• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2004

In order to understand the mechanism of the regulation of drug metabolizing enzyme gene expression, we have studied the induction of CYP1A1 and GSTα, μ, π enzymes in Japanese monkey and rhesus monkey after the treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) and di-n- butyl phthalate (DBP) and bisphenol A (BPA). The levels of mRNA were measured_by RT-PCR in brain, intestine and liver. In the case of adult monkey, treatment with 3MC induced CYP1A1 mRNA in brain by 2-fold. The treatment with DBP induced CYP1A1 mRNA. Effects of 3MC and DBP on GST mRNA expression was not clear. But GSTμ was slightly inhibited by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. GSTα was not induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP in brain. GSTπ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP in brain. In the case of fetus monkey, the basal levels of fetus CYP1A1 mRNA and GSTs mRNA were relatively low compared to adult monkey. As the age of monkey increased, the basal levels of CYP1A1 mRNA were also increased. 3MC induced the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA in liver, whereas it didn't significantly induce CYP1A1 mRNA in brain. The levels of GSTμ and GSTα were not changed by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. GSTπ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제37권10호
• /
• pp.1278-1286
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 MC와 저분자량 유화제 Tween 20 간의 경쟁 흡착 현상이 MC 유화액(1 wt% MC, 10 wt% n-tetradecane, 20 mM bis-tris, pH 7)의 안정도(크리밍 안정도 및 orthokinetic stability) 특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 크리밍 특성 변화는 시료 유화액의 크리밍 프로화일 및 지방구 평균 이동 속도($V_m$) 등을 비교하였고, orthokinetic stability는 전단시간(shear time)에 대한 지방구 크기 변화를 측정하여 평가하였다. 지방 함량을 달리하여(1$\sim$30wt%) 제조한 Tween 20 무첨가 MC 유화액의 경우 지방구 평균 이동 속도($V_m$)로 표현된 크리밍 안정도는 유화액 중 지방구 크기에 의존하는 경향을 보였다. 즉 지방구 크기가 클수록 안정도는 낮은 것으로 나타났다[$V_m$: 0.326 $\mu$m $min^{-1}$ ($d_{32}$: 0.32 $\mu$m)${\rightarrow}V_m$: 0.551 $\mu$m $min^{-1}$ ($d_{32}$: 0.53 $\mu$m)]. Tween 20을 첨가할 경우 MC 유화액의 크리밍 안정도는 Tween 20을 첨가하지 않은 경우보다 낮았고(0.2 wt% Tween 20 첨가 제외), 낮은 첨가 농도에서 가장 낮은 안정도를 보였으며, 농도가 증가할수록 안정도는 회복되는 것으로 관찰되었다[$V_m$: 0.598 $\mu$m $min^{-1}$(0.01 wt%)${\rightarrow}V_m$: 0.389 $\mu$m $min^{-1}$(0.2wt%)]. MC 유화액 연속상의 점도를 측정한 결과 이러한 크리밍 안정도 변화는 연속상의 점도 변화 경향과 잘 일치하고 있었다(Stokes 법칙에 잘 따름). 따라서 Tween 20을 함유하는 유화액의 크리밍에 대한 안정도는 물/기름 계면에서 일어나는 MC/Tween 20 간 경쟁흡착에 의하여 수용액 상으로 이탈된 MC 농도에 의존되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 유화 불안정화 시간($t_d$)으로 평가한 orthokinetic stability의 경우 Tween 20 첨가에 의하여 MC 유화액의 유화 안정도는 낮아 졌으며, 유화제 첨가 농도의 증가와 더불어 더욱 낮아지는 경향을 보였다[$t_d$: 160 min(0.03 wt%)${\rightarrow}t_d$: 100 min(0.2wt%)]. Tween 20은 계면 흡착 MC를 수용액 상으로 이탈시키므로 Tween 20을 함유한 MC 유화액의 orthokinetic stability 특성은 MC load에 지수 함수적으로 의존됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 MC 유화액에 Tween 20을 첨가할 경우 유화안정도에 영향을 미칠 수 있으며 그 정도는 첨가한 Tween 20의 농도에 의존되는 특성을 보였다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2004

