• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2022

The heterogeneous Onju citrus genes (A=20.57, C=32.71, G=30.01, U=16.71%) and coffee genes (A=20.66, C=31.76, G=30.187, U=16.71%) have the same genetic ratio of 95% or more. It is known that gene compatibility is generally not possible with this group. However, it can be grafted if the conditions of Chargaff rule and Shannon Entropy are met with gene functional-similarity of more than 95%, and it becomes a new breed of Coffrange. We calculated the world's first BCJM matrix for DNA-RNA and published it in US patents and international journals. All animals and viruses are similar to human genes. Based on this, it was announced in June in the British matrix textbook by solving the genetic characteristics of COVID-19 and the human body. In plants, it is treated with BCJM-Transposon treatment, a technique that easily changes gene location. Simulation predicted that the matrix could be successful with Cut & Paste and Transpose.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3229-3235
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• 2013

Background: Many breast cancers are caused by certain rare and familial mutations in the high or moderate penetrance genes BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2. The aim of this study was to examine the allele and genotype frequencies of seven mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 genes in breast cancer patients and to investigate their isolated and combined associations with breast cancer risk. Methods: We genotyped seven mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 genes and then analyzed single variations and haplotype associations in 106 breast cancer patients and 80 healthy controls. Results: We found significant associations in the analyses of CHEK2- 1100delC (p=0.001) and BRCA1-5382insC (p=0.021) mutations in breast cancer patients compared to controls. The highest risk was observed among breast cancer patients carrying both CHEK2-1100delC and BRCA2- Met784Val mutations (OR=0.093; 95%CI 0.021-0.423; p=0.001). We identified one previously undescribed BRCA2 and a CHEK2 four-marker haplotype of A-C-G-C which was overrepresented ($X^2$=7.655; p=0.0057) in the patient group compared to controls. Conclusion: In this study, we identified a previously undescribed BRCA2 and CHEK2 A-C-G-C haplotype in association with the breast cancer in our population. Our results further suggest that the CHEK2-1100delC mutation in combination with BRCA2-Met784Val may lead to an unexpected high risk which needs to be confirmed in larger cohorts in order to better understand their role in the development and prognosis of breast cancer.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 2011

The ability to feed an expanding world population poses one of the greatest challenges to mankind in the future. Accompanying the increased demand for food by the expected nine billion inhabitants of Earth in 2050 will be a continual decrease in arable land area, together with a decline in crop yield due to a variety of stresses. For these formidable challenges to be met, future crops should not only by high-yielding, but also stress-tolerant and disease-resistant. In this review, we highlight the importance of genetic engineering as an indispensable tool to generate just such future crops. We briefly discuss strategies and available tools for biotechnological crop improvement and identify selected examples of candidate genes that may be manipulated so that current biological maxima in yield may be surpassed by comfortable margins. Future prospects and the necessity for basic research aimed at identifying novel target genes are also discussed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.256-264
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• 2006

Salicornia herbacea L. (Chenopodiaceae) has been used as a seasoned vegetable by living in coastal areas. S. herbacea (SH) has been demonstrated to stimulate cytokine production, nitric oxide release, and to show anti-oxidative effect. In a series of investigations to develop potential anti-diabetic and/or anti-hyperlipidemic agents from Korean indigenous plants, 50% ethanol extract of Salicornia herbacea was found to prevent the onset of the hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet in ICR mice. At 6 week old, the ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups; two control and three treatment groups. The control mice were to receive either a regular diet (RD) or high-fat diet (HFD), and the treatment groups were fed a high fat diet with either 350 mg/kg, 700 mg/kg of SH (SH350 and SH700) or 250 mg/kg of met-formin (MT250) for a 10-week period. SH not only reduced body weight but also corrected associated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in a dose dependent manner. SH exerted beneficial effects on the plasma glucose and lipid homeostasis possibly ascribed to its specific effects on lipogenesis related genes (SREBP1a, FAS, GAPT), and PEPCK, glucose 6-phosphatase gene expressions in liver. Ethanol extract of S. herbacea has potential as a preventive agent for type 2 diabetes (and possibly hyperlipidemia) and deserves future clinical trial.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.8.1-8.3
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• 2013

Unlike the traditional view, it is not mysterious about how G. Mendel chose the seven characters of the pea, Pisum sativum, that he studied. He first chose the pea that met three conditions he set up and repeated experiments for two years. Apparently, he knew that those characters were controlled by countable elements. Then, he derived the prediction on the basis of his idea about the elements, and selected the seven characters that satisfied the prediction. He knew "no prediction no science". In population genetics the Hardy-Weinberg principle is well known and cited in many papers and books. However, Mendel already derived the same principle in his paper, because he was acquainted also with physics and mathematics. Actually, the principle was trivial when they derived, but not at all when Mendel did. It is also well known that Mendel's laws were forgotten and rediscovered at the term of the 19th century. That may not be true either. His laws were internationally well known before the rediscovery. In fact, the 1881-year version of the Encyclopedia Britannica contains his laws.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2020

Cancer incidence has been increasing steadily and is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Gastric cancer is still most common malignancy in Korea. Cancer initiation and progression are multistep processes involving various growth factors and their ligands. Among these growth factors, we have studied hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is associated with cell proliferation and invasion, leading to cancer and metastasis, especially in gastric cancer. We explored the intercellular communication between HGF and other surface membrane receptors in gastric cancer cell lines. Using complimentary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray technology, we found new genes associated with HGF in the stomach cancer cell lines, NUGC-3 and MKN-28, and identified their function within the HGF pathway. The HGF/N-methyl-N'-nitroso-guanidine human osteosarcoma transforming gene (c-MET) axis interacts with several molecules including E-cadherin, urokinase plasminogen activator, KiSS-1, Jun B, and lipocalin-2. This pathway may affect cell invasion and metastasis or cell apoptosis and is therefore associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in gastric cancer.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2016

Ureaplasma species can normally colonize in the bodies of healthy individuals. Their colonization is associated with various diseases including non-gonococcal urethritis, chorioamnionitis, neonatal meningitis, and prematurity. In 2012, the sum of the resistant and intermediate resistant rates of Ureaplasma spp. to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was 66.08% and 92.69%, respectively. DNA point mutations in the genes encoding DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV are commonly responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. Each enzyme is composed of two subunits encoded by gyrA and gyrB genes for DNA gyrase and parC and parE genes for topoisomerase IV. In the current study, these genes were sequenced in order to determine the role of amino acid substitutions in Ureaplasma spp. clinical isolates. From December 2012 to May 2013, we examined mutation patterns of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) in Ureaplasma spp. DNA sequences in the QRDR region of Ureaplasma clinical isolates were compared with those of reference strains including U. urealyticum serovar 8 (ATCC 27618) and U. parvum serovar 3 (ATCC 27815). Mutations were detected in all ofloxacin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, however no mutations were detected in drug-susceptible isolates. Most of the mutations related to fluoroquinolone resistance occurred in the parC gene, causing amino acid substitutions. Newly found amino acid substitutions in this study were Asn481Ser in GyrB; Phe149Leu, Asp150Met, Asp151Ile, and Ser152Val in ParC; and Pro446Ser and Arg448Lys in ParE. Continuous monitoring and accumulation of mutation data in fluoroquinolone-resistant Ureaplasma clinical isolates are essential to determining the tendency and to understanding the mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

The flavonoid, isokaempferide, has various biological activities such as hepatoprotective, antimicrobial and antiproliferative effect and is extracted from Amburana cearensis and Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.). Biotransformation is an alternative tool for the synthesis of value-added flavonoids with inexpensive substrates. Here, to synthesize isokaempferide from naringenin, two genes, PFLS and Rice O-mthyltransferae-9 were introduced in Escherichia coli. Although isokaempferide was successfully synthesized, the amount of biosynthesis was no high. In order to increase the yields of isokaempferide, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) used as a methyl donor was increased by deleting MetJ, which is a transcriptional regulator related to SAM biosynthetic pathway. Next we optimized the cell concentration and substrate feed concentration with the engineered E. coli strain. Through these strategies, the biosynthesis of isokaempferide was increased up to 87 mg/L.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2020

Purpose: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) frequently harbor activating gene mutations in either KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) and are highly responsive to several selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this study, a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay with an Oncomine Focus Assay (OFA) panel was used for the genetic characterization of molecular targets in 30 Korean patients with GIST. Materials and Methods: Using the OFA that enables rapid and simultaneous detection of hotspots, single nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertion and deletions (Indels), copy number variants (CNVs), and gene fusions across 52 genes relevant to solid tumors, targeted NGS was performed using genomic DNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of 30 GISTs. Results: Forty-three hotspot/other likely pathogenic variants (33 SNVs, 8 Indels, and 2 amplifications) in 16 genes were identified in 26 of the 30 GISTs. KIT variants were most frequent (44%, 19/43), followed by 6 variants in PIK3CA, 3 in PDGFRA, 2 each in JAK1 and EGFR, and 1 each in AKT1, ALK, CCND1, CTNNB1, FGFR3, FGFR4, GNA11, GNAQ, JAK3, MET, and SMO. Based on the mutation types, majority of the variants carried missense mutations (60%, 26/43), followed by 8 frameshifts, 6 nonsense, 1 stop-loss, and 2 amplifications. Conclusions: Our study confirmed the advantage of using targeted NGS with a cancer gene panel to efficiently identify mutations associated with GISTs. These findings may provide a molecular genetic basis for developing new drugs targeting these gene mutations for GIST therapy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.387-395
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• 2022

Deciphering the metabolites of human diseases is an important objective of biomedical research. Here, we aimed to capture the core metabolites of Fanconi anemia (FA) using the bioinformatics method of a multi-omics composite network. Based on the assumption that metabolite levels can directly mirror the physiological state of the human body, we used a multi-omics composite network that integrates six types of interactions in humans (gene-gene, disease phenotype-phenotype, disease-related metabolite-metabolite, gene-phenotype, gene-metabolite, and metabolite-phenotype) to procure the core metabolites of FA. This method is applicable in predicting and prioritizing disease candidate metabolites and is effective in a network without known disease metabolites. In this report, we first singled out the differentially expressed genes upon different groups that were related with FA and then constructed the multi-omics composite network of FA by integrating the aforementioned six networks. Ultimately, we utilized random walk with restart (RWR) to screen the prioritized candidate metabolites of FA, and meanwhile the co-expression gene network of FA was also obtained. As a result, the top 5 metabolites of FA were tenormin (TN), guanosine 5'-triphosphate, guanosine 5'-diphosphate, triphosadenine (DCF) and adenosine 5'-diphosphate, all of which were reported to have a direct or indirect relationship with FA. Furthermore, the top 5 co-expressed genes were CASP3, BCL2, HSPD1, RAF1 and MMP9. By prioritizing the metabolites, the multi-omics composite network may provide us with additional indicators closely linked to FA.