• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.784-794
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• 2009

We present a full HD (1080p) H.264/AVC High Profile hardware encoder based on fast motion estimation (ME). Most processing cycles are occupied with ME and use external memory access to fetch samples, which degrades the performance of the encoder. A novel approach to fast ME which uses shared multibank memory can solve these problems. The proposed pixel subsampling ME algorithm is suitable for fast motion vector searches for high-quality resolution images. The proposed algorithm achieves an 87.5% reduction of computational complexity compared with the full search algorithm in the JM reference software, while sustaining the video quality without any conspicuous PSNR loss. The usage amount of shared multibank memory between the coarse ME and fine ME blocks is 93.6%, which saves external memory access cycles and speeds up ME. It is feasible to perform the algorithm at a 270 MHz clock speed for 30 frame/s real-time full HD encoding. Its total gate count is 872k, and internal SRAM size is 41.8 kB.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2019

Both Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii are important apicomplexan parasites, which infect humans worldwide. Genetic analyses have revealed that 33% of amino acid sequences of inner membrane complex from the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei is similar to that of Toxoplasma gondii. Inner membrane complex is known to be involved in cell invasion and replication. In this study, we investigated the resistance against T. gondii (ME49) infection induced by previously infected P. berghei (ANKA) in mice. Levels of T. gondii-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody responses, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ T cell populations were found higher in the mice infected with P. berghei (ANKA) and challenged with T. gondii (ME49) compared to that in control mice infected with T. gondii alone (ME49). P. berghei (ANKA) + T. gondii (ME49) group showed significantly reduced the number and size of T. gondii (ME49) cysts in the brains of mice, resulting in lower body weight loss compared to ME49 control group. These results indicate that previous exposure to P. berghei (ANKA) induce resistance to subsequent T. gondii (ME49) infection.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 1990

가토흉부대동백근에서 MeB와 gentian violet는 용량-의존성 수축반응을 일으켰으나 evans blue와 eosine yellowish는 전혀 수축반응을 일으키지 못하였다. MeB는 돼지 장간막 동맥에서도 용량-의존성 수축반응을 일으켰다. 양표본에서 MeB $10^{-4}$ M의 단회투여는 수축반응에 이어 이완반응이 나타나는 양상성 반응을 일으켰으나, tyramine은 지속적인 수축반응을 일으켰다. Tyramine의 수축반응은 반복적이었으나 MeB의 그것은 일차 수축반응후 $3{\sim}5$시간후까지도 반복되지 않았다. Tyramine $10^{-4}$ M의 최대 수축반응 상태에서 MeB $10^{-4}$ M의 추가투여는 현저한 추가수축반응을 일으켰으나 반대로 MeB의 최대수축반응 상태에서 tyramine의 추가투여는 그이상의 수축반응을 일으키지 못하였다. Tyramine과 MeB 수축반응은 교감신경계 악물로 소실 또는 유의하게 억제되었다. Tyramine 수축반응은 MeB 수축보다 guanethidine과 6-hydroxydopamine에 더 예민한 반면, $Ca^{2+}-free$ PSS와 reserpine에 대하여는 MeB 수축반응이 tyramine 수축보다 더 예민하였고 prazosin하에서는 두 수축반응이 비슷하게 억제되었다. MeB 수축반응은 6-hydroxydopamine으로 유의하게 억제는 되었으나 소실되지 않았고, MeB 수축반응 관찰후에는 tyramine 뿐만아니라 6-hydroxydopamine의 수축반응도 소실되었다. 이상의 성적은 가토흉부대동맥과 돼지 장간막동맥에서 MeB 수축반응은 부분적으로 세포외 calcium 의존성이고 adrenaline성 신경발단으로부터의 norepinephrine유리에 기인하며, MeB의 norepinephrine유리 및 고갈작용이 tyramine 또는 6-hydroxydopamine의 작용보다 더 강력함을 시사하고 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2003

