• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

The 1st Forest Health Management survey was conducted to examine the health of the forests in Korea. However, in order to understand the health of the forests, which account for 63.7% of the total land area in South Korea, it is necessary to comprehensively spatialize the results of the survey beyond the sampling points. In this regard, out of the sample points of the 1st Forest Health Management survey in Gyeongbuk area, 78 spots were selected. For these spots, the species diversity index was selected from the survey sections, and the spatial interpolation method was applied. Inverse distance weighted (IDW), Ordinary Kriging and Ordinary Cokriging were applied as spatial interpolation methods. Ordinary Cokriging was performed by selecting vegetation indices which are highly correlated with species diversity index as a secondary variable. The vegetation indices - Normalized Differential Vegetation Index(NDVI), Leaf Area Index(LAI), Sample Ratio(SR) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index(SAVI) - were extracted from Landsat 8 OLI. Verification was performed by the spatial interpolation method with Mean Error(ME) and Root Mean Square Error(RMSE). As a result, Ordinary Cokriging using SR showed the most accurate result with ME value of 0.0000218 and RMSE value of 0.63983. Ordinary Cokriging using SR was proven to be more accurate than Ordinary Kriging, IDW, using one variable. This indicates that the spatial interpolation method using the vegetation indices is more suitable for spatialization of the biodiversity index sample points of 1st Forest Health Management survey.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.2448-2463
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• 2013

The traditional block-based motion compensation methods in frame rate up-conversion (FRUC) only use a single uniquely motion vector field. However, there will always be some mistakes in the motion vector field whether the advanced motion estimation (ME) and motion vector analysis (MA) algorithms are performed or not. Once the motion vector field has many mistakes, the quality of the interpolated frame is severely affected. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes a novel joint overlapped block motion compensation method (8J-OBMC) which adopts motion vectors of the interpolated block and its 8-neighbor blocks to jointly interpolate the target block. Since the smoothness of motion filed makes the motion vectors of 8-neighbor blocks around the interpolated block quite close to the true motion vector of the interpolated block, the proposed compensation algorithm has the better fault-tolerant capability than traditional ones. Besides, the annoying blocking artifacts can also be effectively suppressed by using overlapped blocks. Experimental results show that the proposed method is not only robust to motion vectors estimated wrongly, but also can to reduce blocking artifacts in comparison with existing popular compensation methods.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.575-584
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• 2002

This paper presents a novel DCT-based embedded zero-tree coding and optimal bit allocation algorithm for image sequence coding. In order to fully utilize the structure of the conventional standard coding algorithm and improve the coding efficiency, motion estimation and compensation(ME/MC)-DCT hybrid coding structure and a modified zero-tree coding algorithm are applied. After the rearrangement DCT coefficients into pyramidal structure according to their significance on the decoded image quality, the modified embedded zero-tree coding is performed on layered coefficients. Moreover, for a given overall bit rates, a new optimal bit control scheme is proposed to achieve the best decoded image quality in the consecutive frames. The rate control scheme can also provide the equal quality of decoded image with the control of bit rate and distortion for each frame. The various simulation results are provided to evaluate the coding performance of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2018

Overfishing capacity has become a global issue due to over-exploitation of fisheries resources, which result from excessive fishing intensity since the 1980s. In the case of Korea, the fishing effort has been quantified and used as an quantified index of fishing intensity. Fisheries resources of coastal fisheries in the Korean waters of the East Sea tend to decrease productivity due to deterioration in the quality of ecosystem, which result from the excessive overfishing activities according to the development of fishing gear and engine performance of vessels. In order to manage sustainable and reasonable fisheries resources, it is important to understand the fluctuation of biomass and predict the future biomass. Therefore, in this study, we forecasted biomass in the Korean waters of the East Sea for the next two decades (2017~2036) according to the changes in fishing intensity using four fishing effort scenarios; $f_{current}$, $f_{PY}$, $0.5{\times}f_{current}$ and $1.5{\times}f_{current}$. For forecasting biomass in the Korean waters of the East Sea, parameters such as exploitable carrying capacity (ECC), intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) and catchability (q) estimated by maximum entropy (ME) model was utilized and logistic function was used. In addition, coefficient of variation (CV) by the Jackknife re-sampling method was used for estimation of coefficient of variation about exploitable carrying capacity ($CV_{ECC}$). As a result, future biomass can be fluctuated below the $B_{PY}$ level when the current level of fishing effort in 2016 maintains. The results of this study are expected to be utilized as useful data to suggest direction of establishment of fisheries resources management plan for sustainable use of fisheries resources in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 2001

Categorical data has sometimes misclassification errors. If this data will be analyzed, then estimated cell probabilities could be biased and the standard Pearson X2 tests may have inflated true type I error rates. On the other hand, if we regard wellclassified data with misclassified one, then we might spend lots of cost and time on adjustment of misclassification. It is a necessary and important step to ask whether categorical data is misclassified before analyzing data. In this paper, when data is misclassified at one of two variables for two-dimensional contingency table and marginal sums of a well-classified variable are fixed. We explore to partition marginal sums into each cells via the concepts of Bound and Collapse of Sebastiani and Ramoni (1997). The double sampling scheme (Tenenbein 1970) is used to obtain informations of misclassification. We propose test statistics in order to solve misclassification problems and examine behaviors of the statistics by simulation studies.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.523-530
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• 2013

