• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2004

본 연구는 마케팅믹스변수와 시장점유율간의 관계를 파악하는 시장점유율모형 중 논리적 타당성으로 주목을 받고 있는 MCI (Multiplicative Competitive Interaction) 모형의 특성과 적용방법을 실증적 자료를 이용해 설명하려는 데 목적이 있다. MCI 모형은 유인력모형의 한 형태이며, Nakanishi and Cooper(1982)에 의해 비선형모형을 선형모형으로 전환시켜 모수를 추정할 수 있는 방안이 제시되면서 활용가능성이 높아졌다. 본 연구에서는 MCI 모형의 적용과정을 국내 소비재산업의 마케팅담당자가 입수가능한 다양한 원천의 마케팅자료를 종합적으로 이용하여 제시하였다. 이 과정에서 선형화된 MCI 모형의 모수 추정에 있어 Equity 추정방식을 적용하여 독립변수로 활용된 마케팅믹스 변수들간 다중공선성 문제의 해결방안도 제시하였다. 국내 껌시장에 대해 적용된 분석결과, 시장점유율 증대에 영향을 미치는 마케팅믹스변수들을 찾아낼 수 있었으며, 마케팅담당자들에게 유용한 시사점을 제시해줄 수 있었다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2019

노인성 치매의 전 임상단계인 경도인지장애(MCI)를 조기 진단하고, 조기 개입한다면, 치매의 발병률을 줄일 수 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 지역사회 노인의 MCI 예측 모형을 개발하고 노년기 인지장애의 예방을 위한 기초자료를 제공하였다. 연구대상은 2012년 Korean Longitudinal Survey of Aging(KLoSA)에 참여한 65세 이상 지역사회 노인 3,240명(남성 1,502명, 여성 1,738명)이다. 결과변수는 MCI유병으로 정의하였고, 설명변수는 성, 연령, 혼인상태, 교육수준, 소득수준, 흡연, 음주, 주1회 이상의 정기적인 운동, 월평균 사회활동 참여시간, 주관적 건강, 고혈압, 당뇨병을 포함하였다. 예측모형의 개발은 Restricted Boltzmann Machine(RBM) 인공신경망을 이용하였다. RMB 인공신경망을 이용하여 우리나라 지역사회 노인의 MCI 예측 모형을 구축한 결과, 유의미한 요인은 연령, 성별, 최종학력, 주관적 건강, 혼인상태, 소득수준, 흡연, 규칙적 운동이었다. 이 결과를 기초로 MCI 고위험군의 특성을 고려한 맞춤형 치매 예방 프로그램의 개발이 요구된다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the concept of Mother-Child Interaction (MCI) as well as its theoretical model and measurement methods. Methods: A review of related theories and research was done to identify the concept and present status of MCI measuring techniques. Results: The concept of MCI contains the two aspect of attachment and child rearing. MCI is unique in that it includes a dyadic process. The concept of MCI was developed based on attachment theory, Barnard's theory, and the goodness of fit model, MCI involves sensitivity, responsiveness, reciprocity, contingency, mutual satisfaction, and child developmental stimulation including positive and negative affection. Most instruments involved observation, especially in structured situations, and most were developed for mother-infant interaction. Conclusion: MCI is a reciprocal, goal-oriented partnership process and is an ongoing process during childhood. Instruments for measuring MCI for preschoolers as well as appropriate self-reporting instruments need to be developed for wide use in practice and in research.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare sociodemographic characteristics of a normal cognitive group and mild cognitive impairment group, and establish prediction models of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis research using data from "the 4th Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing" of the Korea Employment Information Service. A total of 6,405 individuals, including 1,329 individuals with MCI and 5,076 individuals with normal cognitive abilities, were part of the study. Based on the panel survey items, the research used 28 variables. The methods of analysis included a χ²-test, logistic regression analysis, decision tree analysis, predicted error rate, and an ROC curve calculated using SPSS 23.0 and SAS 13.2. Results: In the MCI group, the mean age was 71.4 and 65.8% of the participants was women. There were statistically significant differences in gender, age, and education in both groups. Predictors of MCI determined by using a logistic regression analysis were gender, age, education, instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), perceived health status, participation group, cultural activities, and life satisfaction. Decision tree analysis of predictors of MCI identified education, age, life satisfaction, and IADL as predictors. Conclusion: The accuracy of logistic regression model for MCI is slightly higher than that of decision tree model. The implementation of the prediction model for MCI established in this study may be utilized to identify middle-aged and elderly people with risks of MCI. Therefore, this study may contribute to the prevention and reduction of dementia.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2020

