• Title/Summary/Keyword: MIC

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Effect of Sub-Minimal Inhibitory Concentration Antibiotics on Morphology of Periodontal Pathogens

  • Kwon, Ye Won;Lee, Si Young
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.115-120
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    • 2014
  • Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of antibiotics that inhibits the visible growth of a microorganism. It has been reported that sub-MIC of antibiotics may result in morphological alterations along with biochemical and physiological changes in bacteria. The purpose of this study was to examine morphological changes of periodontal pathogens after treatment with sub-MIC antibiotics. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were used in this study. The MIC for amoxicillin, doxycycline, metronidazole, penicillin, and tetracycline were determined by broth dilution method. The bacterial morphology was observed with bright field microscope after incubating with sub-MIC antibiotics. The length of A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum were increased after incubation with metronidazole; penicillin and amoxicillin. P. gingivalis were increased after incubating with metronidazole and penicillin. However, F. nucleatum showed decreased length after incubation with doxycycline and tetracycline. In this study, we observed that sub-MIC antibiotics can affect the morphology of periodontal pathogens.

Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae exposed to serial antibiotic treatments (항생제 노출에 따른 Klebsiella pneumoniae의 내성 특성)

  • Jung, Lae-Seung;Jo, Ara;Kim, Jeongjin;Ahn, Juhee
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.52 no.4
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    • pp.428-436
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    • 2016
  • The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been increased and become a public health concern worldwide. Many bacterial infections can be sequentially treated with different types of antibiotics. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the changes in survival, antibiotic susceptibility, mutant frequency, ${\beta}$-lactamase activity, biofilm formation, and gene expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae after exposure to sequential antibiotic treatments of ciprofloxacin and meropenem. Treatments include control (CON; no addition), 1/2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition (1/2CIP), 2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition (2CIP), initial 1/2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition followed by 1/2 MIC meropenem (8 h-incubation) and 2 MIC ciprofloxacin (16 h-incubation) (1/2CIP-1/2MER-2CIP), initial 1/2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition followed by 1/2 MIC meropenem (8 h-incubation) and 2 MIC meropenem (16 h-incubation) (1/2CIP-1/2MER-2MER), and initial 1/2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition followed by 2 MIC ciprofloxacin(8 h-incubation) and 2 MIC meropenem(16 h-incubation) (1/2CIP-2CIP-2MER). No growth of K. pneumoniae was observed for the 2CIP throughout the incubation period. The numbers of planktonic cells varied with the treatments (7~10 log CFU/ml), while those of biofilm cells were not significantly different among treatments after 24-h incubation, showing approximately 7 log CFU/ml. Among the sequential treatments, the least mutant frequency was observed at the 1/2CIP-1/2MER-2CIP (14%). Compared to the CON, 1/2CIP-2CIP-2MER decreased the sensitivity of K. pneumoniae to piperacillin, cefotaxime, and nalidixic acid. The highest ${\beta}$-lactamase activity was 22 nmol/min/ml for 1/2CIP-1/2MER-2CIP, while the least ${\beta}$-lactamase activity was 6 nmol/min/ml for 1/2CIP-2CIP-2MER. The relative expression levels of multidrug efflux pump-related genes (acrA, acrB, and ramA) were increased more than 2-fold in K. pneumoniae exposed to 1/2CIP-1/2MER-2MER and 1/2CIP-2CIP-2MER. The results suggest that the sequential antibiotic treatments could change the antibiotic resistance profiles in K. pneumoniae.

