• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.409-412
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• 2019

We investigated the development of a micropropagation protocol for multiplication of calla 'Gagsi' by using shoots as explant. The callus was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing cefotaxime antibiotics (25, 50, 100 mg/L). Also, MS basal medium with NAA 0.5 mg/L and BA 1.0 mg/L was used. The callus induction and browning rates were compared by treatment supplemented cefotaxime 25, 50 and 100 mg/L in basal MS medium. The callus induction rate was 10.5 % and browning rate was also, 10.5 % on the MS containing 25 mg/L. In the MNB containing cefotaxime, the callus induction rate was 34.5 % and browning rate was 27.0 %. The cefotaxime experiment has been widely used in previous studies. It is thought that it will help establish the mass multiplication system by positively affecting the growth and browning reduction of calla plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to identify the optimal in vitro propagation condition of Cnidii rhizoma (Cnidium officinale Makino). It was effective to reduce contamination and improve regeneration of shoot when shoot tips taken in July were cultured in 1/2 strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 500 mg/L carbenicillin disodium 1.0 mg/L BA and 1.0mg/L $GA_3$followed by surface sterilization of explant source in solution of 1% sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes. When shoot tips were 쳐cultured in 1/2 strength MS medium with 0.5 mg/L BA and 60 g/L sucrose, shoot elogation and subsequent multiplication of the formed shoot were favorable than in other media. Regenerants were well rooted in 1/2 strength MS medium containing 3.0 mg/L NAA.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method for the quantification of diazepam residues in fishery products, using liquid and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS). The sample utilized in the study was extracted from the fish sample (crucian carp) using 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. For the utilization of the purification process, the dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) was used for LC-MS/MS, dSPE and SPE was used for GC-MS/MS, respectively. To be sure, the standard calibration curves showed a good linearity as the noted correlation coefficients, $r^2$ was > 0.99. The average recoveries for accuracy ranged in 99.8~124% for the samples which were fortified at three different levels (0.001, 0.002 and 0.010 mg/kg). The correlation coefficient for the precision effect was measured at a range of 4.01~11.8%. The limit of detection (LOD) for the diazepam analysis was 0.0004 mg/kg, and the limit of the quantification (LOQ) was 0.001 mg/kg. The proposed analytical method was characterized with a high accuracy and acceptable sensitivity to meet the established Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC/GL71-2009) guideline requirements. We therefore established the optimal analysis method for the determination of diazepam in the fishery products using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. It would be applicable to analyze the diazepam residues in fishery products in further studies on this subject.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2000

The conditions for callus formation and plant regeneration were confirmed in Italian ryegrass (Lolium mulfiorum Lam.). Among SH (Schenk and Hildebrandt), MS (Murashige and Skoog) and N6 medium (Chu) MS medium was highest degree of efficiencies respectively in callus formation and plant regeneration. In this study, we determined volume of hormones and other compounds appended in media. For callus formation, only $5\;mg/\;{\ell}$ of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) was appended in their media. For plant regeneration, we used MS medium containing $1.0\;mg/\;{\ell}$ of BA and $0.1\;mg/\;{\ell}$ of NAA.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2003

Corm apical meristem cultures of thirteen glasshouse freesia cultivars were tested to investigate the possibility of micropropagation using MS basal medium supplemented with 2,4-D, NAA(0.1, 0.5, 1.0mg/L, respectively) and BA (0.5∼2.0mg/L). The majority of the tested cultivars could be induced callus and shoot buds in all culture condition. The combinations of NAA and BA appeared superior to that of 2,4-D and BA depending on cultivars for callus induction and shoot formation. Among the cultivars, 'Golden Yellow' showed the highest regeneration capacity on MS media with 0.5mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA. The highest percentage of regeneration and the greatest number of shoot from calli were obtained through successive subculture on MS medium supplimented with 0.5mg/L BA. In that condition, more than 60 ％ shoot regeneration and average of 25.1 shoots per explant was achieved. Transformed shoots on half-strength MS medium without plant growth regulators rooted easily.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.345-349
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• 1997

Somatic embryos were induced through embryogenic callus derived from immature zygotic embryo culture of native Prunus yedoensis in Mt. Halla and regenerated into plantlets successfully. Embryogenic callus was induced most effectively on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg/L BAP at an efficiency of approximately 60% using 45 day-old zygotic embryos after full blooming. Globular somatic embryos were induced from embryogenic callus on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg/L BAP and these globular embryos developed to heart-shaped and cotyledonary embryos on hormone-free MS medium. Normal somatic embryos germinated 49% on 1/2 MS medium and the plants regenerated from the somatic embryos were morphologically normal.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to know the possibility of in vitro propagation of Stevia through axillary bud culture and the results indicated that: (1) Addition of NAA (0.01-0.05 mg/l) alone on Murashige-Skoog basal medium promoted shoot differentiation and growth rate. And also additional of kinetin of 0.5-1.0 mg/1 alone showed the same trend as that of NAA: (2) Addition of both NAA (0.01-0.05 mg/l) and kinetin (0.5-1.0mg/l) to MS medium promoted better shoot formation. (3) Shoot differentiation and growth were better on the full salt strength of MS medium (1X MS) than that of half strength ( $\frac{1}{2}$MS), while their effects were reversed for root differentiation

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Changes in the concentrations of glucosinolates and related compounds in different extracts of Dolsan leaf mustard kimchi (DLMK) and Dolsan leaf mustard pickles (DLMP) were during storage investigated. Samples were kept at 0oC for 35 days and collected at 7 day intervals. The leaves and stems of DLMK and DLMP were refluxed for 24 h with 50% acetonitrile, and the extracts were analyzed by LC-PDA/MS/MS. The main glucosinolates detected in DLMK were sinigrin, gluconapoleiferin, glucobrassicanapin, and gluconapin, whereas those in DLMP were sinigrin, gluconapoleiferin, glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin, and glucoerucin. Sinigrin concentrations were quantified by UV absorption at 228 nm. Sinigrin concentrations in the leaves and stems of DLMK on the day of preparation were 2.14 mg/g and 2.25 mg/g, respectively, and those on day 35 after preparation were 1.25 mg/g and 1.00 mg/g, respectively. DLMP showed a similar trend: the concentrations in the leaves and stems on the day of preparation were 2.04 mg/g and 0.29 mg/g, respectively, whereas those on day 35 after preparation were 0.59 mg/g and 0.41 mg/g, respectively. Thus, sinigrin concentrations decreased during storage.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2017

N-nitrosamines are the nitroso compounds which are produced by nitrosation reactions of the secondary amine and nitrite under acidic conditions. Approximately 300 species of N-nitrosamine have been tested for carcinogenicity in laboratory experiments, with 90% of them demonstrated carcinogenic effects different animal species, including higher primates. In 1978, IARC classified NDMA and NDEA as Group 2A, and NDPA, NDBA, NPIP, NPYR and NMOR as Group 2B. In this study, we established pretreatment and analytical method for N-nitrosamines (NDMA, NDEA, NMEA, NDPA, NDBA, NPIP, NPYR and NMOR) in human urine for biological monitoring of N-nitrosamines. The analytes were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE), then quantitative analysis was performed by LC-(APCI)-MS/MS. The accuracies of the established method were between 85.8~108.7% and precisions were lower than 20%. The limit of detection (LOD) were between 0.0002 (NDBA) and 0.0793 (NDMA) ng/ml. The linearity obtained was satisfying for the 8 N-nitrosamines, with a coefficient of determination ($r^2$) higher than 0.999. The mean concentrations of N-nitrosamines in the urine were 2.645 mg/g creatinine for NDMA, 0.067 mg/g creatinine for NDEA, 0.009 mg/g creatinine for NMEA, 0.011 mg/g creatinine for NDBA, 0.271 mg/g creatinine for NPIP and 0.413 mg/g creatinine for NPYR. NDPA and NMOR were not detected. It can be used as a instrumental methodology for evaluation and risk assessment of human exposure to N-nitrosamines for the further research.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 1996

This study was carried out to determine the effects of growth regulators, carbon sources and silver nitrate on callus formation and plant regeneration of turfgrass. The results were summarized as fallows : Callus from Korean lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) and pencross creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustrir Huds.) induced better in MS medium than in N6 medium and by addition of 2,4-D than by that of NAA. Callus formation from Korean lawngrass and penncross creeping bentgrass was very effective at MS medium adding 1mg/L 2,4-D and at the medium adding 2mg/L 2,4-D, repectively. Growth of callus was good at MS medium containing 2mg/L 2,4-D+0.2mg/L NAA. Callus growth of Korean lawngrass and penncross creeping bentgrass was good when kinetin was added 0.2mg/L and 0.3mg/L, individually, to MS medium containg 2mg/L 2,4-D+0.2mg/L NAA. Regeneration rate from leaf and stock callus of Korean lawngrass was 44% at MS medium adding 2,4-D 2mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L+kinetin 0.3mg/L and 32% at the medium containing 2,4-D 2mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L+kinetin 0.3mg/L, each and that from leaf and stock callus of penncross creeping bentgrass was 80% and 67%, each, at the medium adding 2,4-D 2mg/l+NAA 0.2mg/L+kinetin 0.3mg/L. Regeneration rate of Korean lawngrass and penneross creeping bentgrass increased by 3 to 4% and by 10 to 16%, respectively, when added $AgNO_3$ 1~2mg/L to the above-mentioned regeneration medium.