• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1157-1163
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• 2014

This study was conducted to observe the effects of gas composition in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the shelf-life of Longissimus dorsi of Korean Native Black Pigs-Duroc Crossbred ($KNP{\times}D$) during refrigerated storage. Muscle sample was obtained from the left side of carcass of seven months old of $KNP{\times}D$ barrow. The sample was sliced into 1 cm in thickness, placed on trays (two slices/tray) and filled with different gas composition, i.e. 0:20:80/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP1), 30:20:50/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP2) and 70:20:10/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP3). Other slices of sample were vacuum packed (VP) as a control. All packs were stored at $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. At 12 d of storage, pH value of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than that of MAP1 and pH value of MAP1 was higher (p<0.05) than that of VP. At 6 d of storage, redness ($a^*$) value of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than that of VP and MAP1 and, at 9 and 12 d of storage, redness value of MAP3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of VP, MAP1, and MAP2. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage, the 2- thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value of MAP3 was higher than that of MAP2 and TBARS value of MAP2 was higher than that of VP and MAP1. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage, volatile basic nitrogen values of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of VP and MAP1. At 3 d of storage, total aerobic plate counts of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of VP and MAP1 and, at 6 d of storage, total aerobic plate counts of MAP3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of MAP1 and MAP2. However, there was no significant different total aerobic plate count among MAP1, MAP2, and MAP3 at 9 and 12 d of storage. There was no significant different total anaerobic plate count among MAP1, MAP2, and MAP3 during storage. It is concluded that the MAP containing 30:20:50/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ gas composition (MAP2) might be ideal for better meat quality for $KNP{\times}D$ meat.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.230-242
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• 2017

In the Arabidopsis genome, approximately 80 MAP3Ks (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases) have been identified. However, only a few of them have been characterized, and the functions of most MAP3Ks are largely unknown. In this paper, we report the function of MAP3K16 and several other MAP3Ks, MAP3K14/15/17/18, whose expression is salt-inducible. We prepared MAP3K16 overexpression (OX) lines and analyzed their phenotypes. The result showed that the transgenic plants were ABA-insensitive during seed germination and cotyledon greening stage but their root growth was ABA-hypersensitive. The OX lines were more susceptible to water-deficit condition at later growth stage in soil. A MAP3K16 knockout (KO) line, on the other hand, exhibited opposite phenotypes. In similar transgenic analyses, we found that MAP3K14/15/17/18 OX and KO lines displayed similar phenotypes to those of MA3K16, suggesting the functional redundancy among them. MAP3K16 possesses in vitro kinase activity, and we carried out two-hybrid analyses to identify MAP3K16 substrates. Our results indicate that MAP3K16 interacts with MKK3 and the negative regulator of ABA response, ABR1, in yeast. Furthermore, MAP3K16 recombinant protein could phosphorylate MKK3 and ABR1, suggesting that they might be MAP3K16 substrates. Collectively, our results demonstrate that MAP3K16 and MAP3K14/15/17/18 are involved in ABA response, playing negative or positive roles depending on developmental stage and that MAP3K16 may function via MKK3 and ABR1.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제17권1_2_3호
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• pp.537-545
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• 2005

The aim of this paper is to solve the open problem on product properties of digital covering maps raised from [5]. Namely, let us consider the digital images $X_1 {\subset}Z^{n_{0}}$ with $k_0-adjacency$, $Y_1{\subset}Z^{n_{1}}$ with $k_3-adjacency$, $X_2{\subset}Z^{n_{2}}$ with $k_2-adjacency$ and $Y_2{\subset}Z^{n_{3}}$ with $k_3-adjacency$. Then the reasonable $k_4-adjacency$ of the product image $X_1{\times}X_2$ is determined by the $k_0-$ and $k_2-adjacency$ and the suitable k_5-adjacency$ is assumed on $Y_1{\times}Y_2$ via the $k_1-$ and $k_3-adjacency$ [3] such that each of the projection maps is a digitally continuous map, e.g., $p_1\;:\;X_1{\times}X_2{\rightarrow}X_1$ is a digitally ($k_4,\;k_1$)-continuous map and so on. Let us assume $h_1\;:\;X_1{\rightarrow}Y_1$ to be a digital $(k_0, k_1)$-covering map and $h_2\;:\;X_2{\rightarrow}Y_2$ to be a digital $(k_2,\;k_3)$-covering map. Then we show that the product map $h_1{\times}h_2\;:\;X_1{\times}X_2{\rightarrow}Y_1{\times}Y_2$ need not be a digital $(k_4,k_5)$-covering map.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2013

Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B), a member of MAP1 family, plays a key role in neuronal development. MAP1B binds to many kinds of proteins directly or indirectly. This study was performed to investigate whether MAP1B interacts with GAPDH in bovine follicles using immunoprecipitation (IP) with Western blot analysis and immunohistochemisty. The mRNA expressions of MAP1B and glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were down-regulated in bovine follicular cystic follicles (FCF). In parallel with the mRNA levels, their protein levels were also down-regulated in FCFs. In addition, MAP1B and GAPDH were co-localized at the cytoplasm of follicles. IP with Western blot analysis showed that MAP1B bound to GAPDH in normal follicles, but their binding was absent in FCFs, suggesting a low level of MAP1B and/or GAPDH expressions in FCFs. Taken together, these results suggest that MAP1B interacted with GAPDH may play a role in bovine follicle development, and that GAPDH does not function always as a loading control in bovine follicles.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.765-773
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• 2013

We show that for the logistic map, almost every x is a normal number mod 2 with respect to all intervals except for $[a,b]=[\frac{1}{4},1]\;or\;[a,b]=[\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4},\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}]$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1699-1705
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• 2011

Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) was recovered from swine wastewater and the feasibility of reutilizing it as a slowly-releasing fertilizer was evaluated. Maize growth was investigated with normal and high application rates of MAP and a fused super phosphate (FSP) fertilizer. A total of 5 treatments ($T_0$ = control, $T_1$ = MAP based on 30 kg P $ha^{-1}$, $T_2$ = FSP based on 30 kg P $ha^{-1}$+urea equivalent to nitrogen of MAP applied in $T_1$, $T_3$ = MAP based on 40 kg P $ha^{-1}$, $T_4$ = FSP based on 40 kg P $ha^{-1}$+urea equivalent to nitrogen of MAP applied in $T_3$) were arranged with 3 replications. In the case of height and circumference, significant differences were found between controls and treated maize plants (p<0.01). However, no statistical differences were found between MAP- and FSP-urea treated maize. Leaf area and green biomass yield were significantly (p<0.01) higher in the treated group than control. Leaf area was also found significantly higher (p<0.01) in the higher MAP- treated group (2,374 $cm^2$ $plant^{-1}$) than other treatments. $N_2O$ emission was found to be lower in MAP treated soil than that from FSP-urea treated soil, which might be due to the slow releasing pattern of MAP. It could be assumed from the results that MAP would be an eco-friendly sustainable fertilizer source for crop production.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2014

최근 래스터 기반의 고품질, 고해상도 공간정보가 등장하면서 1/1,000 수치지도의 인지도와 활용도가 저하되고 있으며, 수정 및 갱신 주기가 불규칙하여 최신성 결여의 문제점을 안고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 3차원 공간정보와 1/1,000 수치지도의 연계성을 분석하고, 3차원 공간정보 성과품을 이용한 1/1,000 수치지도 수정 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구 성과를 통해 제시된 1/1,000 수치지도 수정 방안 중 3차원 객체모델을 이용하여 인천과 부산광역시의 일부지역을 시범구축하고 3차원 객체모델을 이용한 1/1,000 수치지도 수정 방안의 정성적, 정량적 분석을 통하여 수정 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1998

A Gauss map of m-dimensional distribution on a Riemannian manifold M is called a harmonic Gauss map if it is a harmonic map from the manifold into its Grassmann bundle $G_m$(TM) of m-dimensional tangent subspace. We calculate the tension field of the Gauss map of m-dimensional distribution and especially show that the Hopf fibrations on $S^{4n＋3}$ are the harmonic Gauss map of 3-dimensional distribution.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2015

생태 자연도는 자연자원을 식생, 멸종위기동 식물종 분포에 따라 생태학적 보전과 복원을 위한 정보 제공과 정책 및 토지이용계획 등에 중요 자료로 이용되고 있다. 생태 자연도는 2만 5천분의 일 축척 지도 794도엽에 대하여 1, 2, 3등급과 별도관리지역으로 구분하여 표기되고 있다. 2005년에 최초의 생태 자연도 국민열람(안)이 공개되어 1,419건의 관련된 관 민원이 발생하였으며, 일부 수정을 거쳐 2007년에 고시되었다. 2012년에 두 번째 생태 자연도 국민열람(안)이 공개되었으며, 1,263건의 관 민원이 접수되었다. 2007년에 고시된 생태 자연도의 등급조정을 위한 관원과 민원은 182건이 접수되었으며, 2013년까지 159건이 수정 보완 고시되었다. 2007년 생태 자연도 고시자료의 국토대비 각 등급별 면적 비율은 1등급 7.5%, 2등급 39.2%, 3등급 44.7%이다. 2012년 생태 자연도 개정고시 국민열람(안)에서는 1등급이 약 1.7%, 2등급이 약 6.3% 증가하였으며, 3등급은 8.1% 감소하였다. 전국의 1등급 지역 중 가장 많은 비율을 차지하는 곳은 강원도(2007: 54.33%, 2012: 47.53%)로 나타났다. 1등급 면적 비율이 가장 높고 3등급 면적이 가장 낮은 지역은 강원도며, 3등급 면적이 가장 높은 지역은 서울특별시다. 1등급 면적이 가장 많이 증가한 지역은 경상북도며, 가장 많이 감소한 지역은 전라북도와 서울특별시다. 1등급 판정에 가장 높은 기여를 하는 평가 항목은 식생이었다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2009

The helicoidal surfaces with pointwise 1-type or harmonic gauss map in Euclidean 3-space are studied. The notion of pointwise 1-type Gauss map is a generalization of usual sense of 1-type Gauss map. In particular, we prove that an ordinary helicoid is the only genuine helicoidal surface of polynomial kind with pointwise 1-type Gauss map of the first kind and a right cone is the only rational helicoidal surface with pointwise 1-type Gauss map of the second kind. Also, we give a characterization of rational helicoidal surface with harmonic or pointwise 1-type Gauss map.