The bubble packing method is implemented for adaptive mesh generation in two and three dimensions. Bubbles on the boundary of a three-dimensional domain are controlled independently of the interior bubbles in the domain, and a modified octree technique is employed to place initial bubbles in the three-dimensional zone. Numerical comparisons are made with other mesh generation techniques to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present bubble packing scheme for two- and three-dimensional domains. It is shown that this bubble packing method provides a high quality of mesh and affordable control of mesh density as well.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1020-1026
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• 2016

Motion estimation (ME) algorithms supporting quarter-pixel accuracy have been recently introduced to retain detailed motion information for high quality of video in the state-of-the-art video compression standard of H.264/AVC. Conventional sub-pixel ME algorithms in the spatial domain are faced with a common problem of computational complexity because of embedded interpolation schemes. This paper proposes a low-complexity sub-pixel motion estimation algorithm in the transform domain utilizing shifting matrix. Simulations are performed to compare the performances of spatial-domain ME algorithms and transform-domain ME algorithms in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the number of bits per frame. Simulation results confirm that the transform-domain approach not only improves the video quality and the compression efficiency, but also remarkably alleviates the computational complexity, compared to the spatial-domain approach.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.25.1-25.5
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• 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a flood of research papers and the information has been updated with considerable frequency. For society to derive benefits from this research, it is necessary to promote sharing up-to-date knowledge from these papers. However, because most research papers are written in English, it is difficult for people who are not familiar with English medical terms to obtain knowledge from them. To facilitate sharing knowledge from COVID-19 papers written in English for Japanese speakers, we tried to construct a dictionary with an open license by assigning Japanese terms to MeSH unique identifiers (UIDs) annotated to words in the texts of COVID-19 papers. Using this dictionary, 98.99% of all occurrences of MeSH terms in COVID-19 papers were covered. We also created a curated version of the dictionary and uploaded it to Pub-Dictionary for wider use in the PubAnnotation system.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 1998

1 cm 아크릴 판과 SSD 가 9MeV 전자선의 측방선량분포 및 깊이선량분포에 미치는 영향을 평가하여 아크릴 판을 전자선치료에서 에너지 저하체로 사용하는 타당성이 있는가를 분석하는 것이 목적이다 .Varian Clinac-2100C 에서 발생되는 9MeV 전자선을 7MeV로 저하시키기 위해 lcm 두께의 아크릴 판을 이용하였다. 아크릴 판은 엑스선 표적에서 65.4cm에 있는 전자선응용장치 상단에 두었으며, 조사면의 크기는 SSD 100cm 에서 l0$\times$10cm로 하였다. 100cm, 105cm, 110cm의 세 가지 SSD에 대해 선축상 깊이선량분포와 최대선량점깊이 (1.4cm) 에서 가로방향과 세로방향의 측방선량분포를 3D 물팬톰을 이용하여 측정하였다. 깊이선량분포에서는 최대선량점과 85% 선량점 ,50% 선량점 깊이와 표면에서 평균에너지, 실비정과 표면에서 최빈에너지를 비교하였다. 측방선량분포 측정으로부터 평탄도, 피넘브러폭, 실조사면크기를 비교하였다. 참조를 위한 목적에서 9MeV 전자선도 측정하였다. SSD가 l00cm 에서 l10cm로 증가함에 따라 7MeV 전자의 표면선량율이 85.5% 에서 82.2% 로 감소하였고, 선량증가영역을 제외하고는 깊이선량분포는 SSD에 영향을 받지 않았다. 평탄도는 7MeV가 4.7% 에서 10.4% 로 변하여 9MeV 의 1.4% 에서 3.5% 로 변한 것에 비하여 심하게 변하였다. 피넘브러폭은 7MeV 가 1.52cm 에서 3.03cm 로 증대하여 9MeV 의 1.14 cm에서 1.63cm로 증대된 것에 비해 심하게 변하였다. 7 MeV 전자선의 실조사면크기는 10.75cm에서 12.85 cm로 증대하여 9MeV 전자선의 10.32cm 에서 11.46cm 로 증대하는 것에 비해 심하게 변하였다. 가상선원표면거리는 7 MeV, 9MeV 각각에 대해 49.8cm,88.5cm였다. 에너지 저하체를 이용하는 경우에도 그렇지 않은 경우와 마찬가지로 SSD가 멀어져도 선량증가영역을 제외하고는 깊이선량분포는 변하지 않았다. 에너지 저하체를 사용하면 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 SSD 가 증가하면 평탄도가 허용범위를 넘어 나빠지고, 피넘브러 폭은 넓어지며 조사면 크기가 더 심하게 커진다. 가상선원표면거리는 현저하게 짧아졌다. 결론적으로 전자선치료에서 특히 먼 SSD 에서 에너지 저하체를 이용하지 않는 것이 바람직하다고 생각된다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제15권1_2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

Scavenging effects on paraquat induced toxicity were investigated by using methanol (MeOH) and ethylacetate (EtoAC) extracts of Lonicera japonica. The results are summerized as follows: 1. To Fe(III)-ADP-NADPH induced microsomal lipid peroixdation, MeOH and EtoAC extracts showed antioxidative activiies and inhibition ratio at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ 44.4% and 73.8% respectively 2. To microsomal NADPH dependent cytochrome p -450 reductase in rat liver, MeOH and EtoAC extracts inhibited the enzyme activiies and inhibition ratio were 26.3% and 44.8% respectively. 3. Administration (30 mg/kg, iv) of paraquat to rats caused the marked elevation of GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP in the serum and lipid peroxides in the microsome as compared to the control group. Serum GTP, LDH, ALP and liver microsomal LPO were reduced significantaly by administration of MeOH extract. (1,000 mg/kg), EtoAC extract (40 mg/kg) and Silymarin (150 mg/kg) as compared to the paraquat group. From the results, MeOH and EtoAc exuacts. of Lonicera japonica showed the useful scavenger and reducer on the paraquat induced hepatotoxicty.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1145-1152
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• 2013

The rate constant of alkaline fading of methyl green ($ME^{2+}$) was measured in the presence of non ionic (TX-100), cationic (DTAB) and anionic (SDS) surfactants. $ME^{2+}$ hydrolyses and fades in neutral water and in this work we search the effects of surfactants on its fading rate. The rate of reaction showed remarkable dependence on the electrical charge of the used surfactants. It was observed that the reaction rate constant decreased in the presence of DTAB and SDS and increased in the presence of TX-100. Binding constants of $ME^{2+}$ to TX-100, DTAB and SDS and the related thermodynamic parameters were obtained by classical (or stoichiometric) model. The results show that binding of $ME^{2+}$ to TX-100 and DTAB are two-region and that of SDS is three-region. Also, the binding constants of $ME^{2+}$ to surfactant molecules in DTAB/TX-100 and SDS/TX-100 mixed solutions and their stoichiometric ratios were obtained.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.34-40
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• 1999

Aerobic night-soil treatment effluent containing high concentration of ammonia nitrogen was treated to remove nitrogen using Bardenpho process with Methanol addition. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of complete nitrogen removal at three different HRTs such as 6.25d, 5d, and 3.75d, respectively. At each HRT, the nitrogen removal efficiencies are 92%, 99% and 97% and the required amount of methanol are 3.05gMeOH/gN, 2.75gMeOH/gN, and 3.38gMeOH/gN, respectively. Specific nitrification rates are decreased proportional to HRT and are $0.022gNH_4^+-N/g\;MLVSS{\cdot}day$, $0.0332gNH_4^+-N/g\;MLVSS{\cdot}day$ and $0.051gNH_4^+-N/g\;MLVSS{\cdot}day$ and specific denitification rate are decreased proportional to HRT and are $0.0210g\;N/gMLVSS{\cdot}day$, $0.0330g\;N/gMLVSS{\cdot}day$ and $0.0525g\;N/gMLVSS{\cdot}day$, respectively.