CORROSION OF STEEL GAS PIPELINE INDUCED BY SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA IN ANAEROBIC SOIL (혐기성 토양에 서식하는 황산염환원세균에 의한 가스배관의 미생물부식)

  • Li SeonYeob;Jeon KyungSoo;Kho YoungTai;Kang Tak
    • 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2001.10a
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    • pp.58-68
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    • 2001
  • Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of carbon steel gas pipeline in soil environments was investigated at field and laboratory MIC is very severe corrosion and it is not easy to distinguish this corrosion from Inorganic corrosion because of its localized, pitting-type character Therefore, it is important to provide proper assessment techniques for the prediction, detection, monitoring and mitigation of MIC. It is possible to predict the MIC risk, i.e., the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) through the analysis of soil environments. Chemical, microbiological and surface analysis of corrosion products and metal attacked could reveal the possibility of the occurrence of MIC. Various electrochemical and surface analysis techniques could be used for the study of MIC. Among these techniques, thin-film electrical resistance (ER) type sensors are promising to obtain localized corrosion rate of MIC induced by SRB. It is also important to study the effect of cathodic protection (CP) on the MIC In case of coated pipeline, the relationship between coating disbondment and the activity of SRB beneath the disbanded coating is also important.

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Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Propionic Acid, Sorbic Acid, and Benzoic Acid against Food Spoilage Microorganisms in Animal Products to Use MIC as Threshold for Natural Preservative Production

  • Yeongeun Seo;Miseon Sung;Jeongeun Hwang;Yohan Yoon
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.319-330
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    • 2023
  • Some preservatives are naturally contained in raw food materials, while in some cases may have been introduced in food by careless handling or fermentation. However, it is difficult to distinguish between intentionally added preservatives and the preservatives naturally produced in food. The objective of this study was to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of propionic acid, sorbic acid, and benzoic acid for inhibiting food spoilage microorganisms in animal products, which can be useful in determining if the preservatives are natural or not. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC of preservatives for 57 microorganisms. Five bacteria that were the most sensitive to propionic acid, benzoic acid, and sorbic acid were inoculated in unprocessed and processed animal products. A hundred microliters of the preservatives were then spiked in samples. After storage, the cells were counted to determine the MIC of the preservatives. The MIC of the preservatives in animal products ranged from 100 to 1,500 ppm for propionic acid, from 100 to >1,500 ppm for benzoic acid, and from 100 to >1,200 ppm for sorbic acid. Thus, if the concentrations of preservatives are below the MIC, the preservatives may not be added intentionally. Therefore, the MIC result will be useful in determining if preservatives are added intentionally in food.

Differencing Multiuser Detection Using Error Feedback Filter for MIMO DS-UWB System in Nakagami Fading Channel

  • Kong, Zhengmin;Fang, Yanjun;Zhang, Yuxuan;Peng, Shixin;Zhu, Guangxi
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.6 no.10
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    • pp.2601-2619
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    • 2012
  • A differencing multiuser detection (MUD) method is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) direct sequence (DS) ultra-wideband (UWB) system to cope with the multiple access interference (MAI) and the computational efficiency in Nakagami fading channel. The method, which combines a multiuser-interference-cancellation-based decision feedback equalizer using error feedback filter (MIC DFE-EFF), a coefficient optimization algorithm (COA) and a differencing algorithm (DA), is termed as MIC DFE-EFF (COA) with DA for short. In the paper, the proposed MUD method is illuminated from the rudimental MIC DFE-EFF to the advanced MIC DFE-EFF (COA) with DA step by step. Firstly, the MIC DFE-EFF system performance is analyzed by minimum mean square error criterion. Secondly, the COA is investigated for optimization of each filter coefficient. Finally, the DA is introduced to reduce the computational complexity while sacrificing little performance. Simulations show a significant performance gain can be achieved by using the MIC DFE-EFF (COA) with DA detector. The proposed MIC DFE-EFF (COA) with DA improves both bit error rate performance and computational efficiency relative to DFE, DFE-EFF, parallel interference cancellation (PIC), MIC DFE-EFF and MIC DFE-EFF with DA, though it sacrifices little system performance, compared with MIC DFE-EFF (COA) without DA.

In silico docking of methyl isocyanate (MIC) and its hydrolytic product (1, 3-dimethylurea) shows significant interaction with DNA Methyltransferase 1 suggests cancer risk in Bhopal-Gas-Tragedy survivors

  • Khan, Inbesat;Senthilkumar, Chinnu Sugavanam;Upadhyay, Nisha;Singh, Hemant;Sachdeva, Meenu;Jatawa, Suresh Kumar;Tiwari, Archana
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.17
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    • pp.7663-7670
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    • 2015
  • DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is a relatively large protein family responsible for maintenance of normal methylation, cell growth and survival in mammals. Toxic industrial chemical exposure associated methylation misregulation has been shown to have epigenetic influence. Such misregulation could effectively contribute to cancer development and progression. Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is a noxious industrial chemical used extensively in the production of carbamate pesticides. We here applied an in silico molecular docking approach to study the interaction of MIC with diverse domains of DNMT1, to predict cancer risk in the Bhopal population exposed to MIC during 1984. For the first time, we investigated the interaction of MIC and its hydrolytic product (1,3-dimethylurea) with DNMT1 interacting (such as DMAP1, RFTS, and CXXC) and catalytic (SAM, SAH, and Sinefungin) domains using computer simulations. The results of the present study showed a potential interaction of MIC and 1,3-dimethylurea with these domains. Obviously, strong binding of MIC with DNMT1 interrupting normal methylation will lead to epigenetic alterations in the exposed humans. We suggest therefore that the MIC-exposed individuals surviving after 1984 disaster have excess risk of cancer, which can be attributed to alterations in their epigenome. Our findings will help in better understanding the underlying epigenetic mechanisms in humans exposed to MIC.

Drug susceptibility of bacteria and M pachydermatis isolated from canine external ear canals (개 외이도에서 분리한 세균 및 M pachydermatis의 약제감수성에 대하여)

  • Kim, Ki-hyang;Choi, Won-phil;Yeo, Sang-geon
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.560-565
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    • 1999
  • The present work was conducted to investigate the drug susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from canine external ear canals. Antifungal susceptibility test of M pachydermatis (17 strains) was perfomed by agar dilution method, using 11 antifungal drugs including amphotericin B(A), nystatin(N), pimaricin(P), griseofulvin(G), bifonazole(B), clotrimazole(C), miconazole(M), econazole(E), ketoconazole(K), tolnaftate(T), 5-fluorocytosine(F). All isolates were highly sensitive to K, M, T(geometric mean MIC ; GM $MIC{\leq}0.16{\mu}g/ml$) but they weren't sensitive to P, F and G(GM $MIC{\geq}92.37{\mu}g/ml{\sim}{\geq}128{\mu}g/ml$). Antibacterial susceptibility test against 119 isolates of bacteria was performed by agar dilution method, using 9 antibacterial drugs including erythromycin(ET), chloramphenicol(CP), gentamycin(G), vancomycin(V), ampicillin(AP), amoxacillin(AX), chlortetracycline(CT), ciprofloxacin(CF), enrofloxacin(EF). All isolates of Staphylococcus spp(101 strains) were highly sensitive to EF, CF, G(GM MIC $0.33{\sim}1.47{\mu}g/ml$). In other gram positive cocci(4 strains), they were highly sensitive to EF, CF, V(GM MIC $1{\sim}4.76{\mu}g/ml$) and CT(GM MIC 1 UFL unit/ml). In gram positive rods(13 strains), they were highly sensitive to EF, CF, G(GM $MIC{\leq}0.19{\sim}1{\mu}g/ml$). In Pseudomonas aeruginosa(1 strain), it was highly sensitive to AX, EF, ET, CF(GM MIC $0.06{\sim}1{\mu}g/ml$) and CT(GM MIC 1 UFL unit/ml). All isolates weren't sensitive to AP(GM MIC 16~>$32{\mu}g/ml$).

