• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2016

Interleukin-1b ($IL-1{\beta}$), a proinflammatory cytokine, regulates the innate immune responses against bacterial infection. Mature $IL-1{\beta}$ is produced from $pro-IL-1{\beta}$ by activated caspase-1, which in turn is activated by the inflammasome complex formation. In this study, we compared the inflammasome mRNA expression induced by S. sanguinis, S. oralis, F. nucleatum and P. intermedia. Among the tested bacteria, S. sanguinis induced the highest $IL-1{\beta}$ secretion. S. oralis, F. nucleatum and P. intermedia induced very weak $IL-1{\beta}$ secretion. S. sanguinis mostly induced the NLRP3 mRNA expressions. Although F. nucleatum did not induce high $IL-1{\beta}$ secretion, it induced high expression levels of AIM2, NLRP2, and NLRP3. No specific inflammasomes were induced by S. oralis and P.intermedia. Studying the inflammasome complex activation induced by oral bacteria may thus enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of oral diseases.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.385-390
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• 2008

The residence plan of Korea has been formed with bias for quantitative growth and uniformity failing at obtaining human value. Also, rapid growth brought about severe problems of deteriorated human life and destruction of environment. The solution for these problems is pursued in many directions, but there is short of active plan yet. The residence shall develop into new direction to satisfy the demand by reflecting society and culture as well as residents. This study examines external design with symbolic representation of regional feature as an alternative for uniform residence environment problem. This study will be a basic data upon suggesting the direction for planning high quality residence environment. This study examined the elements which form external space of residence complex, designed plan for external space of residence complex, and examined how to reflect regional feature which is important element of local community and culture on the space plan for residence complex based on the evaluation by local residents centered on Gimcheon-si, Gyeongbuk which just started local specialty by fostering. 'Special Area for Grape Industry.'

• 건축역사연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2010

'Lu' is one of the Korean traditional building structure. The architectural characteristics of the 'Lu' can be classified two types with its use. One is single building type and the other is a part of building type within building complex. This study is about the two-storied 'Lu' that was built on part of building complex. 'Lu' built in building complex such like Sa-chal, Hyang-gyo, Seo-won, Jae-sil, has the similar characters. 1. It is built by taking slope site. 2. Ii is one of four buildings that forms court yard. 3. It uses simple building structure on the purpose of openness 4. It can control view with using window. The column type of 'Lu' can be classified with 3 style. These are $5{\times}2$ Kan style, $3{\times}2$ Kan style and $5{\times}3$ Kan style. It would be assumed with the result of study that $5{\times}2$ Kan style has its origin in Hoe-Rang structure, $3{\times}2$ Kan style is originated from Joong-Moon(middle gate) structure, and $5{\times}3$ Kan is originated from Kang-Dang structure.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

미생물 군집 내의 미생물은 순수하게 배양된 미생물과는 다른 생리적 특징을 갖는다. 전통적으로 미생물 연구는 순수배양에 초점을 맞추어 이루어져 왔고 실제 생태계에 존재하는 대부분의 미생물들이 난배양성 미생물로 알려져 있다. 따라서 복잡한 미생물 군집에서 미생물의 기능에 대한 연구는 실질적으로 미진한 실정이다. 그러나 stable isotope probing (SIP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)와 microautoradiography (MAR)의 조합, isotope micrarray, 메타게노믹스 등의 새로운 분석방법들은 미생물 군집 내에서 난배양성 미생물의 기능 분석을 어느 정도 가능하게 해 주었다. 본 논문에서는 이들 방법 등에 대해 간단히 설명하고 좀 더 정확한 결과를 얻기 위한 최신 연구 동향을 소개하고자 한다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2020

To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect on Degenerative Osteoarthritis, Male sprague-Dawley rats were randomized and classified into three different concentration groups. We measured weekly weight change, dietary intake, drinking water intake, blood analysis like TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-6 (interleukin 6), TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1), MMP-2 (matrix metalloprotease-2), MMP-9 (matrix metalloprotease-9) and micro CT analysis. The results suggest that the treatment with herbal complex HP-04 improved the Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) induced degenerative osteoarthritis and it could be applicable for the improvement of arthritic symptoms as a new therapeutic agent.

