• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1157-1163
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• 2014

This study was conducted to observe the effects of gas composition in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the shelf-life of Longissimus dorsi of Korean Native Black Pigs-Duroc Crossbred ($KNP{\times}D$) during refrigerated storage. Muscle sample was obtained from the left side of carcass of seven months old of $KNP{\times}D$ barrow. The sample was sliced into 1 cm in thickness, placed on trays (two slices/tray) and filled with different gas composition, i.e. 0:20:80/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP1), 30:20:50/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP2) and 70:20:10/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP3). Other slices of sample were vacuum packed (VP) as a control. All packs were stored at $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. At 12 d of storage, pH value of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than that of MAP1 and pH value of MAP1 was higher (p<0.05) than that of VP. At 6 d of storage, redness ($a^*$) value of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than that of VP and MAP1 and, at 9 and 12 d of storage, redness value of MAP3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of VP, MAP1, and MAP2. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage, the 2- thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value of MAP3 was higher than that of MAP2 and TBARS value of MAP2 was higher than that of VP and MAP1. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage, volatile basic nitrogen values of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of VP and MAP1. At 3 d of storage, total aerobic plate counts of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of VP and MAP1 and, at 6 d of storage, total aerobic plate counts of MAP3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of MAP1 and MAP2. However, there was no significant different total aerobic plate count among MAP1, MAP2, and MAP3 at 9 and 12 d of storage. There was no significant different total anaerobic plate count among MAP1, MAP2, and MAP3 during storage. It is concluded that the MAP containing 30:20:50/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ gas composition (MAP2) might be ideal for better meat quality for $KNP{\times}D$ meat.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.230-242
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• 2017

In the Arabidopsis genome, approximately 80 MAP3Ks (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases) have been identified. However, only a few of them have been characterized, and the functions of most MAP3Ks are largely unknown. In this paper, we report the function of MAP3K16 and several other MAP3Ks, MAP3K14/15/17/18, whose expression is salt-inducible. We prepared MAP3K16 overexpression (OX) lines and analyzed their phenotypes. The result showed that the transgenic plants were ABA-insensitive during seed germination and cotyledon greening stage but their root growth was ABA-hypersensitive. The OX lines were more susceptible to water-deficit condition at later growth stage in soil. A MAP3K16 knockout (KO) line, on the other hand, exhibited opposite phenotypes. In similar transgenic analyses, we found that MAP3K14/15/17/18 OX and KO lines displayed similar phenotypes to those of MA3K16, suggesting the functional redundancy among them. MAP3K16 possesses in vitro kinase activity, and we carried out two-hybrid analyses to identify MAP3K16 substrates. Our results indicate that MAP3K16 interacts with MKK3 and the negative regulator of ABA response, ABR1, in yeast. Furthermore, MAP3K16 recombinant protein could phosphorylate MKK3 and ABR1, suggesting that they might be MAP3K16 substrates. Collectively, our results demonstrate that MAP3K16 and MAP3K14/15/17/18 are involved in ABA response, playing negative or positive roles depending on developmental stage and that MAP3K16 may function via MKK3 and ABR1.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.17 no.1_2_3
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• pp.537-545
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• 2005

The aim of this paper is to solve the open problem on product properties of digital covering maps raised from [5]. Namely, let us consider the digital images $X_1 {\subset}Z^{n_{0}}$ with $k_0-adjacency$, $Y_1{\subset}Z^{n_{1}}$ with $k_3-adjacency$, $X_2{\subset}Z^{n_{2}}$ with $k_2-adjacency$ and $Y_2{\subset}Z^{n_{3}}$ with $k_3-adjacency$. Then the reasonable $k_4-adjacency$ of the product image $X_1{\times}X_2$ is determined by the $k_0-$ and $k_2-adjacency$ and the suitable k_5-adjacency$ is assumed on $Y_1{\times}Y_2$ via the $k_1-$ and $k_3-adjacency$ [3] such that each of the projection maps is a digitally continuous map, e.g., $p_1\;:\;X_1{\times}X_2{\rightarrow}X_1$ is a digitally ($k_4,\;k_1$)-continuous map and so on. Let us assume $h_1\;:\;X_1{\rightarrow}Y_1$ to be a digital $(k_0, k_1)$-covering map and $h_2\;:\;X_2{\rightarrow}Y_2$ to be a digital $(k_2,\;k_3)$-covering map. Then we show that the product map $h_1{\times}h_2\;:\;X_1{\times}X_2{\rightarrow}Y_1{\times}Y_2$ need not be a digital $(k_4,k_5)$-covering map.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2013

Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B), a member of MAP1 family, plays a key role in neuronal development. MAP1B binds to many kinds of proteins directly or indirectly. This study was performed to investigate whether MAP1B interacts with GAPDH in bovine follicles using immunoprecipitation (IP) with Western blot analysis and immunohistochemisty. The mRNA expressions of MAP1B and glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were down-regulated in bovine follicular cystic follicles (FCF). In parallel with the mRNA levels, their protein levels were also down-regulated in FCFs. In addition, MAP1B and GAPDH were co-localized at the cytoplasm of follicles. IP with Western blot analysis showed that MAP1B bound to GAPDH in normal follicles, but their binding was absent in FCFs, suggesting a low level of MAP1B and/or GAPDH expressions in FCFs. Taken together, these results suggest that MAP1B interacted with GAPDH may play a role in bovine follicle development, and that GAPDH does not function always as a loading control in bovine follicles.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.765-773
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• 2013

