• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2017

Objectives : The present study was designed to determine the effects of mixture of Achyranthis Japonicae Radix, Scutellariae Radix, and Acanthopanacis Cortex on monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis in rats. The mixture was composed of Achyranthis Japonicae Radix, Scutellariae Radix, and Acanthopanacis Cortex extracts. Methods : Arthritis was induced by injection of MIA into knee joints of rats. At the end of experiment, gross examination on the articular structures of knee joints were performed. Proteoglycan (PG) contents in articular cartilages were analysed as well. Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$) and $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$) contents in synovial fluids were measured by ELISA method and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) mRNA were measured by a realtime PCR. Results : The surfaces of the articular cartilage were observed. The severity of osteoarthritis in the treated group were alleviated compared with control group. PG contents in articular cartilages of the treated group were increased compared with control group. $IL-1{\beta}$ contents in synovial fluids of the treated group were significantly decreased compared with control group. MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA contents in articular cartilages were significantly decreased compared with control group and TIMP1 mRNA contents were increased compared with control group. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, we concluded that Achyranthis Japonicae Radix-containing mixture treatment has anti-arthritic effects on the MIA-induced osteoarthritis in rats. And the effects were related with the reduction of $IL-1{\beta}$ in synovial membranes and the consequent reduction of MMP2 and MMP9 expressions.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.13-26
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effects of Imyo-san treatment on the monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by injection of monosodium iodoacetate(MIA)(0.5 mg) into both knee joint cavities of rats. Arthritic rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated(n=8) group. Control group was taken distilled water and treated group was taken extracts of Imyo-san by orally for 20 days. At the end of experiment(20day after MIA injection), gross and histopathological examination on the articular structures of knee joints were performed. Blood cell counts and proteoglycan(PG) contents in articular cartilages were analysed. And also, tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$) and interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$) contents synovial fluids were measured by enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method. Results : 1. Body weight(g) of the treated group were increased significantly compared with control group at 15 and 20 days after injection. 2. Grossly, degree of osteoarthritis in the treated group was alleviated compared with the control group. 3. PG content in articular cartilage of the treated group was increased significantly compared with the control group. 4. Histopathologically, osteoarthritic scores of the treated group was decreased significantly compared with the control group. 5. $TNF-{\alpha}$ content in synovial fluid of the treated group was decreased significantly compared with the control group. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, we suggested that Imyo-san has inhibiting effects on the progression of arthritis in MIA-induced osteoarthritis model.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.65-81
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• 2014

Objectives This study was carried out to find out the anti-osteoarthritic effects of Mahwangbujaseshin- tang (Mahuangfuzixixintang ) on the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods Osteoarthritis was induced by injecting MIA ($50{\mu}l$) into the knee joint of rats. Rats were divided into a 3 groups (n=7). The injection did not fit the normal group. A week later, after the injection of MIA, while control group took normal saline 2 ml, the extract of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang (Mahuangfuzixixintang ) (MBST) (200 mg/kg) was injected to treated group. After that, we examined hind paw weight bearing ability, functions of liver and kidney, serum TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, $PGE_2$, $LTB_4$, TIMP-1, MMP-9 and hematology. Volume of cartilage was measured by micro CT arthrography. Injury of synovial tissue was measured by H & E, Safranin-O immunofluorescence. Results 1) DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity of MBST was increased according to concentration of MBST and total phenolic contents were in high level. 2) In RAW 264.7 cells, ROS production was significantly decreased in MBST (at 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$) and NO was also decreased but meaningless in MBST (at $100{\mu}g/ml$). 3) In RAW 264.7 cells, IL-6 production was significantly decreased in MBST (at $100{\mu}g/ml$) and TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ production were also decreased but meaningless in MBST (at $100{\mu}g/ml$). 4) In hind legs weight-bearing measurement, level of weight-bearing was increased. 5) Functions of liver and kidney were not affected. 6) TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, $PGE_2$, $LTB_4$, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 production were significantly decreased. 7) In hematology, the levels of neutrophils, monocytes were significantly decreased and the levels of white blood cells, lymphocytes were also decreased but meaningless. 8) In micro CT-arthrography, cartilage volume was significantly increased. 9) Histopathologically, injury on cartilage and synovial membrane of MBST group was decreased. Conclusions Based on all results mentioned above, Mahwangbujaseshin-tang (Mahuangfuzixixintang) is believed to be meaningful for suppressing the progress of osteoarthritis. And it is related to inhibiting the activity of inflammatory cytokine and injury of volume in cartilage.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.204-212
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of moxibustion on the pain behavior and expression of TRPM8 in the dorsal root ganglion(DRG) in the rat model of ambient cold(AC) exposed osteoarthritis(OA). Methods : OA was induced by the injection of $50{\mu}l$ of 2% monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) into the knee joint cavity. To examine the level of pain, weight bearing forces(WBFs) of affected limb was measured. For the AC exposure, the animals were housed in 6 h/day at $4^{\circ}C$ for 14 days after MIA injection. Moxibustion treatment was performed at EX-LE4 and EX-LE5 with 5 cons(1, 7 or 10 mg) per day for 13 days from 5 days after MIA injection. The expressions of TRPM8 in DRG were measured by western blotting analysis. Results : The WBFs of MIA-AC group were decreased significantly compared to MIA group at 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 days after arthritis induction. After the first 6 h-AC exposure, expressions of TRPM8 in MIA-AC group were increased significantly compared to those of naive group. After moxibustion treatment, only the WBFs of 7 mg treated group were restored significantly. Moreover, the over-expressions of TRPM8 were attenuated by the moxibustion treatment in AC exposed rats. Conclusions : The data suggest that AC can increase arthritic knee pain via up-regulated TRPM8 and moxibustion treatment improve the arthritic pain via modulation of TRPM8 expression in DRG in the rat model of AC exposed MIA induced arthritis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.262-269
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• 2018