This study has been carried out to clarify the characteristics of discharge and pollutant loading according to flow conditions at jiseok stream watershed (JSW). A flow rate and pollutant load in the study watershed were estimated by equation of stage-discharge and discharge-loads rating curve. By using the methods above, I've evaluated the water quality (WQ) of the JSW if it is satisfied with the standard target. I've collected the data of BOD and T-P from the JSW every 8 days for the duration of 12 months. And then, I've schematized the data upon the load duration curve and the results showed me that the WQ of JSW was satisfied with the standard target. I've also collected the same data every each day for the duration of 12 months from JSW and have schematized the data again. And the results showed that it also was satisfied with the standard target. To be concluded, I've determined that point pollution sources of JSW gives more significant impacts to the WQ than non-point pollution sources of JSW and hence, as time goes, point pollution sources will keep depriciating the WQ of JSW. Therefore, further efforts will be required to JSW to maintain the WQ.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.2091-2098
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• 2010

This paper proposes a hologram data compression scheme that uses the existing image/video compression techniques, in which the existing techniques are modified appropriately to fit to the characteristics of hologram. In this paper we use CGH as the hologram data. The proposed scheme uses the generation characteristics of a CGH to consist of a pre-processing, spatial segmentation of a CGH, frequency-transformation with 2D-DCT (2-dimensional discrete cosine transform), and motion estimation and residual image generation in the frequency-domain. It uses H.264/AVC, the lossless compressor BinHex, and a linear quantizer that we have made. From the experiments the proposed scheme showed the image quality of about 25.4 dB at the compression ratio of 10:1 and about 16.5dB at 90:1 compression ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.2270-2275
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• 2008

수문학적 하도추적법의 하나인 Muskingum 모형은 미 육군공병단(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)에 의해서 미국 Ohio 주의 Muskingum 유역에 홍수조절계획으로 처음 사용되었으며 모형의 구조 및 입력자료의 단순성에 비하여 비교적 우수한 결과를 모의할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 1938년 McCarthy에 의해서 개발되었고 구간내 총저류량은 prism 저류와 wedge 저류로 구분하여 prism 저류는 유출량에 wedge 저류는 유입량과 유출량의 차에 직접 비례한다는 가정하에 추적식을 개발하였다. 이후 지속적인 연구가 이뤄져 1985년 O'Donnel은 측방유입량(lateral inflow)을 상류단의 유입량에 비례하는 형태로 3-매개변수 muskingum 모형을 제안하여 추적계수의 결정을 선형대수(linear algebra)에서 동차(homogeneous)연립방정식 해를 구하는 Cramer 법칙인 matrix 기법을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 홍수사상으로부터 측방유입량이 고려되고 추적계수 결정에 있어서 직접 계산이 가능한 O'Donnel(1985)이 제안한 3-매개변수 muskingum 모형을 적용하였다. 추적계수들의 결정은 직접 matrix 기법을 적용하였고 적용대상은 낙동강 유역의 낙동 지점을 상류단으로 구미 지점을 하류단으로 선정하였다. 홍수사상은 낙동강 유량측정 조사사업 2005년${\sim}$2007년 보고서에 수록된 수문자료를 선정하여 관측치와 계산치를 비교하였고 홍수사상에 적용하여 수문곡선을 추정하였으며, 각각의 매개변수가 추적구간에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 변수간의 관계를 분석하였다. 또한, 관측치와 계산치의 적합도 검증은 평균제곱근오차(root mean squar error; RMSE)와 모형 효율성 계수(model efficiency; ME)를 산정하여 분석하였으며, 하도 구간내 저류량은 대상구간에 대한 유입량과 유출량의 가중합에 비례한다는 선형모형을 적용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.228-230
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• 2002

The relative electron density resolution was discussed by the noise power spectrum (NPS) in the heavy ion CT image. The heavy ion beam $\^$12/C accelerated up to 400MeV/u by RIMAC was used in this study. The two-dimensional (2-D) NPS in the CT image was obtained from the one-dimensional (1-D) NPS of the measured residual range distribution of water phantom for single projection, and the noise variance in the CT image was calculated from 2-D NPS. The technique used in the reconstruction was the filtered back-projection method with Shepp-Logan filter. The calculated value suggests the result of our previous works using the density resolution phantom, assuming that the relative electron density resolution is twice the standard deviation. Therefore, the estimation of the noise in CT images by 2-D NPS obtained the measured residual range distribution is the useful method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.209-214
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• 1999

Grazing preference, voluntary dry matter intake, stocking rate and digestibility of forage were investigated or sheep grazed in mature oil palm plantations in Malaysia. Dry matter intake (DMI) was estimated using the chromium sesquioxide marker method. The sheep were allowed to graze about 5 hours/day in oil palm plantations of age ranging from 9 to 21 years old. The crude protein, crude fibre and ash contents of selected herbage were 13.1 %; 24.6 %; and 8.3 %, respectively, while the gross energy (GE) and the metabolisable energy (ME) were 16.9 and 6.0 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Broad leaf plants and grasses were normally found in plantation of all ages. Legumes and oil palm seedlings formed the smallest group in the whole mixture. Fern content increased in older plantations. Legumes, oil palm seedlings, fern, broad leaves and grasses were 0.4, 1.3, 11.4, 28.0 and 59.0 %, respectively of total herbage. Grasses showed the highest preference index followed by broad leaf plants, legumes, oil palm seedlings and ferns in that order. The DMI and the metabolisable energy intake (MEI) of sheep at 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 months of age were 64.8, 65.0, 65.3, 65.6 and 67.4 g/kg $W^{0.75}$ (p<0.05) and 0.39, 0.40, 0.40, 0.40 and 0.41 MJ/kg $W^{0.75}$, respectively. The average stocking rate was 4.3 sheep/ha. It was concluded that the performance of the sheep could be improved by increasing the daily grazing period and also by appropriate concentrate supplementation.