• 분석과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2002

크롬-쿠페론착물의 표면 축적과 촉매 특성을 순환 전압전류법으로 조사하였다. 정 방향으로 주사할 때에 -1.45 V에서 환원 봉우리가 생기고 역 주사할 때에 -1.39 V에서 반전된 봉우리가 생기는데 이는 촉매과정을 나타낸다. 이 반전 봉우리의 최적 실험 조건은 $1{\times}10^{-4}M$ 쿠페론이 포함된 붕산염 완충용액(pH 9.48), 축적전위 -1.8 V, 주사속도 20 mV/s이었다. 이 조건에서 주 봉우리를 이용하여(축적시간 1분) 얻은 크롬의 검출한계는 $3.2{\times}10^{-10}M$이다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.97-100
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• 2013

본 논문은 복잡한 배경 영상에서 필기체가 아닌 수평, 수직 성분이 많이 포함된 문자 검출 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 검출하고자 하는 문자는 코너 성분이 많이 밀집되어 있으며 배경 영상은 그에 비해 코너 성분이 적고 드문드문하다는 특징을 이용하여 먼저 해리스 코너 검출기를 이용하여 전체 영상에서 코너를 검출한다. 검출된 코너들의 위치 정보를 이용해 밀집되어 있는 코너들을 클러스터링 함으로써 문자 영역을 검출한다. 검출된 문자 영역간의 위치 정보와 히스토그램 분포를 비교하여 비슷한 특징을 갖는 영역들을 합치고 문자 성분의 특징을 갖지 않는 영역은 필터링 하여 문자 영역을 개선한다. 문자 영역에서 R채널, G채널, B채널 각각의 채널에 대한 히스토그램 분포를 분석하여 문자를 검출한다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2010

Male rats were given a single injection of iron, and temporal changes in iron content and iron-induced effects were examined in heart cellular fractions. Over a period of 72 h, the contents of total and labile iron, reactive oxygen species, and NO in tissue homogenate, nuclear debris, and postmitochondrial fractions were mostly constant, but in mitochondria they continuously increased. An abrupt decrease in membrane potential and NAD(P)H at 12 h was also found in mitochondria. The respiratory control ratio was reduced slowly with a slight recovery at 72 h, suggesting uncoupling by iron.While the ATP content of tissue homogenate decreased steadily until 72 h, it showed a prominent increase in mitochondria at 12 h. Total iron and calcium concentration also progressively increased in mitochondria over 72 h. Enzyme activity of the oxidative phosphorylation system was significantly altered by iron injection: activities of complexes I, III, and IV were reduced considerably, but complex II activity and the ATPase activity of complex V were enhanced. A reversal of activity in complexes I and II at 12 h suggested reverse electron transfer due to iron overload. These results support the argument that mitochondrial activities including oxidative phosphorylation are modulated by excessive iron.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.679-682
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• 2009

Utilizing a planar five coordinating N3S2 ligand, 2,6-bis(2-methylthiophenyliminomethyl)pyridine, a pseudo 7-coordinated manganese(II) complex with two labile triflate anions in the axial positions was synthesized. The reaction of the manganese(II) complex with an oxidant, iodosylbenzene, produced a metastable high-valent manganese(IV)-oxo species at 0 ${^{\circ}C}$. The high-valent Mn(IV)-oxo intermediate was characterized with a UV-vis spectrophotometer and an electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. Reactivity studies of the Mn(IV)=O species revealed that the intermediate is capable of oxygenating $PPh_3$ and N-dealkylating N,N-dimethyl-toludine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.435-440
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• 1996

The effect of benzalkonium chloride on skin permeability of partially modified antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (PS-ODN), which are designed as scar formation inhibitor, was investigated using Franz Diffusion Cell. When the concentration ratio of PS-ODN-quarternary ammonium salt complex is more than 1:100, the apparent partition coefficient (APC) of each complex was increased in the following order; tetraphenyl phosphonium chloride (TPP) < cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) < benzalkonium chloride (BZ). The permeability of PS-ODN through the rat skin increased in the presence of BZ. The fluxs of PS-ODN with BZ were increased by addition of Pluronic F 68 or Triton X-100 to phosphate buffered saline (PBS), respectively. When the mole ratio of PS-ODN to BZ is 1:10, the fluxs penetrated of PS-ODN with BZ was greatest. The increase of the permeability in the presence of BZ might be due to the formation of lipophilic ion-pair complex between PS-ODN and BZ. By regulation of mole ratio of PS-ODN to BZ, the development of topical dosage forms using PS-ODN as scar formation inhibitor will be possible with minimal systemic exposure.