이 연구는 첫째, 경도인지장애(MCI)가 언어 기억 및 시공간 기억 등 특정 기억의 저하와 관련이 있는지를 파악하고, 둘째, 정상 노인으로부터 MCI를 감별하는 데 예측력이 우수한 지표를 탐색하였다. 표준화 된 기억검사를 수행한 189명(정상 노인 103 명, MCI 86 명)을 분석하였다. 언어 기억은 Seoul Verbal Learning Test를 이용하였고. 시공간 기억은 Rey Complex Figure Test를 이용해서 측정하였다. 다항 로지스틱 회귀모형을 이용하여 기억 검사의 예측력을 분석한 결과, 언어 기억과 시공간 기억은 정상 노인으로부터 MCI를 감별하는 데 예측 성능이 유의미하였다. 반면, 각 기억 검사의 수행결과를 포함하여 모든 혼란변수를 보정했을 때, 언어 기억의 즉시 회상만 정상 노인으로부터 MCI를 감별하는 데 예측력이 유의미하였으며, 시공간 기억의 즉시 회상은 예측력이 유의미하지 않았다. 이 결과는 MCI를 선별할 때 언어 기억과 시공간 기억의 지연 회상, 언어 기억의 즉시 회상이 MCI의 기억능력을 감별할 수 있는 최상의 조합임을 시사한다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2010

Objectives : The potential association between choline acetyltransferase(CHAT) polymorphism and the risk of mild cognitive impairment(MCI) has not been investigated in Korea. We examined the main effect of CHAT polymorphism and its interaction with apolipoprotein E(APOE) polymorphism in the development of MCI in elderly Korean sample. Methods : We analyzed CHAT 2384G > A polymorphism and APOE polymorphism among 149 MCI subjects with MCI and 298 normal controls. We tested the association between MCI and CHAT A allele status using a logistic regression model. In addition, we employed generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction(GMDR) to investigate the interaction between CHAT and APOE with regard to the risk of MCI. Results : The CHAT A allele was associated with AD risk(OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.02-2.48, p = 0.042). No significant gene-gene interaction between CHAT and APOE was found in GMDR method(testing balanced accuracy = 0.540, p = 0.055). Conclusion : The CHAT A allele was associated with MCI risk in the Korean elderly. Its interaction with the APOE ${\varepsilon}4$ allele was not significant with regard to the development of MCI.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2022

Objective: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition in which cognitive and executive functions are reduced, and older adults with MCI are ten times more likely to develop dementia than healthy older adults. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through aerobic exercise is associated with increased cognitive and executive functions. in this review, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of aerobic exercise on BDNF in individuals with mild cognitive impairment are summarized and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to suggest the necessity of aerobic exercise. Design: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: RCTs were searched for changes in BDNF through aerobic exercise using four international databases. Quality assessment and quantitative analysis were performed using RevMan 5.4. Quantitative analysis was quantified with a standardized mean difference (SMD) and presented as a random effect model. Results: Three RCTs evaluated BDNF in 123 patients with MCI. There was a significant improvement in the experimental group that performed aerobic exercise compared to the control group. The results analyzed using the random effects model were SMD = 0.48. Conclusions: In this review, we reported the effects and mechanisms of aerobic exercise in individuals with MCI. As a result of synthesizing RCTs that performed aerobic exercise, a significant increase in BDNF was confirmed.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.667-675
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• 2021