We show that for the logistic map, almost every x is a normal number mod 2 with respect to all intervals except for $[a,b]=[\frac{1}{4},1]\;or\;[a,b]=[\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4},\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}]$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1699-1705
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• 2011

Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) was recovered from swine wastewater and the feasibility of reutilizing it as a slowly-releasing fertilizer was evaluated. Maize growth was investigated with normal and high application rates of MAP and a fused super phosphate (FSP) fertilizer. A total of 5 treatments ($T_0$ = control, $T_1$ = MAP based on 30 kg P $ha^{-1}$, $T_2$ = FSP based on 30 kg P $ha^{-1}$+urea equivalent to nitrogen of MAP applied in $T_1$, $T_3$ = MAP based on 40 kg P $ha^{-1}$, $T_4$ = FSP based on 40 kg P $ha^{-1}$+urea equivalent to nitrogen of MAP applied in $T_3$) were arranged with 3 replications. In the case of height and circumference, significant differences were found between controls and treated maize plants (p<0.01). However, no statistical differences were found between MAP- and FSP-urea treated maize. Leaf area and green biomass yield were significantly (p<0.01) higher in the treated group than control. Leaf area was also found significantly higher (p<0.01) in the higher MAP- treated group (2,374 $cm^2$ $plant^{-1}$) than other treatments. $N_2O$ emission was found to be lower in MAP treated soil than that from FSP-urea treated soil, which might be due to the slow releasing pattern of MAP. It could be assumed from the results that MAP would be an eco-friendly sustainable fertilizer source for crop production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2014

As raster-based high quality and resolution spatial information has appeared, 1/1,000 digital map lost either its recognition or uses because of insufficient new modified and updated information. Therefore, this study analyzed the linkage between three-dimensional spatial information and 1/1,000 digital map, and also suggested a modification plan of 1/1,000 digital map, made by three-dimensional spatial information. In fact, some area of Incheon and Busan were presented with the modification plan of 1/1,000 digital map as three-dimensional trial models. These trials reflected possibilities of modification by qualitative and quantitative analysis of 1/1,000 digital map, using three-dimensional object model.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 1998

A Gauss map of m-dimensional distribution on a Riemannian manifold M is called a harmonic Gauss map if it is a harmonic map from the manifold into its Grassmann bundle $G_m$(TM) of m-dimensional tangent subspace. We calculate the tension field of the Gauss map of m-dimensional distribution and especially show that the Hopf fibrations on $S^{4n＋3}$ are the harmonic Gauss map of 3-dimensional distribution.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2015

The Ecosystem and Nature Map (ENM) is basic map for current status of natural resources. The map has been offered information to ecological conservation and restoration, as well as to land use planning and policy making. The map composed of 794 sheets in 1:25,000 scale classifies total areas into three grade zones (1st, 2nd and 3rd grade zones) and separately managed zone. In 2005, the first draft Ecosystem and Nature Map was prepared by the second National Ecosystem Survey. It was opened for the people to search and appeal. So 1,419 cases of public appeals on the first draft Ecosystem and Nature Map were submitted in 2005. After partial revision, the first Ecosystem and Nature Map was announced in 2007. The second draft Ecosystem and Nature Map was prepared by the third National Ecosystem Survey and opened to public in 2012. As a result, 1,263 cases of public appeals were submitted in 2012. Since the first announcement of the Ecosystem and Nature Map in April 2007, 182 cases of public appeals on the Map were submitted until December 2013. Among them, 159 cases were announced with revision. According to the first Ecosystem and Nature Map announced in 2007, graded areas covered 7.5% in the 1st grade zone, 39.2% in the 2nd grade zone and 44.7% in the 3rd grade zone of the national land area, respectively. In the second draft Ecosystem and Nature Map in 2012, areas of the 1st grade zone and the 2nd grade zone were 9.2% increased 1.7 percentage points and 45.5% increased 6.3 percentage points, and areas of the 3rd grade zone were 36.6% decreased 8.1 percentage points. Among areas of the 1st grade zone, Gangwondo occupies 54.3% in 2007 and 47.6% in 2012. Gangwondo consists of the highest percentage of the 1st grade zone and the smallest of the 3rd grade zone. Seoul has the highest percentage of the 3rd grade zone. There were the highest increase of the 1st grade zone in Gyeongsangbukdo and the highest decrease in Jeollabukdo and Seoul. Vegetation is the most important evaluation factor to determine the grade of the Ecosystem and Nature Map.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.215-223
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• 2009

The helicoidal surfaces with pointwise 1-type or harmonic gauss map in Euclidean 3-space are studied. The notion of pointwise 1-type Gauss map is a generalization of usual sense of 1-type Gauss map. In particular, we prove that an ordinary helicoid is the only genuine helicoidal surface of polynomial kind with pointwise 1-type Gauss map of the first kind and a right cone is the only rational helicoidal surface with pointwise 1-type Gauss map of the second kind. Also, we give a characterization of rational helicoidal surface with harmonic or pointwise 1-type Gauss map.