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Distribution of MIC value of antibiotics against Edwardsiella tarda isolated from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) (양식 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 에서 분리된 Edwardsiella tarda에 대한 항균제 MIC 값 분포)

  • Kim, Myoung Sug;Cho, Ji Young;Seo, Jung Soo;Jung, Sung Hee;Choi, Hye Sung;Park, Myoung Ae
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.181-188
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    • 2012
  • The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eight antibiotics against Edwardsiella tarda 49 strains isolated from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was determined by the broth microdilution method. E. tarda showed 38.8% and 61.2% resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin. Both resistance rates of E. tarda were 4.1% against ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. The $MIC_{50}$ values of oxytetracycline, amoxicillin and oxolinic acid were $64{\mu}g/ml$, $32{\mu}g/ml$ and $4{\mu}g/ml$. The $MIC_{50}$ value to ciprofloxacin was $0.25{\mu}g/ml$ which was lowest among eight antibiotics tested.

Phenotypic characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibilities of motile aeromonads isolated from freshwater fish in Korea and Japan (한국과 일본의 담수어에서 분리되는 운동성 aeromonads의 표현형적 특성과 약제감수성)

  • Han, Hyun-Ja;Govindasami, Vivekanandhan;Hirono, Ikuo;Aoki, Takahashi
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.249-255
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    • 2007
  • We investigated the phenotypic characteristics by using API20E, APIZYM and determined minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 7 antibiotics in motile aeromonads isolated from freshwater fishes in Korea and Japan, and 4 American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains. All isolates (n=7) were identified as motile Aeromonas species according to API20E test. Lysine decarboxylase activity and acid production from 4 different carbohydrates including mannitol, rhamnose, amygdalin and arabinose were observed in various strains. In enzymatic activities by APIZYM, all isolates showed negative reactions in valine and cystine arylamidases, α-chymotrypsin, α-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, α-glucosidase, α-mannosidase and α-fucosidase. Although the intensities of each enzymatic activity were diverse in alkaline phosphatase, esterase-lipase, leucine arylamidase, β-galactosidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, all isolates showed positive reactions. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin sodium (MIC>100㎍/ml), but sensitive to chloramphenicol (MIC≤1.6㎍/ml). However, recently isolated strains (AC9804, AC0202 and GMA0361) were commonly resistant to tetracycline (MIC=50㎍/ml). Furthermore, AC9804 was resistant to oxolinic acid (MIC=12.5㎍/ml). GMA0361 was resistant to kanamycin sulfate (MIC>100㎍/ml) and streptomycin sulfate (MIC>100 ㎍/ml).

On Comparison Of Current The Multicast Protocols over QosMIC Method (기존 멀티캐스트 프로토콜과 QosMIC 방식의 비교에 관한 연구)

  • 최원혁;최준;김정선
    • Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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    • 2003.05b
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    • pp.23-26
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    • 2003
  • 최근 대두되고 있는 멀티미디어 응용을 지원하기 위해서는 광대역 네트워크의 링크, 실시간 전송, 보다 효과적인 멀티캐스트 프로토콜이 요구된다. 멀티캐스트 프로토콜 알고리즘에는 DVMRP, MOSPF, CBT, PIM 구조의 멀티캐스팅 프로토콜 있다. 이는 네트워크 패킷의 특성을 송수신의 경로비용으로 라우터 자체의 근거리 알고리즘이 적응되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인터넷에서 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜인 QosMIC를 제안한다. QosMIC는 멀티캐스트 네트워크에서 신뢰성과 능률적 자원관리와 탄력적인 방법으로 Qos특징을 제공한다 QosMIC는 확인된 다중경로에서 하나의 라우터를 선택하여 경로를 선택하고, 경로에서 요구하는 Qos를 제공한다. QosMiC는 데이터를 미리 제공하는 방식에 있어 이전의 프로토콜과 다르다. 본 연구에서는 QosMIC와 기존의 멀티캐스트 프로토콜을 분석하여 각 데이터 패킷 전송을 위한 공정하고 실용적인 대역폭 사용과 대역폭과 데이터처리능력을 시뮬레이션 상에서 구현하고 성능을 평가한다.

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