• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2015

This paper reports the fabrication of various micro-lensed single-mode optical fibers through the use of an enhanced peak power $CO_2$ laser beam. The end faces of the optical fibers are exposed to the $CO_2$ laser beam to form convex, concave, and conical shape optical fiber tips. Peak power of the $CO_2$ laser beam was varied from 0.8 W to 1.5 W depending on the shape of the optical fiber tip. We also discover the dependence of the angle of the optical fiber tip on the rotation angle and the number of $CO_2$ laser irradiations. The angle shows an increasing trend with both these parameters. We achieve a wide range of lenticular fibers with end face angle varying from $4.47^{\circ}$ to $8.13^{\circ}$. Furthermore, we investigate the emission pattern of light from the developed micro-lensed fibers. The proposed $CO_2$ laser based optical fiber reshaping technique shows great consistency, and thus is suitable for commercial applications.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.505-516
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• 2000

Cellular Neural Networks(CNN) is a nonlinear information-processing system that has a locally connected characteristic and is widely used in the real-time high speed image processing. In this paper, a practical system approach of time-multiplexing CNN implementations suitable for processing large and complex images using small CNN arrays is presented and $6\times6$ CNN hardware is designed for the processing of a large image. While previous implementations are mostly suitable for black and white applications because of the thresholded outputs, our approach is especially suitable for applications in gray image processing due to the analog nature of the state node. CNN chip is designed using a 0.65${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ 2P2M(double poly, double metal) N-Well CMOS process technology. It contains about 15,400 devices on an area of about $1.85\times1.75$ md. The designed $6\times6$ CNN is tested for the edge detection of a large image input and it's performance is verified.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.1734-1741
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• 2007

In this paper, the Hybrid SC/MRC-2/4 method in which bit synchronization and phase synchronization were not required was applied to the orthogonal MC DS-CDMA system in which each normalized subcarrier interval and processing gain had the same value, respectively, and the direct sequence spread code of each subcarrier was orthogonal. In the broadband wireless system in which multi-carrier transmission was used, a Doppler frequency shift occurred, which was caused by the difference between the highest subcarrier frequency md the lowest subcarrier frequency. In order to complement phase error caused by the shift, the orthogonal MC DS-CDMA system was analyzed so that the receiving signal could be perfectly synchronized by adjusting the PLL gain suitable for the entire system. As a result of simulations, as the PLL gain was increased, the change in the intervals was close to the case of perfect synchronization however, it became less when the PLL gain reached more than a certain value. Therefore, by selecting a proper PLL gain suitable for the system the orthogonal MC DS-CDMA can be designed in which the Hybrid SC/MRC method is applied.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.1658-1664
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• 2007

The popularity of OFDM systems is being increased because of high speed data transmission capability md the spectral efficiency characteristics. However, since OFDM systems are very sensitive to the Doppler spread, The interference among subcarriers and the total system noise can be increased seriously due to the degree of Doppler effects which can cause the orthogonality problems. Therefore, these Doppler effects were analyzed using the Doppler spectrum models by varying its parameters. Especially in this paper, The degree of system performance degradation was investigated for the OFDM systems applying the relatively simple transmit and receiver diversity. The degree of the system performance degradation depends on the specific diversity structures of transceiver systems. Here, the performances of OFDM systems with two antennas transceiver diversity were analyzed and compared with that of systems with only transmission diversity and without diversity as the Doppler characteristics varied.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2019

Domestic apparel products labeled as 'Made in Korea' in the Chinese market are recognized as a high quality products due to the influence of the Korean Wave (Intergen Consulting Group, 2007). This study analyzes the patterns and order arrangement types of a fashion brand company commissioned to produce apparel in Seoul, Korea in order to rebuild a network of small sewing factories scattered in Korea, reorganize operations, and to find the possibility of regenerating the Korean sewing industry by establishing contact points with domestic sewing factories. We surveyed 100 apparel brand companies in Seoul listed in the 2014/2015 Korea Fashion Brand Annual (Apparel News, 2014) and conducted a questionnaire survey on the company's general management status, type of fabric materials dealt with, and major contact points and methods of production handling. The frequency analysis indicated that the main production material with cloth type was woven fabric with ladies' clothes. The Planning MD team has the highest rate of ordering production with delivery method to the production factory after purchasing fabric and trims. Most respondents answered that they would select a production factory based on recommendations from acquaintances. This was due to a lack of no objective indicator provided by the sewing factory at present and the absence of objectively proceeded communication with brand companies. In this study, we analyze various conditions and measurements for production arrangements from a fashion brand company to revitalize sewing factories in Korea.

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.497-504
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• 2021

EGR1 (early growth response 1) is dysregulated in many cancers and exhibits both tumor suppressor and promoter activities, making it an appealing target for cancer therapy. Here, we used a systematic multi-omics analysis to review the expression of EGR1 and its role in regulating clinical outcomes in breast cancer (BC). EGR1 expression, its promoter methylation, and protein expression pattern were assessed using various publicly available tools. COSMIC-based somatic mutations and cBioPortal-based copy number alterations were analyzed, and the prognostic roles of EGR1 in BC were determined using Prognoscan and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. We also used bc-GenEx-Miner to investigate the EGR1 co-expression profile. EGR1 was more often downregulated in BC tissues than in normal breast tissue, and its knockdown was positively correlated with poor survival. Low EGR1 expression levels were also associated with increased risk of ER+, PR+, and HER2- BCs. High positive correlations were observed among EGR1, DUSP1, FOS, FOSB, CYR61, and JUN mRNA expression in BC tissue. This systematic review suggested that EGR1 expression may serve as a prognostic marker for BC patients and that clinicopathological parameters influence its prognostic utility. In addition to EGR1, DUSP1, FOS, FOSB, CYR61, and JUN can jointly be considered prognostic indicators for BC.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2021

The Korean girl group "Kara" has suffered the trilemma of its de facto failure to debut, the crisis of team breakup, and the CEO crisis of the agency. But the group has made an outstanding achievement in the history of Korean pop music after overcoming all odds. Their success strategy has never been disclosed by insiders involved in Kara's total music projects. This study has been carried out in the analysis of the strategy to provide academic implications and to honor the contribution of the late CEO Ho-yeon Lee and Kara's key member Ha-ra Gu. Therefore, between Nov. and Dec. 2020, we conducted in-depth interviews with managers, composers, stylists and Ha-ra Gu(Only in 2019, before her death) who took part in the project. The research model is set up by combining Porter's Competitive Advantage Strategy and the music value chain model into categories of "Product Innovation Differentiation (PD)" (producing, album production, performance activities) and "Marketing Differentiation (MD)" (market targeting, image specialization, promotion and communication). The analysis showed that the PD focused on complete rediscovered harmonization and revalued members' personality and sincerity with peppy songs and dainty dances as well as emission of "bright energy" which caused healing effects instead of mimicking other star singers recklessly. In terms of MD, they selected Japan's 10-20s as their main market, increasing intimacy with fans and media with the image of cute+pretty+classy+sexy. The result suggests that Poter's differentiation can function as a meaningful strategy frame in the fostering, hit, and revival of idol groups. In addition, it reaffirmed that spontaneous and passionate activities of early-stage or celebrity fan may serve as a valid catalyst for realizing differentiation, as Kara's caller of Japanese actor Gekidan Hitori caused a strong "priming effect" that drove Kara's unexpected wonderful success in Japan.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.85-108
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to investigate the trend of the attitude and the behavior about consumer's internet premium advertisement and its application and the factors which influence on the attitude and the behavior about consumer's premium advertisement and its application; the demographic variables, internet communication-environment variables and variables in relation to consumer's premium advertisement application. For these purpose, the data collected two way: internet survey and questionnaire survey. The data used in this study included people who have looked an internet Premium Advertisement more than once during internet use. Major findings were as following: (1) The attitude of internet premium advertisement and its application could be described as the mean 34.16 md 24.61 separately(3.11 and 2.73 point on 5.00 points scale). The behavior of application about internet premium advertisement was measured as a behavior of application whether or not; application 18.7% and unapplication 81.3%. (2) The attitude of application about internet premium advertisement was significantly different according to age, joining frequency on internet, past experience of winning a premium, purchasing information search, interesting connection on the internet, the risk about the money loss and negative evaluation of other persons, the economical values of premiums, winning possibility, and preferable premiums. The behavior of application about internet premium advertisement, the behavior of application whether or not was significantly different according to sex, age, school career, a circuit speed, a period of using, joining frequency and a using place, past experience of winning a premium, purchasing information search, interesting connection on the internet, the risk about the negative evaluation of other persons, the economical values of premiums, winning possibility, and preferable premiums. (3) When looking at the influence of variables about the attitude of application about internet premium advertisement, the most influence variables was the past experience of winning a premium, and next was winning possibility, sex, the interest about the premiums which made the consumer want to apply, the economical values of premiums, the purpose of purchase information search and the using time. The explanation of those variables were 22.6%. As the result of the Logistic analysis, it was found that the frequency of the internet connection, the past experience of winning premiums, the risk about the outflow of credit information, interesting premiums, and premium advertisement were the most important variables to affect the possibility of the behavior of application about internet premium advertisement critically.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.149-156
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• 2016

