivo.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.256-262
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• 2022

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is well known as traditional herbal medicine, and ginseng berries are known to exhibit potential immune-enhancing functions. However, little is known about the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of Korean ginseng berries. In this study, crude Korean ginseng berries polysaccharides (GBP) were isolated and their immunomodulatory activities were investigated using cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressive BALB/c mice. In CY-treated mice, oral administration of GBP (50-500 mg/kg BW) remarkably increased their spleen sizes and spleen indices and activated NK cell activities. GBP also resulted in the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes (coordinating with ConA: plant mitogen which is known to stimulate T-cell or LPS: endotoxin which binds receptor complex in B cells to promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, GBP significantly stimulated mRNA expression levels of immune-associated genes including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in CY-treated mice. These results indicate that GBP is involved in immune effects against CY-induced immunosuppression. Thus, GBP could be developed as an immunomodulation agent for medicinal or functional food application.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to characterize the putative anxiolytic-like effects of the 70% ethanol extract of Portulaca oleracea (EPO) using an elevated plus maze (EPM) in mice. The EPO was orally administered at 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg to ICR mice, 1 h before the behavioral evaluation in the EPM, respectively. Control mice were treated with an equal volume of 10% tween 80, and positive control mice with diazepam (1 mg/kg). Single treatments of the EPO significantly increased the percentage of time spent and arm entries into the open arms of the EPM versus controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, there were no changes in the locomotor activity and myorelaxant effects in any group compared with the saline controls. In addition, the anxiolytic-like effects of the EPO were blocked by flumazenil (10 mg/kg, i.p), a $GABA_A$ antagonist not by WAY 100635 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p), a 5-$HT_{1A}$ receptor antagonist. These results indicate that P. oleracea is an effective anxiolytic agent, and suggest that the anxiolytic-like effects of P. oleracea is mediated via the GABAergic nervous system.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2024

Purpose: This study analyses the Service Development Strategy for MICE in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand aim to 1) Investigate the current and desirable conditions of the service businesses in order to support the MICE 2) Undertake a SWOT analysis of service businesses with regard to supporting the MICE 3) Analyze service business distribution strategies development to support the MICE in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Research design, data and methodology: This study divided into 2 phases: Phase 1 involved qualitative research to study the process of service businesses in their support of the MICE. Phase 2 involved research and development with regard to the development of innovative service business development strategies to support the MICE. Results: The article showed that company executives and related parties understand the meaning of service business management to support the MICE to consist of 8 indicators: quality of meeting venues, access to meeting venues, meeting infrastructure, government support, additional activities in addition to meetings, the image and reputation of the city, MICE personnel, and security. Conclusions: Strategies for developing service business innovations to support the MICE consist of a proactive strategy, a preventive strategy, and a remedial strategy together with defensive strategies.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.532-541
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• 2022

Obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) is verified as a strong risk factor and negative prognostic factor for prostate cancer in several genetically engineered mice although it was not examined in the normal mice. To investigate whether HFD-induced obesity can affect the development and progression of cancer in the prostate of normal mice, alterations in the weight and histological structure of the prostate as well as the expression of cancer-related proteins were analyzed in obese C57BL/6N mice fed with 60% HFD for 16 weeks. First, HFD-induced obesity, including an increase in organ weight, body weight, fat accumulation, and serum lipid profile, was successfully induced in C57BL/6N mice after HFD treatment. The total weight of the prostate significantly increased HFD-induced obesity in the model mice compared with the control group. Among the four lobes of the prostate, the weight of the ventral prostate (VP) and anterior prostate (AP) were higher in HFD-induced obesity model mice than in the control group, although the weights of the lateral prostate (DLP) and seminal vesicle (SV) were constantly maintained. In addition, the incidences of hyperplasia and non-hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the histological structure were remarkably increased in HFD-induced obesity model mice, while the epithelial thickness was higher in the same group. A significant increase in the phosphorylation levels of key proteins in the AKT (protein kinase B) signaling pathway was detected in HFD-induced obesity model mice. Therefore, these results suggest that HFD-induced obesity can promote hyperplasia and NHL in the prostates of C57BL/6N mice through the activation of the AKT signaling pathway.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.30
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• pp.427-440
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to explore differential effects of the sustainability perceived by domestic and international participants in the MICE (Meetings, Incentive Travel, Convention, and Exhibition) held in the Republic of Korea and to examine the relationship between customer loyalty and perception of the sustainable MICE. In this study, 30 sustainability variables for the MICE were extracted and tested by the factor analysis, representing four underlying dimensions: economic sustainability, social sustainability, environmental sustainability and event sustainability. The results revealed that significant differences in these four dimensions of the sustainable MICE were perceived by domestic and international participants. The largest difference were perceived by domestic and international participants with respect to the environmental sustainability factor. The mean scores indicated that international participants tended to give higher evaluations than domestic participants. Second, there were statistically significant relationships among economic, environmental, and event sustainability factors and customer loyalty from the perspective of international participants. For domestic participants, only event sustainability had a vital relationship with customer loyalty. The study implied how policy makers and the MICE managers should adopt four dimensions of sustainability to establish a harmonious and sustainable MICE practices.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.09a
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• pp.240-241
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• 2011

