• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.173.1-173.1
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of bis-carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide(Ge-132) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE) on immune system in female BALB/c mice. The mice were orally exposed continuously to Ge-132 (0, 50, 100, or 200mg/kg), or CAPE (0, 5. 10, or 20mg/kg) for 14 days. Immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by assessment of body and organ weight, lymphocytes blastogenesis, (omitted)

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2016

Eruca sativa (known as rocket plant) is a member of the Brassicaceae, which is considered an important chemo-preventive plant family. Although Eruca sativa has positive biological effects such as antioxidant and renal protective activities, the effect of the Eruca sativa extract as a therapeutic agent for skin whitening has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the applicability of the extract of Eruca sativa as a functional materials by examining the its physiological activities. The Eruca sativa extract showed low cytotoxicity against murine melanoma B16F10 cells. At concentrations (below 100 mg/L) that showed none or little cytotoxicity, the Eruca sativa extract showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity (ID50, 17.60 mg/L). In addition, the Eruca sativa extract inhibited tyrosinase activity ($ID_{50}$, 132.54 mg/L) and decreased melanin content ($ID_{50}$, 158.90 mg/L). Finally, the treatment with the Eruca sativa extract suppressed the protein expression of tyrosinase in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggested that the Eruca sativa extract inhibited melanin synthesis by not only suppressing intracellular tyrosinase expression but also directly inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Therefore, these results indicate that the Eruca sativa extract may be an effective material for functional cosmetics such as skin whitening materials.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.729-735
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Germaniwn(Ge) treatment in the culture media on the Ge absorption by the callus induced from brown rice cv. Dongjinbyeo. MS medium was more effective on the growth ratio of callus and the content of Ge and some inorganic elements except K in callus than N$_{6}$ medium. The more Ge treatment in the N$_{6}$ or MS medium, the more Ge absorption by the callus, but the growth ratio of callus and the content of Ca, Mg, and K in callus were decreased. The content of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu was increased under treatment up to 100～200mg /$\ell$ Ge, but tended to be decreased under treatment more than that of Ge concentration. Under treatment less than 150mg /$\ell$ Ge, GeO$_2$(inorganic Ge) was more effective on the Ge absorption by callus than Ge-132(organic Ge), but Ge-132 was more effective on the Ge ab-sorption by callus and the activity of callus in case of treatment more than 150mg /$\ell$ Ge. The lower pH of culture medium, the higher Ge content in the callus. When callus was cultured on medium supplemented with Ge and 0.1～1.0mM of citric acid or myo-inositol, content of Ge and some inorganic elements in callus, as well as growth and dry weight of callus, were tend to increase in comparison to control, but myo-inositol was more effective on them than citric acid.cid.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.280-290
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• 2017

Several lines of evidence suggest that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is known to regulate the ER stress signaling pathway, but its role in neuronal systems in terms of ER stress remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that rotenone-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma cell lines and mouse primary cortical neurons was ameliorated by PTP1B inhibition. Moreover, the increase in the level of ER stress markers ($eIF2{\alpha}$ phosphorylation and PERK phosphorylation) induced by rotenone treatment was obviously suppressed by concomitant PTP1B inhibition. However, the rotenone-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was not affected by PTP1B inhibition, suggesting that the neuroprotective effect of the PTP1B inhibitor is not associated with ROS production. Moreover, we found that MG132-induced toxicity involving proteasome inhibition was also ameliorated by PTP1B inhibition in a human neuroblastoma cell line and mouse primary cortical neurons. Consistently, downregulation of the PTP1B homologue gene in Drosophila mitigated rotenone- and MG132-induced toxicity. Taken together, these findings indicate that PTP1B inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic approach for ER stress-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1785-1790
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• 2013

The synthetic machinery of ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) is activated in response to various stress conditions involved in nutrient restriction, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and oxidation. Stress-induced inhibition of proteasome activity triggers the unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress, where ATF4 is crucial for consequent biological events. In the current study, we showed that the $NAD^+$-dependent deacetylase, SIRT1, suppresses ATF4 synthesis during proteasome inhibition. SIRT1 depletion via transfection of specific siRNA into HeLa cells resulted in a significant increase in ATF4 protein, which was observed specifically in the presence of the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Consistent with SIRT1 depletion data, transient transfection of cells with SIRT1-overexpressing plasmid induced a decrease in the ATF4 protein level in the presence of MG132. Interestingly, however, ATF4 mRNA was not affected by SIRT1, even in the presence of MG132, indicating that SIRT1-induced suppression of ATF4 synthesis occurs under post-transcriptional control. Accordingly, we propose that SIRT1 serves as a negative regulator of ATF4 protein synthesis at the post-transcriptional level, which is observed during stress conditions, such as proteasome inhibition.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.132-136
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to measure the levels of eluted and dissolved CO2, and CO, volatile organic substances and radiation composition of Cheongsong mineral water which were collected from November 2019 to July 2020 during the autumn, spring, and summer seasons at collection points located in the upper, middle and lower spring waters. Data of the upper, middle and lower spring waters include the following: the amount of eluted water (average value±standard deviation, mL/min) was 30.07±0.52, 15.03±0.16, 23.73±0.42, and the amount of CO2 gas was 1,000 ppm or more. In addition, there was no detection of CO or total volatile organic substances (TVOC) and the radiation dose was 0.08 to 0.13. μSv/h. A blank test value of 0.08 to 0.10 μSv/h, when compared with the median value, showed a high value of 0.02 μSv/h, and the uranium test results provided by the Cheongsong-gun Office were 0.0118 mg/L (date 2019.06.18) and 0.0091 mg/L (date 2020.06.04.) respectively, which was less than the permission limit of 0.03 mg/L. However, it is believed that further research using more precise devices is needed in order to guarantee the safety and health of the water.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.132-138
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• 2023

