• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.315-317
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• 2015

In vitro culture of murine embryos is an important step for in vitro production systems including in vitro fertilization and generations of genetically engineered mice. M16 is widely used commercialized culture media for the murine embryos. Compared to other media such as potassium simplex optimization medium, commercial M16 (Sigma) media lacks of amino acid, glutamine and antibiotics. In the present study, we optimized M16 based embryo culture system using commercialized antibiotics-glutamine or amino acids supplements. In vivo derived murine zygote were M16 media were supplemented with commercial Penicillin-Streptomycin-Glutamine solution (PSG; Gibco) or MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids solution (NEAA; Gibco) as experimental design. Addition of PSG did not improved cleavage and blastocyst rates. On the other hand, cleavage rate is not different between control and NEAA treated group, however, blastocyst formation is significantly (P<0.05) improved in NEAA treated group. Developmental competence between PSG and NEAA treated groups were also compared. Between two groups, cleavage rate was similar. However, blastocyst formation rate is significantly improved in NEAA treated group. Taken together, beneficial effect of NEAA on murine embryos development was confirmed. Effect of antibiotics and glutamine addition to M16 media is still not clear in the study.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.301-306
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• 1998

This experiment was carrid out to know the effects of heating and serum on hydroxyl radicals in embryonic mouse forebrain (cerebrum) culture. The heating to mouse embryonic cerebrum cells in culture was done in a water bath at 43${\circ}C$ for 60min. After that, two supernatants were prepared at 20 hrs and 48 hrs respectively after heat treatment to the brain cells. To find out the heating effects on neuron cells, mouse cerebrum cells (13 embryonic day) were cultured in hydroxyl radical generation system composed of 20mU/ml glucose oxidase (GO system), using condition of normal culture media (MEM, 5% serum, 5% $CO_2$or supernatant prepared after heating at 43${\circ}C$ for 60 min in a water bath. Supernatant prepared at 20 hrs after heat treatment had a greater protective effects against hydroxyl radical than supernatant prepared at 48 hrs after heat treatment . Otherwise, the protective effect of serum against hydroxyl radicals in the cultured brain cells is higher than that in the heat treatment. These results indicated that serum in culture media reduced cytotoxicity of hydroxyl radicals in mouse forebrain culture, also that heat treatment showed the protective effects against hydroxyl radicals generated with 20mU/ml GO system in mouse forebrain culture.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.85-106
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• 2011

This study analyzes excavated Danryeong of the same period to understand differences between female and male Danryeong, and to identify characteristics of female Danryeong, including their purpose, then-name and women's wearing of them. The subject female Danryeong were estimated to be worn in the late 15th century and the early 17th century, and newly-discovered female Danryeong, along with those examined in the Song Mi-kyeong's study, were studied. This study found that female Danryeong have distinctive characteristics from male's in many aspects such as ease of a garment, sleeve design, Hansam (a layered sleeve to cover hands), shape of Moos (side pleats), Goreum (a coat string), Dae (a belt). From this finding, the purpose of female Danryeong can be assumed: a ceremonial robe, which is different from that of mem's official robe. Female Danryeong began to disappear as Wonsam, a ceremonial topcoat, emerged. From the transitional Danryeong and excavated Wonsam, female Danryeong were estimated to be used as ceremonial robes in the mid Joseon period when Wonsam had yet to be created; and they were estimated to be called "Dansam" or "Wonsam."

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-26
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• 1983

In order to investigate the biocompatibility of silver-palladium alloys, gingival fibroblast was obtained from a healthy human gingival and cultured in MEM medium with the addition of silverpalladium alloys. Four different mixture of silver-palladium alloys comprising of Ag-Pd-Au, Ag-Pd-In and Ag-Sn were tested. Results were assessed by calculating the cell multiplication rate per millimeter of medium and morphological changes in cells were also observed and noted.The obtained results were as follows; 1. Ag-Pd-Au alloy was indicated to be most biocompatible with gingival fibroblast. Also there was a decrease in cytotoxicity of the alloy as the concentration of gold increased. 2. Ag-Pd alloy showed a decrease in cell multiplication rate as compared to Ag-Pd~Au alloy. 3. Silver-palladium alloy supplemented with Indium increased the cell multiplication rate. 4. Among the alloys tested, Ag-Sn alloy was indicated to be the most cytotoxic and the least biocompatible with human gingival fibroblast.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2003

본 연구는 난소의 황체를 체외배양시 TGF-$\beta$1의 황체내 발현을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 돼지 황체는 축산기술연구소에서 사육중인 돼지(체중 145$\pm$kg) 12두로부터 발정을 유도시켜 배란 후 약 48시간째 도축하여 난소를 회수하였다. 회수된 난소로부터 황체를 분리하여 세절한 후 0.25% collagenase용액(0.025mg DNase, 50mM EDTA, 50mM Dithio-threitol)으로 37$^{\circ}C$의 진탕 수조에서 30분간 배양하여 황체세포를 분리 회수하였다. 회수된 황체세포는 D-MEM용액(GIBCO, 10% FCS와 antibiotics 첨가)으로 2회 세척하여 1$\times$$10^{6}$live cell/$m\ell$이 되도록 희석하여 24 well culture plate(Corning, New Tork 14831)에 분주하여 $CO_2$ 배양기($CO_2$: 5%)에서 24시간 간격으로 2회 배양액을 교환해 48시간 동안 배양하였다. 배양된 황체 세포는 immunocytochemistry 방법으로 TGF-$\beta$1의 발현을 관찰함과 동시에 황체조직도 같은 방법을 사용하여 TGF-$\beta$1 의 발현 유ㆍ무을 관찰하였다. 그 결과 황체세포 그리고 황체 조직 뚜렷한 TGF$\beta$1의 발현을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과로서 TGF$\beta$1은 황체기능을 유지하는데 하나의 인자로서 작용하며 다른 인자들과의 상호작용을 시사하고 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.697-709
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• 2013

A simulation method called modified differential transform is studied to solve the free vibration problems of uniform Euler-Bernoulli beam. First of all, the modified differential transform method is derived. Secondly, the modified differential transformation is applied to uniform Euler-Bernoulli beam free-free vibration. And then a set of differential equations are established. Through algebraic operations on these equations, we can get any natural frequency and normalized mode shape. Thirdly, the FEM is applied to obtain the numerical solutions. Finally, mode experimental method (MEM) is conducted to obtain experimental data for analysis by signal processing with LMS Test.lab Vibration testing and analysis system. Experimental data and simulation results are illustrated to be in comparison with the analytical solutions. The results show that the modified differential transform method can achieve good results in predicting the solution of such problems.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

Titanium carbides are widely used for cutting tools and grinding wheels, because of their superior physical properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, high wear resistance, good thermal conductivity and excellent thermal shock resistance. The common synthesizing method for the titanium carbide powders is carbo-thermal reduction from the mixtures of titanium oxide($TiO_2$) and carbon black. The purpose of the present research is to fabricate nano TiC powders using titanium salt and titanium hydride by the mechanochemical process(MCP). The initial elements used in this experiment are liquid $TiCl_4$(99.9%), $TiH_2$(99.9%) and active carbon(<$32{\mu}m$, 99.9%). Mg powders were added to the $TiCl_4$ solution in order to induce the reaction with Cl-. The weight ratios of the carbon and Mg powders were theoretically calculated. The TiC and $MgCl_2$ powders were milled in the planetary milling jar for 10 hours. The 40 nm TiC powders were fabricated by wet milling for 4 hours from the $TiCl_4$+C+Mg solution, and 300 nm TiC particles were obtained by using titanium hydride.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 1994

In the course of study of dendroids, Czuba [3] introduced a notion of $R^{i}$ -continua which is a generalization of R-arc [1]. He showed a new class of non-contractible dendroids, namely of dendroids which contain an $R^{i}$ -continuum. Subsecequently Charatonik [2] attempted to extend the notion into hyperspace C(X) of metric continuum X. In so doing, there were some oversights in extending some of the results relating $R^{i}$ -continua of dendroids for metric continua. In fact, Proposition 1 in [2] is false (see example C below) and his proof of Theorem 6 in [2] is not correct (Take Example 4 in [4] with K = [e,e'] as an $R^{1}$-continuum of X and work it out. Then one seens that K not .mem. K as he claimed otherwise.). The aims of this paper are to introduce a notion of w-regular convergence which is weaker than 0-regular convergence and to prove that the w-regular convergence of a sequence {Xn}$^{\infty}$$_{n=1}$ to $X_{0}$ of subcontinua of a metric continuum X is a necessary and sufficient for the sequence {C( $X_{n}$)}$^{\infty}$$_{n=1}$ to converge to C( $X_{0}$ ), and also to prove that if a metric continuum X contains an $R^{i}$ -continuum with w-regular convergence, then the hyperspace C(X) of X contains $R^{i}$ -continuum.inuum.uum.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 1989

The development of 2-cell mouse embryos to the blastocyst stage in vitro has been used as quality control for the culture media and supplements employed for human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET). 2-cell mouse embryos were cultured to the blastocyst stage in SECM, Medium 199-Earle's, Ham's F-10 I , Ham's F-10 II , Hoppe & Pitts, MEM and $HT_6$. The protein supplements contained in media were bovine serum albumine, fetal bovine serum and human fetal cord serum. The results were as follows; 1. The successful development was 81.3% in Medium 199-Earle’s, 91.9% in Ham’s F-10 I and 97.1% in $HT_6$. 2. 2-cell mouse embryos developed properly in all supplements but the best development was particularly noted in $HT_6$ media when HFCS was supplied as protein supplement.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.305-311
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• 1987

To evaluate training effect, the step exercise was loaded to three mem for nine weeks. Step score, cardiopulmonary functions and blood constituents were measured before, during and after the test exercise (50 cm-step exercise and treadmill running), and were compared with the pre-tranining values. The results were as follows: 1) By the training, Harvard step score increased remarkably, expecially in the early stage of training. 2) The post-training values of maximal oxygen uptake increased very significantly and it seemed to be due to increases of stroke volume and tissue oxygen extraction. 3) After the training, the degree of increase in expired volume was small during the treadmill exercise. 4) By the training, increasing rate of respiratory quotient lessened during the exercise and it was considered to be caused by the decreases of carbohydrate consumption and anaerobic metabolism. 5) The blood cholesterol concentrations were harldy changed with this degree of training. 6) The blood lactate level decreased during the recovery periods and the values of the recovery 0 and 5 minutes decreased remarkably, in comparison with the pre-trained values. The above results suggest that the 9 week-training of the step exercise brings about the enhancement of circulatory functions and tissue oxygen utilization, and changes of food-stuffs used during the exercise.