In order to understand the mechanism of the regulation of drug metabolizing enzyme gene expression, we have studied the induction of CYP1A1 and GST$\alpha$, $\mu$, $\pi$ enzymes in Japanese monkey and rhesus monkey after the treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) and di-n- butyl phthalate (DBP) and bisphenol A (BPA). The levels of mRNA were measured by RT-PCR in brain, intestine and liver. In the case of adult monkey, treatment with 3MC induced CYP1A1 mRNA in liver by 10-fold. The treatment with DBP induced CYP1A1 mRNA. Effects of 3MC and DBP on GST mRNA expression was not clear. But GST$\mu$ was slightly inhibited by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. GST$\pi$ was not induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP in liver. GST$\alpha$ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP in liver. In the case of fetus monkey, the basal levels of fetus CYP1A1 mRNA and GSTs mRNA were relatively low compared to adult monkey. As the age of monkey increased, the basal levels of CYP1A1 mRNA were also increased. 3MC induced the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA in liver. The levels of GST$\mu$ and GST$\alpha$ were not changed by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. GST$\pi$ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.297-303
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the breed differences in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of MC1R mRNA, which may be used to distinguish Korean brindle cattle (Chikso) from other breeds. We investigated the relationship between the variation of 3'-UTR of the MC1R mRNA and coat color among different breeds and the Korean brindle cattle with different coat colors. MC1R mRNA expression levels were determined in accordance with the coat color and hair colors of the tail. Total cellular RNA was extracted from the hair follicles of the tails in Hanwoo, Korean brindle cattle, Holstein and $Hanwoo{\times}Holstein$ crossbred cattle. After cDNA synthesis, PCR was performed. Sequences of the 3'-UTR of MC1R mRNA were analyzed. The 3'-UTR of the MC1R mRNA from different breeds of cattle did not show any variations. There were no variations in the 3'-UTR of the MC1R mRNA in Korean brindle cattle with different coat colors. The levels of MC1R mRNA expression in hair follicles of the tail varied substantially among the Korean brindle cattle with different coat colors, except yellow coat color. Correlation between the MC1R mRNA expression in the hair follicles of the tail and coat color may be present in the Korean brindle cattle, but not between the variations of 3'-UTR of MC1R mRNA and coat color. Further studies to determine the regulation of MC1R mRNA expression from the hair follicles of different coat colors will be beneficial in clarifying the role of MC1R in the coat colors of the Korean brindle cattle.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.53-67
• /
• 1991

흰쥐 적출 부신에서 DMPP와 McN-A-343의 카테콜아민(CA) 분비작용의 차이와 특성에 대해서 연구한 결과 다음과 같다. DMPP(100 uM)와 McN-A-343(100 uM)은 부신정맥내로 투여시 유의한 카테콜아민 분비작용을 나타내었다. Mol농도로 비교시 McN-A-343의 CA분비작용은 DMPP의 약 1/5정도였다. DMPP나 McN-A-343의 반복투여시 반응 급강현상은 관찰할 수 없었다. DMPP의 CA분비작용은 chlorisondamine이나 desipramine또는 $Ca^{2+}-free$ Krebs + EGTA 관류등의 전처치로 의의있게 억제되었으나, pirenzepine, ouabain 및 physostigmine등 전처치에 의해서는 영향을 받지 않았다. 그러나 atropine 전처치시 DMPP의 분비작용은 오히려 증강되었다. McN-A-343의 CA분비작용은 atropine, pirenzepine, chloriondamine, physostigmine 및 $Ca^{2+}-free$ medium plus EGTA 관류등의 전처치에 의해서현처히 차단되었으나 desipramine등에 의해서는 영향을 받지 않았다. 그러나 ouabain의 전치치시 McN-A-343의 분비효과는 크게 증강되었다. 이상의 실험결과로 보아 DMPP와 McN-A-343은 횐쥐 적출관류 부신에서 현저한 CA분비작용을 일으키며, 이는 $Ca^{2+}$ 의존성 임을 보였으며, DMPP의 분비작용은 부신의 nicotine 수용체의 흥분을 통해서 나타내며, 또한 McN-A-343의 분비작용은 $M_{1}-muscarine$ 수용체의 흥분에 의하여 유발되는 것을 생각된다. DMPP의 분비활성이 McN-A-343보다 훨씬 강력한 것으로 사료된다.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.294-302
• /
• 2007