Doped and undoped-BiVO₄ samples with different elements (Li, Mg) and amounts were synthesized with a hydrothermal method. The synthesized samples were characterized using various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by measuring the degradation of methyl blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The results indicated that the incorporation of Mg and Li into BiVO₄ caused lattice distortion, the presence of surface hydroxyl groups, a narrower band gap, and a reduced recombination ratio of photo-induced electron-hole pairs. Notably, the photocatalytic activity of Mg5%-Li5% co-doped BiVO₄ sample exhibited a significant improvement compared to that of undoped BiVO₄ sample.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.403-414
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• 2003

Background : Proteasome inhibitors can promote either cell survival or programmed cell death, depending on both the specific type and proliferative status of the cell. However, it is not well known whether inhibition of proteasome activity is related to apoptosis in lung cancer cells. In addition, the exact mechanisms responsible for apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibition are not well understood. In the present study, we have examined the effect of proteasome inhibition on lung cancer cells and tried to test the mechanisms that may be associated with the apoptosis of these cells. Methods : We examined the effect of proteasome inhibition with MG132 or PS-341 on cell survival in A549 and NCI-H157 lung cancer cells using MTT assay, and analyzed the cleavage of PARP by Western blot analysis to find evidence of apoptosis. Next, we evaluated the activation of caspase 3 by Western blot analysis and the activity of JNK by immunocomplex kinase assay. We also examined the changes in anti-apoptotic pathways like ERK and cIAP1 by Western blot analysis after inhibition of proteasome function. Results : We demonstrated that MG132 reduced cell survival by inducing apoptosis in A549 and NCI-H157 cells. Proteasome inhibition with MG132 or PS-341 was associated with activation of caspase 3 and JNK, reduced expression of activated ERK, and downregulation of cIAP1. Conclusion : Apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibition may be associated with the activation of pro-apoptotic pathways like caspase 3 and JNK and the inactivation of anti-apoptotic pathways in lung cancer cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1010-1016
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• 1999

Protease related mold was isolated and selected as a starter culture for commercial production of meju. Isolated microorganism was identified as Syncephalastrum racemosum PDA 132 2. To obtain basic data about protease for production of soybean peptides and application of the strain in meju fermentation, we extrated and purified protease and charateristics of the enzyme were investigated. The optimum condition for the production of enzyme was pH 4.0, 30oC, 5 days. The protease was purified 19.7 folds by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography and specific activity was 12.4unit/mg. The purified enzyme was 34kDa in size, thiol protease(100% inhibited by PCMB), and was acidic protease(stable between pH 2.0~5.0). Vmax of the enzyme was 2.14 g/min which was lower(1/50) than that of by Asp. wentti and B. subtilis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 2000

The present study was conducted for the data of toxicity and taste components of the pufferfish, Sphoeroides annulayus (bull's eye fuller), transported from Mexico. All other parts including muscle and skin were nontoxic ranging below $10\;{\mu/g$ except gonad, The amounts of IMP and ADP were $5.6\;{\mu}mol/g\;and\;2.7\;{\mu}mol/g$, and the ratio to the total ATP and its related compounds was $41.1{\%}$. The great portion of free amino acids in the muscle of the puffer was occupied by L-glycine, L-alanine, L-anserine, L-threonine and L-valine. Their amounts were $233.5 mg/100 g, 169.0 mg/100 g, 149.1 mg/100 g, 135.7 mg/100 g and 132.3 mg/100 g$. Their concentration ratio to total free amino acids were $14.28{\%},\;10.33{\%},\;9.12{\%},\;8.30{\%}\;and\;8.09{\%}$, respectively. The content was $50.12{\%}$ of the total free amino acids. In addition, the amounts of taurine and L-histidine were 119.3mg/100 g and 14,7 mg/100 g.