Sparassis crispa (Wulf.) is an edible/medicinal mushroom and has been reported to biological activities such as antitumor, anti-angiogenesis, antioxidant and wound healing. However, there have not been many researches on osteoarthritis of S. crispa. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of S. crispa extract on rats with osteoarthritis induced by MIA. Osteoarthritis is a gradually developmental disease that early stage, causes joint stiffness and complains of joint pain. In addition, it gives rise to edema and hypo-function. The results of this study, S. crispa extract effectively inhibited ROS production, increased the production of antioxidant protein SOD and catalase in knee joint cartilage tissue. In addition, S. crispa extract inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes such as NOX4 and $P47^{phox}$, which are involved in the expression of COX-2, iNOS and the production of ROS. Also, S. crispa extract inhibited the destruction of synovial tissue, cartilage tissue and proteoglycans in articular cartilage in rats.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2015

To study the efficacy of extract powder of Angelica gigas in preventing and treating degeneration of the articular cartilage in rats with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis, A total of 30 six-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group, untreated group and Angelica gigas treated group, with 10 rats in each group. During the treatment period, body weight were measured in each four days interval from starting date. The rat were sacrificed at the end of 3rd week after daily administration of Angelica gigas and then rat tibia articular cartilage was removed. In articular cartilages, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) amount increased by MIA treatment were reduced while proteoglycan (PG) amount decreased by MIA treatment were fairly recovered by Angelica gigas treatment, respectively. The content of TNF-a was also slightly reduced sections of the cartilage were stained with safranin-0 were also partially recovered by Angelica gigas treatment. By HPLC analysis, the content of main compounds decursin and decursinol angelate was analyzed as $10.5{\pm}0.2%$ of total extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether light-emitting diodes (LED) irradiation could be effective in a noninvasive, therapeutic device for the treatment of osteoarthritis(OA). METHODS: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Vehicle control (saline); monosodium iodoacetate-injection (MIA); LED irradiation after MIA injection (MIA-LED); indomethacin-treatment after MIA injection (MIA-IMT). OA was induced by intra-articular injection of 3 mg MIA through the patellar ligament of the right knee. Vehicle control rats were injected with an equivalent volume of saline. The LED was irradiated for 15 min/day for a week after 7 days of MIA treatment. To compare with the effect of LED irradiation, the indomethacin was administrated 20 mg/kg twice a week orally after 7 days of MIA treatment. Knee joints were removed and fixed overnight in 10% neutral buffered formalin and decalcified by EDTA for 2 week before being embedded in paraffin. The assessment of OA induction were monitored by knee movement and radiographic finding. Histologic analysis were performed following staining with hematoxylin and eosin, safranin O-fast green, or toluidine blue, picrosirius red, and histologic changes were scored according to a modified Mankin system. Apoptotic cell in tissue sections was detected using TUNEL method. RESULTS: Radiographic examination could not show the differences between the MIA-treated and the MIA-LED-treated rats. In the histologic analysis, however, LED irradiation prevented cartilage damage and subchondral bone destruction, and significantly reduced mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration and pannus formation. LED irradiation also reduced apoptosis of cartilage cells, but it prevented apoptosis of infiltrated inflammatory cells in synovium. In addition, LED irradiation showed an increase of collagen production in the meniscus. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the 840 nm LED irradiation would be a suitable non-thermal phototherapy for the treatment of OA, as a cartilage protection and anti-inflammatory modality.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.17-32