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.119-124
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• 2011

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate effect of korean medicinal herbs-included hair tonic (MHT) and food (MF) on hair growth in an alopecia model of C57BL/6 mice. Methods : Six-weeks old mice were given laboratory rodent chow diet for 1 week. Then, we used a depilatory for hair removal on mice. The next day, mice were randomized and separated in 3 groups of 6 mice; normal group (N, vehicle epidermal application+normal diet-treated group), positive control group (C, 3% minoxidil sulfate epidermal application+normal diet-treated group), and the treatment group (T, HT epidermal application+ MF diet-treated group). The hair regrowth was determined by photograph, which was taken at 7, 14 and 21 days. And scoring indices, hair density and hair thickness, were evaluated by Folliscope at same day. In addition, the hair regrowth was analyzed insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) in the dorsal skin of mice. Results : As a result, not only external appearance but also hair density and hair thickness on dorsal skin were increased more in C, T groups than in N group at 21 days with mixed treatment. Therefore, distinct regrowth pattern is appeared by treatment of herbal tonic and natural food for 21 days. Also, the expressions of IGF-1 on dorsal skin were higher in C, T groups than in N group. Conclusion : These results suggested that this herbal hair tonic and natural food has hair growth promoting activities and may be useful for treatment of bald or alopecia.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of the Perilla frutescens cv. Chookyoupjaso mutant water extract (PFWE) on gamma ray-induced oxidative stress in mice. Gamma-ray is one of the sources for inducing oxidative stress. The study was divided into 6 groups with 6 mice for each treatment. Groups I and II were treated with saline (vehicle) only, groups III, IV, V, and VI were pretreated with PFWE 10, 20, 50, $50mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively for 2 weeks before gamma radiation. And then groups II, III, IV, V were irradiated. We found that the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were increased and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) were decreased by irradiation in mice. However, treatment of PFWE attenuated the activities of AST and ALT in a dose-dependent manner in irradiated mice. Furthermore, treatment of PFWE significantly increased the activities of SOD, GPx, and GR in a dose-dependent manner in irradiated mice, except for the CAT. Interestingly, the activities of GPx and GR were significantly increased by PFWE treatment. Taken together, PFWE could be effective in protecting on gamma ray-induced oxidative stress in mice.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.654-664
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• 2021

Background: Ginsenoside Rg3, isolated from Panax ginseng, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. It is known to reduce inflammation in acute lung injury in mice, and to reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and COX-2 in human asthmatic airway epithelium. In this study, we attempted to determine whether ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in the lungs of asthmatic mice. We also investigated its effects on oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in tracheal epithelial cells. Methods: Asthma symptoms were induced in female BALB/c mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). Mice were divided into five groups: normal controls, OVA-induced asthmatic controls, and asthmatic mice treated with ginsenoside Rg3 or prednisolone by intraperitoneal injection. Inflammatory BEAS-2B cells (human tracheal epithelial cells) treated with ginsenoside Rg3 to investigate its effects on inflammatory cytokines and oxidative responses. Results: Ginsenoside Rg3 treatment significantly reduced eosinophil infiltration, oxidative responses, airway inflammation, and AHR in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced Th2 cytokine and chemokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and lung. Inflammatory BEAS-2B cells treated with ginsenoside Rg3 reduced the eotaxin and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions, and monocyte adherence to BEAS-2B cells was significantly reduced as a result of decreased ICAM-1 expression. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg3 reduced the expression of reactive oxygen species in inflammatory BEAS-2B cells. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg3 is a potential immunomodulator that can ameliorate pathological features of asthma by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation