• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.219-228
• /
• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the effects of traditional Korean medicine on a patient with dysphagia and anorexia following an acute lumbar compression fracture. Methods: The patient was treated with acupuncture and herbal medicine (Bojungikgi-tang and Insamyangyoung-tang), and the effects of the treatment were evaluated by monitoring oral feeding and using the Modified Barium Swallow (MBS) test. Results: After treatment, the amount of oral feeding more than doubled and the MBS was also improved. Conclusion: The results suggest that traditional Korean medicine may be effective for treating dysphagia and anorexia after an acute lumbar compression fracture.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2022

This paper proposes a coordinated multi-point communication (CoMP) method with channel selection to improve performance of a macro user equipment (MUE) in a dense small-cell network environment in a building located within coverage of a macro base station (MBS). In the proposed CoMP method, in order to improve the performance of the MUE located in the building, A small-cell base station (SBS) selects a channel with lower interference to the neighboring MUE and transmits appropriate signals to the MUE requiring CoMP. Simulation results show that the proposed CoMP method improves the performance of the MUE by up to 164% and 51%, respectivley, compared to a random channel allocation based traditional SBS network and CoMP method.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 2018

The heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) is most significant as a key technology for future fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. The heterogeneous network considered consists of randomly macrocell base stations (MBSs) overlaid with femtocell base stations (BSs). The stochastic geometry has been shown to be a very powerful tool to model, analyze, and design networks with random topologies such as wireless ad hoc, sensor networks, and multi- tier cellular networks. The HCNs can be energy-efficiently designed by deploying various BSs belonging to different networks, which has drawn significant attention to one of the technologies for future 5G wireless networks. In this paper, we propose switching off/on systems enabling the BSs in the cellular networks to efficiently consume the power by introducing active/sleep modes, which is able to reduce the interference and power consumption in the MBSs and FBSs on an individual basis as well as improve the energy efficiency of the cellular networks. We formulate the minimization of the power onsumption for the MBSs and FBSs as well as an optimization problem to maximize the energy efficiency subject to throughput outage constraints, which can be solved the Karush Kuhn Tucker (KKT) conditions according to the femto tier BS density. We also formulate and compare the coverage probability and the energy efficiency in HCNs scenarios with and without coordinated multi-point (CoMP) to avoid coverage holes.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.110-118
• /
• 2003

Olivine from the Layered Series (LS), Upper Border Series (UBS), and Marginal Border Series (MBS) of the Skaergaard intrusion was analyzed to examine compositional variation. In general, olivine from all three series shows similar trends in major elements with differentiation: FeO＊ (total iron as FeO＊), Ti $O_2$, and MnO in the olivine, progressively increase, MgO and $SiO_2$progressively decrease, and Na$_2$O, K$_2$O, A1$_2$ $O_3$, CaO, and P$_2$O$\_$5/ remain unchanged at low abundances. No abrupt changes in the trends of major components in Skaergaard olivine are observed. The systematic compositional variations in Skaergaard olivine during differentiation preclude the possibility of any injection of new magma into the chamber during differentiation. Abrupt change in MnO, however, is observed in Skaergaard olivine during differentiation. MnO in Skaergaard olivine steadily increases with differentiation from LZ to UZc and then decreases in UZc of the LS and its equivalents of the MBS and UBS. The decrease of MnO in Skaergaard olivine during the final stage of differentiation is attributable to the abrupt and extensive appearance of ferrobustamite as a liquidus phase.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.7C
• /
• pp.726-732
• /
• 2003

The paper proposes a motion estimation (ME) technique to reduce computational complexity. It is achieved by skipping ME process for macro-blocks decided to be in no need of the operation. Thus, it is called ME skipping technique(MEST). In general, the ME is composed of integer pixel precision ME (IME) followed by half pixel precision ME (HME). The MEST is performed just before an IME process and makes a decision on skipping the IME process according to a criterion based on ME errors of adjacent macro-blocks (MBs) already encoded. When the IME process for a MB is decided to be skipped, which is called ME skip mode, the IME process is skipped and the integer pixel precision motion vector of the MB is just replaced by a predicted vector and used as the input of HME. On the other hands, the IME processes for MBs in ME non-skip mode are not skipped but normally performed. Accordingly, the MEST is very effective to reduce computational complexity when MBs in ME skip mode is abundant. In addition, when the MEST is applied to video encoder, it contributes to more accurate rate control and more robusaess for channel errors. It is experimentally shown that the MEST has the above advantages while maintaining good reconstructed image quality.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.458-465
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Bokbunja (Rub coreanus Miquel), mulberry and blueberry have been reported to have powerful anti-antioxidant and anti-aging activities. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of gravy sauce added with Bokbunja, mulberry and blueberry. Methods: Quality characteristics pH, brix, color and sensory characteristics of samples were evaluated. Antioxidant activities of samples were compared using total phenol, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. Results: Mulberry juice showed significantly (p<0.05) higher values of pH and $^{\circ}Bx$ compared to Bokbunja and blueberry juice. Bokbunja juice also had significantly (p<0.05) higher value of Color-L value than mulberry and blueberry juice. The total phenol contents and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity of Bokbunja juice were 236.50 mgGAE/100 g and 61.66%, respectively, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of blueberry and mulberry juice. pH value of gravy sauce added with mulberry (MBS) was 4.67, which was significantly higher than that of the control gravy sauce (GS) and gravy sauce added with Bokbunja (BJS) which had the lowest (p<0.05) pH value 4.33. $^{\circ}Bx$ of GS (13.50) was not significantly different from that of MBS and BBS. However, BJS showed the lowest (p<0.05) value $12.33^{\circ}Bx$. Total phenol contents and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity of BJS were 78.09 mgGAE/100 g and 14.47%, respectively, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of MBS or BBS. Values of sensory characteristics color, sour aroma and sour flavor of BJS were significantly (p<0.05) higher value than those of other samples. Conclusion: Bokbunja juice and gravy sauce showed higher antioxidant activities and higher acceptance test compared to blueberry and mulberry. Thus, Bokbunja has the potential to be added to as high value products in the food industry.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.299-304
• /
• 2021

This study focuses on the preparation of acetaminophen (AP) imprinted functional biomaterials for a transdermal drug delivery using mung bean starch (MBS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium benzoate (S) as a crosslinking agent, glycerol (GL) as a plasticizer, and melanin (MEL) as a photothermal agent. The prepared AP imprinted biomaterials were characterized using FE-SEM and their physical properties were evaluated. The photothermal effect and AP release property for functional biomaterials were examined with the irradiation of near infrared (NIR) laser (1.5 W/cm²). When the NIR laser was irradiated on functional biomaterials with/without the addition of MEL, the temperature of MEL added biomaterial increased from 25 ℃ to 41 ℃, whereas the biomaterial without MEL increased from 25 ℃ to 28 ℃. Results indicate that there is the photothermal effect of prepared biomaterial with the addition of MEL. Based on the results, AP release properties were evaluated using standard buffer solutions and artificial skin. It was found that AP release rates of MEL added AP loaded biomaterials were 1.2 times faster than those of MEL non-added AP loaded biomaterials when irradiating with NIR laser. We envision that the developed functional biomaterials can be utilized for an acute pain-killing treatment.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
• /
• v.12 no.5 s.47
• /
• pp.44-55
• /
• 1997

차세대 이동통신은 IMT-2000, UMTS, UPT 및 MBS 등이 대두되고 있으며, 이러한 시스템들은 전세계적으로 단일표준을 결정하여 하나의 단말기로 세계적인 고품질 서비스를 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 ITU는 세계 단일표준을 지향하여 표준화활동을 추진하고 있지만, 이것은 각국의 이해관계가 결부되어 복잡하게 전개되면서 미국, 유럽연합 및 일본은 지역시장을 선점하기 위한 기술표준을 논의하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 고에서는 우선 ITM-2000의 개념을 검토해 보고, 미국, 유럽연합 및 일본 등의 IMT-2000 기술의 연구개발 현황을 분석하고, 이들 국가의 차세대 휴대전화 기술개발 전략을 비교 분석하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.17 no.3 s.76
• /
• pp.347-356
• /
• 2005

Recently, pre-engineering building (P.E.B.) systematic frames are increasingly being used in steel factory buildings, but almost of the related techniques are dependent on the engineering program (e.g, MBS, LTI), which is usually imported from other countries. These are designed under the AISC-ASD because at present there is no Korean design code for P.E.B. frames. Also, there are few studies onbehaviour and we need to develop the element techniques by using H-shaped components.In particular, there is a tendency towards overestimated design because column-rafter connections have been designed with extended end plate type joint, which is treated asrigid joint,so structural examinations are needed. Therefore, this study represents a basic step in ascertaining the application of P.E.B. systematic frames by using H-shaped column-rafter connectionwith flush type end plate. Its structural performance is compared with that of existing extended type joint using a structural performance test. The structural behaviour of specimen was understood qualitatively and the possibility of application (e.g, design aid charts) of semi-connection (flush type) with H-shaped column-rafter was determined.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.2595-2618
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we investigate secure communication with the presence of multiple eavesdroppers (Eves) in a two-tier downlink dense heterogeneous network, wherein there is a macrocell base station (MBS) and multiple femtocell base stations (FBSs). Each base station (BS) has multiple users. And Eves attempt to wiretap a macrocell user (MU). To keep Eves ignorant of the confidential message, we propose a physical-layer security scheme based on cross-layer cooperation to exploit interference in the considered network. Under the constraints on the quality of service (QoS) of other legitimate users and transmit power, the secrecy rate of system can be maximized through jointly optimizing the beamforming vectors of MBS and cooperative FBSs. We explore the problem of maximizing secrecy rate in both non-colluding and colluding Eves scenarios, respectively. Firstly, in non-colluding Eves scenario, we approximate the original non-convex problem into a few semi-definite programs (SDPs) by employing the semi-definite relaxation (SDR) technique and conservative convex approximation under perfect channel state information (CSI) case. Furthermore, we extend the frame to imperfect CSI case and use the Lagrangian dual theory to cope with uncertain constraints on CSI. Secondly, in colluding Eves scenario, we transform the original problem into a two-tier optimization problem equivalently. Among them, the outer layer problem is a single variable optimization problem and can be solved by one-dimensional linear search. While the inner-layer optimization problem is transformed into a convex SDP problem with SDR technique and Charnes-Cooper transformation. In the perfect CSI case of both non-colluding and colluding Eves scenarios, we prove that the relaxation of SDR is tight and analyze the complexity of proposed algorithms. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness and robustness of proposed scheme.