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• 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cartilage regeneration effects of Euiiin-tang water extract (EIIT) in the treatment of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Methods Animal models were divided into five groups. The normal group didn't do any treatments causing osteoarthritis. The control group was orally administerd distilled water instead of the drug, the positive control group used indomethacin 5 mg/kg, the EIIT 100 group used EIIT 100 mg/kg and the EIIT 200 group used EIIT 200 mg/kg, and seven rats were placed per group. We administered drug to rats for 2 weeks and analyzed oxidative stress-related proteins in joint tissue. Inflammation mediators and inflammatory cytokines induced by the activity of inflammation-related proteins were analyzed. In addition, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and collagen-related factors were analyzed, and H&E staining and Safranin-O staining were performed to see the effect on histopathological changes. Results 1) Oxidative stress-related proteins were significantly reduced. 2) Inflammationrelated proteins, inflammatory mediators and inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced. 3) Anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased. 4) Collagen proteolysis factors significantly decreased, and collagen degradation inhibitory factor was significantly increased. 5) EIIT administration significantly reduced cartilage degeneration and deformation in H&E staining, and reduced proteoglycan destruction in Safranin-O staining. Conclusions From the above experimental results, it judges that Euiiin-tang has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cartilage regeneration effects on osteoarthritis in rats induced by MIA.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.27-35
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• 2019

Objectives : Osteoarthritis is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage, which is characterized by chronic pain, stiffness and decrease range of motion. The present study was designed to compare the therapeutic effect of Dioscoreae Rhizoma water extract (DRW) and Dioscoreae Rhizoma 30% ethanol extract (DRE) on the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods : Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA ($50{\mu}{\ell}$ with $80mg/m{\ell}$) into the knee joint cavity of rats. After adaptation period for seven days, rats were divided by 5 groups (n=10/group): normal group, control group, positive control (indomethacin 5 mg/kg), DRW 200 mg/kg treated group, DRE 200 mg/kg treated group (n=10/group). The hind paw weight distribution was measured with the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) in articulation tissue. Also, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factoralpha ($TNF{\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were investigated by western blot analysis. Results : The administration of DRW and DRE significantly decreased the hind paw weight distribution. The ROS and $ONOO^-$ levels of cartilaginous tissue were significantly decreased in DRW and DRE compared to control group. The results showed that DRE decreased inflammatory cytokines such as iNOS and $TNF{\alpha}$. Also DRE decreased MMP-1 and increased TIMP-1. Conclusions : Based on the above results, Dioscoreae Rhizoma extract seems to have the therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis via suppression of inflammation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2020

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of Corni Fructus 30% ethanol extract (CFE) on the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods : The subjects were divided into 4 groups ; Normal group (N, n=10), MIA-induced osteoarthritis control group (Con, n=10), indomethacin 5 mg/kg treated group (INDO, n=10), CFE 200 mg/kg treated group (CFE, n=10). Blood and articulation tissues were collected after two weeks of drug administration. Oxidative stress was analyzed with reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite (ONOO-). And the Nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase-1/2 (GPx-1/2), Nuclear Factor Kappa B p65 (NF-κBp65), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were investigated by western blot. Results : The administration of CFE showed a significant reduction of changes in relative hind paw weight distribution. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxy nitrite (ONOO-) levels of articulation tissues were significantly decreased in CFE compared to the control group. Western blot measurements of Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, catalase, GPx-1/2 showed that the CFE group was increased compared to the Con group. And western blot measurements of NF-κBp65, COX-2, iNOS, TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β showed that the CFE group was reduced compared to the Con group. Also CFE group decreased MMP-1 and increased TIMP-1. Conclusion : Based on the above results, it can be seen that osteoarthritis is improved when Corni Fructus 30% ethanol extract treated.