The treatments for symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are being provided and for the early diagnosis several researches are undergoing. In this regard, by using T1-weighted images several classification techniques had been proposed to distinguish among AD, MCI, and Healthy Control (HC) patients. In this paper, we also used some traditional Machine Learning (ML) approaches in order to diagnose the AD. This paper consists of an improvised feature selection method which is used to reduce the model complexity which accounted an issue while utilizing the ML approaches. In our presented work, combination of subcortical and cortical features of 308 subjects of ADNI dataset has been used to diagnose AD using structural magnetic resonance (sMRI) images. Three classification experiments were performed: binary classification. i.e., AD vs eMCI, AD vs lMCI, and AD vs HC. Proposed Feature Selection method consist of a combination of Principal Component Analysis and Recursive Feature Elimination method that has been used to reduce the dimension size and selection of best features simultaneously. Experiment on the dataset demonstrated that SVM is best suited for the AD vs lMCI, AD vs HC, and AD vs eMCI classification with the accuracy of 95.83%, 97.83%, and 97.87% respectively.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.673-684
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although adherence to a higher diet quality may help prevent cognitive decline in older adults, literature for this in a Korean population is limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the association between diet quality indices and the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Korean older adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 806 community-dwelling people aged 60 yrs and over in Korea. Diet quality was assessed via the revised Recommended Food Score (RFS) and alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMDS). Cognitive function was measured using a Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC). Associations between diet quality indices and MMSE-KC score were assessed with a general linear model after adjusting for covariates. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between diet quality indices and the risk of MCI. RESULTS: The prevalence of MCI was 35.3%. There were no significant trends between MMSE-KC scores and RFS and aMDS after adjusting for age, gender, education, exercise, living status, social activity, and alcohol drinking. Among total subjects, RFS was inversely associated with the risk of MCI after adjusting for covariates (Q5 vs. Q1; odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.83). Among total subjects and men, aMDS was inversely related to the risk of MCI after adjusting for covariates (Q5 vs. Q1; OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.89 for total subjects; Q5 vs. Q1; OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.15-0.83 for men). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that high diet quality evaluated by RFS and aMDS is inversely associated with the risk of MCI. Thus, high quality diet may reduce or retard cognitive decline in the old population. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the causal relationship between diet quality and the risk of MCI in the elderly.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1967

The authors considered the effects of trim in the small coastal passenger boat upon resistance in this paper. Any change of trim no matter how small, necessarily produces some effect upon resistance. The relations between the resistance coefficients and trim were investigated through the towing test of the Model $MCI-P_1-65$, Korean Standardized Ship, GT 70 tons passenger boat in the gravitational tank. The Lines of the Model are given in Fig. 1. Principal dimensions and other characteristics vary with the trim in general. Those values varied with the trim for $MCI-P_1-65$ are tabulated in table 1. The resistance was measured at five conditions such as even keel, 0.0273L, (original designed trim) 0.0473L, 0.0663L, 0.0873L trim by the stern, fixing the displacement corresponding to the designed load water line. Model was made of wood in length of 3.5 feet coated with varnish, and without appendages. As the artificial turbulent stimulator, the sand strip method was used. The results of model towing tests, correcting to water temperature of $70^{\circ}F$, were expanded to full scale using the Schoenherr's friction formula and surface roughness allowance coefficient of 0.0004. The authors point out, the following results. 1) Optimum trim which gives the minimum resistance exists for every speed at constant displacement and each comes to the same value. For $MCI-P_1-65$ optimum trim is 0.0673L trim by the stern(Fig.4-The cross curves of the resistancecoefficients). 2) At constant displacement, when LCB(longitudinal position of center of buoyancy) varies with the trim, there exists optimum value of LCB which gives minimum resistance for every speed and each comes to the same value. For $MCI-P_1-65$ optimum position of LCB is 8%L aft from midship section (Fig.6).