잡식성 및 플랑크톤 섭식 어류(Carassius gibelio langsdorfi, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)의 간접노출(CCMF, HCMF) 농도차(0, 10, 50%)에 따른, 남조 Microcystis aeruginosa의 생체량과 세포내부와 외부의 마이크로시스틴(microcystin, MC) 함량을 1일 간격으로 관찰하였다. 실험기간동안 M. aeruginosa균주의 세포내에 함유된 MC의 양은 대조군 보다 모든 처리군에서 증가한 것으로 나타났다(CCMF1, P=0.015; CCMF2, P<0.001; HCMF1, P< 0.001; HCMF2, P<0.001). 처리군간의 비교에서는 CCMF1의 세포내 MC함량 보다 CCMF2의 세포내 MC 함량이 통계적으로 유의한 수준으로 증가하였다(P=0.023). 또한 HCMF2의 세포내 MC함량이 HCMF1의 MC함유량보다 증가한 것으로 나타났다(P<0.001). M. aeruginosa균주의 세포외 MC함량은 대조군과 CCMF1과 CCMF2에서 차이를 보이지 않았고, HCMF1과 HCMF2의 세포외 MC함량이 대조군보다 높은 것으로 나타났다(HCMF1, P=0.003; HCMF2, P<0.001). 본 연구결과, 독성 Microcystis의 경우 어류의 분비화학물질(kairomone) 농도에 따라 세포 내, 외부의 독성이 증가될 가능성이 있으며, 부영양호에서 생물적 조절을 통한 조류저감을 실시할 경우 Microcystis의 독소 변화를 고려해야 할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제53권2호
• /
• pp.107-111
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 제주마의 기본모색 분류체계와 유전 변이간의 관계를 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. pyrosequencing 방법을 이용하여 melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R)과 agouti signaling protein (ASIP) 유전자의 변이를 분석하였다. MC1R은 g.901C>T 염기치환을 분석하였고, ASIP는 11-bp 결실돌연변이를 분석하였다. 가라마필은 MC1R에서는 $E^+$/- ($E^+/E^+$ or $E^+/E^e$), ASIP에서는 $A^a/A^a$ 유전자형이 나타났다. 유마 마필에서는 MC1R은 $E^+$/- 그리고 ASIP는 $A^A$/- 유전자형이 나타났다. 반면에 적다 마필에서 MC1R은 $E^e/E^e$ 유전자형만이 나타났으며, ASIP에서는 모든 조합의 유전자형이 나타났다. 가라모색과 유마모색은 MC1R에서 적어도 1개의 $E^+$ 우성대립유전자를 갖고 있어야하며, 적다모색에서는 동형열성대립유전자인 $E^e/E^e$ 유전자형을 가져야 한다. 이는 ASIP 유전자형 분포와 관계없이 MC1R 유전자형에 의해 가라/유마모색과 적다모색을 결정하는 것이다. 또한 MC1R은 $E^+$/- 그리고 ASIP은 우성대립유전자인 $A^A$/-를 갖는 마필은 유마모색을 나타내는데 이는 ASIP은 우성대립유전자인 $A^A$에 의해 사지를 제외한 부분에서 흑모색발현을 억제하는 것으로 추정된다. 가계분석에서는 제주마와 더러브렛간에 교배로 생산된 $F_1$ 자마의 기본모색 양상과 MC1R 및 ASIP 유전자형 분포와의 관계에 대해 일정한 결과를 보여주고 있다. 본 결과는 모색에 대한 표현형과 유전양상 간의 관계를 보여주고 있으며, 제주마의 분자육종을 위한 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 2013

