• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.813-816
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• 2002

현재 인터넷은 IPv4(Internetworking Protocol, version 4)를 사용하고 있다. 하지만 데이터 통신은 1970년대에 IPv4가 나온 이래에 발전을 거듭하여 왔다. IPv4는 빠르게 발전하는 인터넷에의 요구를 수용하기 위해 IPv6가 제안되었고 현재 표준이 되었다. IPv6에서는 암호화와 인증옵션들은 패킷의 신뢰성과 무결성을 등을 제공한다. 인터넷에서의 정보보호는 인터넷을 구성하는 여러 계층에서 이루어 질 수 있지만, IPsec에서는 AH(Authentication Header)프로토콜과 IPsec ESP(Encapsulating Security Payload)프로토콜 두 가지의 암호 프로토콜이 사용되지만 AH에서는 HMAC를 이용한 HMAC-MD5나 HMAC-SHA-1 중 하나를 반드시 기본 인증 알고리즘으로 지원하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 MD5를 이용한 HMAC-MD5를 기준으로 설계하였으며, Iterative Architecture과 Full loop unrolling Architecture의 두 가지 구조를 설계하였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2021

This study relates to a production of Quaternary Cement Concrete (QCC) prepared by using Micro Silica (MS), Marble Dust (MD) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA), followed by an investigation towards fresh and hardened properties of blended concrete. A total of 39 mixes were cast by incorporating different percentages of MS (6%, 7% and 8%), MD (5%, 10% and 15%) and RHA (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) as partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement. The workability of fresh concrete was maintained in the range of 100±25 mm by adding 0.7% of Super Plasticizer in the mix. Optimum mechanical strength was observed at combination of 8% MS+5% MD+10% RHA. Marble dust replacement from 10 to 15% and Rice husk ash replacements from 15 to 20% depicted a substantial reduction in compressive strength at all ages. Durability parameter with respect to water absorption at 28 days shows an increasing trend as the percentage of blending increases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1190-1202
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• 2009

A 3D body scan measurement (SM) is used as an alternative to physical measurements (PM) as the information for designing industrial products. This study compared the mean difference (MD) between SM and PM by gender and analyzed the causes of the difference. The data used in this study were the scan measurements and physical measurements of adults aged twenty to seventy years old of the fifth Size Korea survey. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The comparison of MD between men and women for all subjects: The measurement of the significant differences between men and women were height, neck base girth, chest girth, under-bust girth, waist girth, armscye girth, back length, and foot length. The causes of difference are the difference of body shape. 2. The comparison of MD between men and women by BMI groups: Many measurements had significant differences between men and women at normal weight and overweight but underweight. Some measurements had significant differences only at a specific BMI group because the body shape difference between men and women is revealed clearly in the group. The comparison of MD between men and women by age groups: The measurements that show significant difference at more than four age groups were neck girth, chest girth, under-bust girth, waist girth, armscye girth, and foot length. The height and abdomen girth had a significant difference in the age range of 20's and 30's. There were measurements that increase MD with an increase in age; under-bust girth and lateral shoulder length for women and lateral shoulder length for men. This comparison of MD between men and women provide the correct guidelines for the use of SM.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.329-336
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• 2016

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is one of the key components of membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), which plays important role in fuel cell performance together with catalysts. It is widely accepted that water channel morphology inside PEMs as a proton pathway significantly affects the PEM performance. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are a very useful tool to understand molecular and atomic structures of materials, so that many related researches are currently being studied. In this paper, we summarize the current research trend in MD simulations, present which properties can be characterized, and finally introduce the usefulness of MD simulations to the researchers for proton exchange membranes.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2008

Compared to other North African countries, Tunisia has reached a significant level of fish consumption. The only relevant historical dimension of aquaculture in Tunisia are traditional lagoon management (80,000 ha of lagoon and coastal lakes) and culture of shellfish. Semi-intensive and intensive cultures are relatively new concepts in Tunisia and only recently also the public sector is involved. The Tunisian fishing industry has expanded over the last 20 years and annual catches at present are more than four times those registered in mid-fifties. Production of the year 2007 reached 105 thousand tons against 111 thousand tons during the same period of 2006 thus recording a fall of 5%. Unfavorable weather conditions mainly during the last quarter year had the effect to reduce the number of days out at sea. Exports reached 24.3 thousand tons for one value 240.5 MD against respectively 22.2 thousand tons and 234.1 thus recording MD at the end of the past year a rise of 9% in volume and from 3% in value. Commercial value such as shellfish - consequence of one regression of the production - with in parallel raises blue fish exports. The imports were stabilized in volume of 39.1 thousand tons and increased from 6% in value with respectively 67.4 MD in 2007 against 63.7 MD at the end of 2006. The importation in larger quantities of intended fish to the fattening of tuna in floating cages explains partly this rise. Nevertheless, the pay of balance import/export of produced fishing remains positive with a surplus of 173.1 MD against 170.4 MD in 2006.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.423-435
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm the clinical efficacy of Gyeongok-go. Methods: Public/Publisher MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), ScienceON, Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal (KTKP), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for randomized controlled clinical trials administering Gyeongok-go as an intervention, published from inception to December 31, 2021. The risk-of-bias of the included trials was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials version 2. From the experimental and control groups of the selected trials, the mean value (or rate) of each outcome was extracted and statistically compared. Results: Statistically significant mean differences were in VO₂max (MD 6.82), post-exercise heart rate (MD -8.76 at 5 min, -11.58 at 30 min, -14.6 at 60 min), senescence scale (MD -6.52), Th1 cells and Th2 cells in pulmonary tuberculosis (MD 2.79 and -1.64), yin-deficient and qi-deficient score (MD -9.64 and -9.76), and phlegm-dampness score (MD 5.56). Overall risk-of-bias was 20% low risk, 80% some concerns, and 0% high risk. There were no reports of adverse events. Conclusions: Gyeongok-go is likely to have the effect of improving cardiorespiratory endurance, increasing fatigue recovery ability, reducing senescence, and enhancing immune function in tuberculosis patients. Also, it is more suitable for those who are yin-deficient or qi-deficient, and those with phlegm-dampness probably need caution.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 1968

Dividing into six(6) experimental groups; Stock Diet(SD) Group, Rice Diet(RD) Group, Rice Diet supplemented with Barley(RD-BD) Group, Barley Diet(BD) Group, Rice Diet supplemented with Millet(RD-MD) Group, and Millet Diet(MD) Group, biochemical and nutritional effects of rice, barley, and millet on rats are studied. The grains used in this experiment are polished ones and purchased from market. Six(6) weaning male albino rats are housed into the individual cages in each group and fed with each experimental diet and water ad libitum for 21 weeks. The composition of the experimental diets are shown in Table 1. At the end of experiment, the appearences of rats are observed and the bloods are sampled by heart puncture method following ether anesthesia for determinations of serum protein and serum cholesterol. And the livers are sampled immediately right after heart after heart puncture for determinations of liver weight, liver nitrogen, liver fat, and liver glycogen. And also liver tissues are observed histologically. The result of growth experiment is shown in Table 2 and Figure 7. The results of blood analysis are shown in Table 3 and the results of liver analysis are shown in Table 4. And the histological observations of liver tissue are shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. According to the above results, it could be summarized as follows; 1) The normal appearences are observed at SD Group and BD Group. Alopecia is observed at RD, RD-­BD, RD-MD, and MD groups and the wet appearences of hair are observed at RD-MD and MD groups. The color of hair is changed to yellowish white at RD, RD-MD groups. The maximum growth inhibition, is observed at MD group and the growths of RD, RD-BD, BD, and RD-MD groups are significantly lower than that of SD group. The growth of RD group is lower than those of RD-BD and BD groups, though this difference is not significant. 2) At the blood analysis, the highest serum protein content is shown at SD group and the lowest serum protein is observed at MD group. The serum cholesterol contents are not significantly different among the six(6) experimental groups. 3) The highest liver weight is observed at SD group and the lowest weight is shown at MD group. However, oppositely the highest liver weight per 100 grams of body weight at MD group and the lowest liver weight per 100 grams of body weight at SD group are observed as shown in Table 6. 4) The differences of liver nitrogen contents of RD, RB-BD, BD, RD-MD, and MD Groups are not significant except SD group showing the highest content. 5) The significant highest content of liver fat is observed at RD group and the lowest content of liver fat is shown at SD group. And no significant differences in contents of liver glycogen are observed among the six(6) experimental groups. 6) No significant abnormal histological changes of liver tissue are observed at SD, RD-BD, and BD groups. However, the fat metamorphosis at peripheral zone of liver tissue is observed at RD Group and the some histological abnormal changes are observed at RD-MD and MD groups. According to the above summaries, the followings might be estimated and recommended; 1) The BD group shows histological normality of liver tissue, improvement of liver fat and liver nitrogen, normality of appearence, and better growth compared with RD Group. This could be indicated that barley is nutritionally and biochemically better than rice as the feeding diet on rat. And it might be considered that there might be the species speciality for nutritionary evaluation of food. 2) Recently, Marshall indicated that the high consumption of carbohydrate causes fatty liver and Kondo reported that the higher consumption of rice causes the more heart disease and the shorter life span. Considering these reports, the higher consumption of rice as a main dish in our country should be considered as an important national nutritional problem. And this might be improved by supplementing with barley or other grains to rice.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.891-897
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• 2017

Apple (Malus domestica) is a climacteric fruit because of its high respiration and ethylene production. Ethylene affects the fruit by decreasing its quality and storability. Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1 genes are involved in ethylene biosynthesis in apple; the Md-ACS1-2 and Md-ACO1-1 alleles are associated with low ethylene production. We conducted an analysis to study Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1, and to examine ethylene production and softening rate of fruit at room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$) storage in 'Fuji (FJ)', 'Golden Supreme (GS)', and 5 cultivars of Korean apples ('RubyS (RS)', 'Hongro (HR)', 'Arisoo (AS)', 'Summer King (SK)', 'Greenball (GB)'). The result showed that an increase in the number of the alleles (ACS1-2, ACO1-1) decreased the ethylene production and softening rate. The presence of ACS1-1/1, ACO1-1/2 was confirmed in GS and the highest ethylene production and softening rate was observed. Ethylene production and softening rate of SK and GB expressing ACS1-1/2, ACO1-1/2 were higher than that of HR and AS, expressing ACS1-2/2, ACO1-1/2, but lower than GS. FJ with ACS1-2/2, ACO1-1/1 showed the lowest ethylene production and softening rate among all cultivars except RS. The Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1 DNA markers could potentially be used to estimate storability and applied in marker assisted selection the improve the efficiency of apple breeding.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.380-385
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• 1996

Ovomucoid third domain is a serine proteinase inhibitor protein which consists of 56 amino acid residues. A fifty picosecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out for ovomucoid third domain protein with 5 $\AA$ layer of water molecules. A comparison of main chain atoms in the MD averaged structure with the crystal structure showed that most of the backbone structures are maintained during the simulation. Investigation of the intramolecular hydrogen bondings indicated that most of the interactions between main chain atoms were conserved, whereas those between side chains were reorganized for the period of the simulation. Especially, the side chain interactions around the scissile bond of reactive site P1 (Met18) were found to be more extensive for the MD structures. During the simulation, hydrogen bonds were maintained between the side chains of Glu19 and Arg21 as well as those of Thr17 and Glu19. Extensive side chain interactions observed in the MD structures may shed light on the question of why protein proteinase inhibitors are strong inhibitors for proteinases rather than good substrates.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2004

Radiation hardening is a multiscale phenomenon involving various processes over a wide range of time and length. We present a multiscale model for estimating the amount of radiation hardening in pressure vessel steel in the environment of a light water reactor. The model comprises two main parts: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and a point defect cluster (PDC) model. The MD simulation was used to investigate the primary damage caused by displacement cascades. The PDC model mathematically formulates interactions between point defects and their clusters, which explains the evolution of microstructures. We then used a dislocation barrier model to calculate the hardening due to the PDCs. The key input for this multiscale model is a neutron spectrum at the inner surface of reactor pressure vessel steel of the Younggwang Nuclear Power Plant No.5. A combined calculation from the MD simulation and the PDC model provides a convenient tool for estimating the amount of radiation hardening.