In this experiment, we proposed and implemented a disease forecasting system using a received signal strength indication ZigBee-based wireless network with a 3-axis acceleration sensor to detect illness at an early stage by monitoring movement of experimentally infected weaned piglets. Twenty seven piglets were divided into control, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) infection, and Escherichia coli (EC) infection group, and their movements were monitored for five days using wireless sensor nodes on their backs. Data generated showed the 3-axis movement of piglets (X-axis: left and right direction, Y-axis: anteroposterior direction, and Z-axis: up and down direction) at five different time periods. Piglets in both infected groups had lower weight gain and feed intake, as well as higher feed conversion ratios than the control group (p<0.05). Infection with SE and EC resulted in reduced body temperature of the piglets at day 2, 4, and 5 (p<0.05). The early morning X-axis movement did not differ between groups; however, the Y-axis movement was higher in the EC group (day 1 and 2), and the Z-axis movement was higher in the EC (day 1) and SE group (day 4) during different experimental periods (p<0.05). The morning X and Y-axis movement did not differ between treatment groups. However, the Z-axis movement was higher in both infected groups at day 1 and lower at day 4 compared to the control (p<0.05). The midday X-axis movement was significantly lower in both infected groups (day 4 and 5) compared to the control (p<0.05), whereas the Y-axis movement did not differ. The Z-axis movement was highest in the SE group at day 1 and 2 and lower at day 4 and 5 (p<0.05). Evening X-axis movement was highest in the control group throughout the experimental period. During day 1 and 2, the Z-axis movement was higher in both of the infected groups; whereas it was lower in the SE group during day 3 and 4 (p<0.05). During day 1 and 2, the night X-axis movement was lower and the Z-axis movement was higher in the infected piglets (p<0.05). Overall, the movement of infected piglets was altered, and the acceleration sensor could be successfully employed for monitoring pig activity.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.203-218
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to see what the essential characteristics are in teaching probability and statistics among various mathematical fields. we also tried to connect the study of probability and statistics education with what is needed for a science be synthetic to have its own identity as a unique research field. Since we searched for the future direction of the pedagogic study in the probability and statistics we first selected papers on probability and statistics published in (Series A), the Journal of Korea Society of Mathematical Education, and establish the following research questions. What kinds of characteristics can be found when papers on probability and statistics published in (Series A) are classified into low categories; contents of probability and statistics education, research method of the mathematics education, methods of teaming and teaching, and finally measurements and evaluation\ulcorner We classified papers into two kinds. One is related to the educational contents, consisting of the methods of learning and teaching, and of the measurement and evaluation. The other is reined to the methods of research, which is not a part of the educational curriculum but is essential for establishing the identity of mathematics education. According to the periods, papers on the curricular contents in 1960s were influenced by the New Mathematics, and papers on the curricular contents in 1980s were influenced by 'back to basic'. In 1990s, papers on methods of learning and teaching, and measurement md evaluation were increasing in number. Besides, (series A) from the Journal of Korea Society of Mathematical Education covers contents, methods of Loaming and teaching, and measurement and evaluation. And when I examined the papers on the contents of textbook of a junior high school related to the probability and statistics education and on methods of learning and teaching, 1 found that those papers occupy 1.84% in . When it comes to the methods of loaming and teaching, most of studies in (series A) are about application of concrete implement like experiment and practical application of computer programs, Through this study, I found that over-all and more active researches on probability and statistics are required and that the studies about methods of loaming and teaching must be made in diverse directions. It is needed that how students recognize probability and statistics, connection, communication and representation in probability and statistics context, too. (series A) does not have papers on methods of study. Mathematics pedagogy is a mixture of various studies - mathematical psychology, mathematical philosophy, the history of mathematics and Mathematics. So If there doesn't exist a proper method of study adequate in the situation for the mathematics education the issue of mathematics pedagogy might be taken its own place by that of other studies'. We must search for the unique method of study fur mathematics education so that mathematics pedagogy has its own identity as a study. The study concerning this aspect is needed.