Bovine coat color is decided by the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) genotype mutation and melanogenesis. Specially, in the various cattle breeds, dominant black coat color is expressed by dominant genotype of $E^D$, red or brown is expressed in the frame shift mutation of recessive homozygous e by base pair deletion and wild type of $E^+$ is expressed in various coat colors. However, not very well known about the effected of MC1R genotype mutation on the coat color through family lines in KBC. Therefore, this study were to investigate effect of MC1R genotype mutation on the coat color, and to suggest mating breed system in accordance with of MC1R genotype for increased on brindle coat color appearance. Parents (sire 2 heads and dam 3 heads) and offspring (total : 54 heads) from crossbreeding in KBC family line with the MC1R genotype and phenotype records were selected as experimental animals. The relationship between melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) genotypes expression verified by PCR-RFLP, and brindle coat color appearance to the family line of the cross mating breed from MC1R genotype pattern was determined. As a result, 4MC1R genetic variations, $E^+/E^+$ (sire 1), $E^+/e$ (sire 2 and dam 3), $E^+/e$ with 4 bands of 174, 207 and 328 bp (dam 1) and $E^+/e$ with 3 bands of 174, 207, 328 and 535 bp (dam 2) from parents (sire and dam) of KBC. However, 3 genetic variations, e/e (24%), $E^+/E^+$ (22%) and $E^+/e$ (56%) were identified in offspring. Also, brindle coat color expressrated was the e/e with the 0%, $E^+/E^+$ with 67% and $E^+/e$ with 77% from MC1R genotype in offspring on the cross mating of KBC. Furthermore, when the sire had $E^+/e$ genotype and the dam had $E^+/E^+$ with the 3 bands or $E^+/e$ genotype, and both had whole body-brindle coat color, 62% of the offspring had whole body-brindle coat color. Therefore, the seresults, the mating system from MC1R genotype patterns of the sires ($E^+/e$) and dams ($E^+/E^+$ with the 3 bands or $E^+/e$) with brindle coat color may have the highest whole body-brindle coat color expression in their offspring.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 2010년도 한국우주과학회보 제19권1호
• /
• pp.39.1-39.1
• /
• 2010

We have investigated interplanetary (IP) structures of 82 intense geomagnetic storms (Dst $\leq$ -100 nT) that occurred from 1998 to 2006. According to their interplanetary origins, we classified them as four groups: 20 sMC events (IP shock and MC), 19 SH events (sheath field), 12 SH+MC events (Sheath field and MC), and 8 nonMC events (non-MC type ICME). For each group, we examined the relationships between Dst index and solar/IP parameters, namely, direction parameter (DP), CME speed ($V_{CME}$), solar wind speed ($V_{SW}$), minimum of IMF $B_z$ component($Bz_{min}$), and maximum of $E_y$ component ($Ey_{max}$).We found that the relationships strongly depend on their IP source. Our main results can be summarized as follows: 1) The correlation between Dst and DP is the best for the SH+MC events (r = -0.61). 2) The relationship between Dst and $V_{CME}$ gives the best correlation for the sMC events (r = -0.56). 3) There is the best correlation between Dst and $V_{SW}$ for the sMC events (r = -0.61), while there is a very weak correlation (r=-0.17) for the SH events. 4) The relationship between Dst and $Bz_{min}$ gives the best correlation (r = -0.87) for the SH+MC events. 5) The correlation between Dst and $Ey_{max}$ is the best for the SH+MC events (r = -0.87). Summing up, the sMC and SH+MC events give us good correlations, but the SH events, weak correlations. From this study, we suggest that this tendency should be caused by the characteristics of IMF southward components, e.g., smooth field rotations for the MC events and highly IMF fluctuations for the SH events.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2004

In order to understand the mechanism of the regulation of drug metabolizing enzyme gene expression, we have studied the induction of CYP1A1 and $GST\alpha,$ $\mu,$ $\pi$ enzymes in Japanese monkey and rhesus monkey after the treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and bisphenol A (BPA). The levels of mRNA were measured by RT-PCR in brain, intestine and liver. In the case of adult monkey, treatment with 3MC induced CYP1A1 mRNA in intestine by 11-fold. The treatment with DBP induced CYP1A1 mRNA. Effects of 3MC and DBP on GST mRNA expression was not clear. But $GST\mu$ was slightly inhibited by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. $GST\alpha$ was induced in intestine by 1.5-fold. $GST\pi$ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP in intestine. In the case of fetus monkey, the basal levels of fetus CYP1A1 mRNA and GSTs mRNA were relatively low compared to adult monkey. As the age of monkey increased, the basal levels of CYP1A1 mRNA were also increased. 3MC induced the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA didn't significantly induce CYP1A1 mRNA in intestine. The levels of $GST\mu$ and $GST\pi$ were not changed by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. $GST\pi$ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP.